City of Houston EVs and EVSEs July 27 th Clean Cities: Workplace Charging Workshop Jedediah Greenfield, Fleet Management Department 832.393.6910 * jedediah.greenfield@houstontx.gov
EV s, something old that s new again! Circa 1914, Mrs. Edison s Electric Vehicle and Home Charging Station 2
In 1914, Detroit was the first American city to use EV Taxi s Detroit s first electric taxi accumulated more than 46,000 miles in it first two years of operation.
100 years later every major OEM is producing EV s OEM Model TYPE Electric Range (Miles) Price (US Dollars)* Total Sales to date (Dec. 2010-March 2013 Nissan Leaf BEV 73 $32,200 23,051 General Motors Volt PHEV 40 $41,400 35,702 Toyota Prius PHEV 14 $32,000 15,103 Tesla Model S BEV 160-300 $57,000-105,000 7,400 Total Production 81,256 Nissan Leaf Tesla Model S Chevy Volt Toyota Prius Plugin *Before Federal and State Tax Incentives From 2008 through 2013, more than 80,000 highway-capable plug-in electric cars have been sold in the country.
Consistent Growth in Sales of PEVs Monthly U.S. Sales 13,000 12,000 11,000 10,000 9,000 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 Dec-10 Feb-11 Monthly US Sales US Cumulative Sales National Sales: Cumulative 2014: 54,791 Cumulative 2011-2014: 223,110 June: 11,493 Apr-11 Jun-11 Aug-11 Oct-11 Dec-11 Feb-12 Apr-12 Jun-12 Aug-12 Oct-12 Dec-12 Feb-13 Apr-13 Jun-13 Aug-13 Oct-13 Dec-13 Feb-14 Apr-14 Jun-14 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 Cumulative Sales 5
One reason EV s are so popular is because electricity makes a great fuel. 0.14 Average Cost Per Mile By Fuel Source (Daily Mileage = 40 ) 0.12 $0.117 Electricity Gasoline Average Fuel Cost ($/ mile) 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 $0.12 $0.078 $0.076 $0.02 $0.08 $0.056 $0.061 0.02 $0.05 $0.05 $0.06 - $0.00 CV HEV PHEV13 PHEV40 AEV Vehicle Type Assume: $3.50 gasoline; 18 cents/ KWh electricity; CV 30 MPG, HEV and PHEV13 @ 45 MPG, PHEV40 @ 37 MPG; size of full charge PHEV13 @ 4 KWh, PHEV40 @ 12 KWh, AEV @ 35 KWh Source: PSEG EV owners also will be motivated both environmentally and economically to maximize electric usage for their vehicles. 6
Charging Type Charging option Capacity Equipment Range Level 1 120 VAC, 15 or 20 amps A cord: standard, threeprong household plug and a J1772 standard connector 2-5 miles per hour of charging Level 2 240-280 VAC, 20 or 100 amps J1772-connector 10-20 miles per hour of charging Level 3 DC fast charge 480 VAC, 125 amps off-board charger to provide the AC to DC conversion 30 min to charge 80% battery Source: Installation Guide For Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE), The Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources, 2011
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
EV Charging Locations Topology PEV Charge Venues Public Access Charging Private Access Charging Daytime Daytime and Evening Destination Workplace Destinations where vehicle is parked for 2 hours or more (e.g. Shopping Mall, Universities, Movie Theatres, Central Business Districts (e.g. municipal parking lots), hotels and restaurants, sports venues, and transport hubs etc.) Public parking near workplace (e.g. on and off-street public parking) Employee private parking Overnight public parking (e.g. municipal lots) Nighttime Home Home residence garage and driveway parking For most EV owners the primary charge will occur at the home residence; the second highest incidence of charging is expected to occur at or near the place of work; and finally we believe that some PEV owners will want to top-up on electricity at a destination.
Importance of Workplace Charging Fills a critical gap in PEV Infrastructure needs Provides an attractive employee benefit LEED standard and reduction of GHGs Allows for more electric only miles for PHEV s Creates local PEV showrooms for info sharing on vehicles
Why Install Workplace Charging? Recruit and retain employees Green your image Improved commute increased employee productivity Help comply with local air quality and transportation policies LEED points toward certification
Costs Hardware costs Level 1 just the cord to ~$500 Level 2: $1,000 - $5,000 DC Fast charging: $15,000 - $20,000 Installation costs Can vary greatly depending on site conditions Few $100 to $5,000 per EVSE Operating costs Commercial rates in US $ 0.8-0.15/kWh Network costs site host, monthly charge $30/EVSE, membership for user Demand charges can be avoided if managed, cost $10-30/kW 12
City of Houston s EV and EVSE Experience Conversion of 15 City Vehicles to Plug-in Hybrid EVs Purchase 27 Nissan Leafs for City Fleet (shared pool) Estimated $2k annual savings per vehicle Charging Station Infrastructure: City/Direct Grant Funded: Installation 28 municipal EV charging stations DOE EV Project Funded: Deployment of 110 Blink charging stations Nissan Grant: DC Fast Charger Downtown Theater District Garage Airport Expansion: Hobby installing 10 Level II stations, and adding two additional level II stