Stuttgart Symposium 2012 Customer Expectations and Technical Solutions for Third Generation Electric Vehicles Stuttgart, 13 March 2012 Micha Lesemann, Lutz Eckstein, Michael Funcke, Leif Ickert, Else-Marie Malmek, Jac Wismans 1
Agenda Introduction -Sustainable Mobility -Objectives -ELVA Project Customer Expectations Technology Options Design Approach Summary & Outlook 2
Introduction Sustainable Mobility Economy Ecology Society Energy taxes Incentives Green zones CO 2 limits Infrastructure Jobs Mobility concepts Economical + zero emission + affordable mobility Vehicle concepts Systems & functions Driving dynamics Acoustics Comfort Propulsion concept Energy management Lightweight design Active safety Passive safety Functional safety Driving pleasure Efficiency Safety 3
Introduction Sustainable Mobility Efficiency Energy & drive train management Goal: min. energy consumption Typical target area of e-mobility Sustainable lightweight design Goal: minimisation of mass and use of resources Driving Pleasure Intelligent driver assistance and vehicle guidance Goal: further increase of comfort and safety Safety 4
Introduction ELVA Project Exploration and identification of conceptual design options for EVs Assessment of electric drive technologies and components by 2020 Understanding of customer preferences of EVs Development of three EV concepts following a purpose design approach Qualitative assessment of the three EV concepts Compilation of design practices/rules/freedoms & limitations for urban EVs 5
Introduction Project Approach Assessment Criteria Definition Combination of Technologies Assessment Comparison Continuous Evaluation Market Forecast Technology Forecast Concept 1 Concept 2 Concept 3 Design Contest Identification Needs & Req ments List of Specifications 10-25 Concepts Combinations Assessment & Selection Concept Development 6
Introduction Project Consortium M. Lesemann / Project Introduction ELVA consortium 2012 7
Agenda Introduction Customer Expectations -Factor Analysis -Customer Survey -Conclusions Technology Options Design Approach Summary & Outlook 8
Customer Expectations Factor Analysis Main Influencing Factors Individuality Safety Demographic Change Urbanisation Environmental Concern Analysis Input OEM input Forecasts/studies Survey Customer Expectations M. Lesemann / Stuttgart Symposium 2012 ELVA consortium 2012 9
Customer Expectations Survey Setup The public customer survey was performed from April - June 2011. Participation was possible online and offline. By far the majority of participants filled one of the three language versions of the questionnaire online. In total about 1,100 valid replies were received. Most persons gave a rather full set of answers including personal background questions. M. Lesemann / Stuttgart Symposium 2012 ELVA consortium 2012 10
Customer Expectations Survey Results Origin Countries and Participants 29 % large city 36 % city 20 % town/village 16 % suburb/country n = 912 Net income 9 % 8 % 14 % 28 % 28 % 14 % < 1,000 1,000 1,500 1,500 2,000 n = 984 2,000 3,000 3,000 5,000 > 5,000 n = 601 > 200 101-200 21-100 6-20 1-5 0 M. Lesemann / Stuttgart Symposium 2012 ELVA consortium 2012 11
Customer Expectations Survey Results How important is a car to your life? n = 1085 1 6 not important 4.7 important Do you expect a change in mobility? n = 1094 Yes 94 % How do you expect the change? No 6 % Which is the drive of the future? Hybrid Purely Electric Fuel Cell Completely New Technology ICE with Different Fuel ICE with Conventional Fuel n = 1998 (multiple answers) 17 % 13 % 12 % 11 % 10 % 10 % 9 % 8 % 5 % 4 % 27 % 26 % 17 % 16 % 10 % 4 % new drive concepts improved safety n = 4965 (multiple answers) raised traffic volume more public transport more car sharing new styled cars autopilot for cars faster transport systems more long distance journeys more short distance journeys M. Lesemann / Stuttgart Symposium 2012 ELVA consortium 2012 12
Customer Expectations Survey Results Range 1 % 7 % 17 % 16 % 17 % 42 % When do you expect alternative concepts to be ready for everyday usage? > 10 years 21 % 8-10 years 17 % 5-7 years 27 % 2-4 years 18 % < 50 km 50-100 km n = 996 100-200 km 200-300 km 300-400 km > 400 km < 2 years n = 1085 16 % Acceptable recharge duration Cycle for recharge 28 % 13 % 24 % 25 % 9 % 1 % 16 % 6 % once a month once a week 31 % 47 % 2 to 3 times a week n = 985 30 min 1 h 2 h 5 h 8 h 12 h n = 994 after every trip M. Lesemann / Stuttgart Symposium 2012 ELVA consortium 2012 13
Customer Expectations Survey Results How would you use an electrical car? 70,0% 60,0% 50,0% never rare sometimes often always 40,0% 30,0% 20,0% 10,0% 0,0% n = 887 urban interurban on the motorway transpotation of persons to school/ work holiday/ journey hobby/ leisure visit friends/ family shopping Difference current to electrical usage M. Lesemann / Stuttgart Symposium 2012 ELVA consortium 2012 14
Customer Expectations Conclusions Customers expect changes in mobility and anticipate new drive concepts in the coming years. Hybrid and electrically driven vehicles are seen as the future drive. Usage patterns contrast very much expressed expectations, e.g. the actual daily driven distance compared to the desired autonomous range. For electric vehicles, the refuelling comfort of an ICE vehicle sets the benchmark (quick recharge either once a week or after every trip). Customers accept that electric vehicles will be most suitable for urban and interurban usage, and related activities. However, they must meet their expectations e.g. regarding the intended use. The outcome of the ELVA customer survey is in line with conclusions drawn by other studies and forecasts, e.g. the (worldwide) Continental Mobility Study published in December 2011. M. Lesemann / Stuttgart Symposium 2012 ELVA consortium 2012 15
Agenda Introduction Customer Expectations Technology Options -Overview -Material -Electric Drivetrain Design Approach Summary & Outlook 16
Technology Options Overview Technologies were analysed regarding their applicability for future (electric) vehicles: Electric storage Drivetrain technology Lightweight design Brake technology Vehicle safety EMC The technology options are the basis for the investigation and development of rough vehicle concepts. 17
Technology Options Example: Materials Trend 1: High Strength Steel Trend 2: Aluminium Closures Trend 3: FRP Application Weight [%] 50 40 30 20 10 Trend to high strength and press hardened steel Trend to Volume aluminium closures [Units/day]? 1000 BMW 5 Series BMW 7 Series 300 BMW 6 Series 100 BMW RR Z8 Phantom 10 2002 2007 2008 2010 Upper limit 2000 2002 2004 2008 2010? Trend 4: Sandwich and Insulating Materials Including Glazing (Thermo Management, NVH) Trend 5: Hybrid Design Steel FRP Trend 6: Multi-Material Design Weight Distribution Aluminium 96 kg (53 %) Steel 66 kg (36 %) Magnesium 11 kg (7 %) Plastics 7 kg (4 %) 18
Technology Options Example: Electric Drive 19
Agenda Introduction Customer Expectations Technology Options Design Approach -Overview -Contest -Conclusions Summary & Outlook 20
Design Approach Overview Approach Brainstorming phase Project partners Selected designers High creativity Basis specs Design contest phase 1 Few limitations Design brief Broad collection of ideas Analysis phase Feasibility, technical potential Sustainability Design contest phase 2 More limitations Adaptation Consolidation phase Input: all positively evaluated ideas, design contest results Output: three concepts to be detailed afterwards M. Lesemann / Stuttgart Symposium 2012 ELVA consortium 2012 21
Design Approach Contest A two-phase design contest was drawn addressing design schools, freelance designers and interested persons. Phase 1: open design contest with few limitations Phase 2: design detailing with further technical requirements The winner and two runner-ups were selected by jury in January 2012. 22
Design Approach Contest Entries (Phase 1) 23
Design Approach Contest Entries Winners 24
Design Approach Conclusions For the design of the electric vehicle concepts, internal and external resources were combined. The project partners investigated numerous technical ideas and broad vehicle concepts. A public design contest was drawn to achieve stylings for urban electric vehicles. All ideas and designs were assessed and led to three concepts, which are now designed in detail and virtually assessed regarding key parameters. M. Lesemann / Stuttgart Symposium 2012 ELVA consortium 2012 25
Agenda Introduction Customer Expectations Technology Options Design Approach Summary & Outlook -Complementary Project 26
Summary & Outlook To reach the goal of sustainable mobility, electric vehicles for urban and interurban traffic can be a promising approach. Customers are open to new vehicles, which must be meeting their requirements and expectations. The ELVA project works on convincing vehicle concepts and has therefore performed a deep investigation of customer needs. Technical options for 2020 and beyond were investigated and led to a high number of ideas for technical solutions and vehicle concepts. A design contest was drawn and resulted in three interesting stylings. Currently, the partners are developing three detailed vehicle concepts that will allow virtual assessment against key parameters. The results will be presented in about one year. 27
Summary & Outlook Complementary Project 28
Thank you very much for your attention! www.elva-project.eu 29
Contact Dipl.-Ing. Micha Lesemann Forschungsgesellschaft Kraftfahrwesen mbh Aachen for: RWTH Aachen University Steinbachstr. 7 52074 Aachen Germany Phone +49 241 80 27535 Fax +49 241 8861 110 E-Mail info@elva-project.eu Internet www.elva-project.eu M. Lesemann / Stuttgart Symposium 2012 ELVA consortium 2012 30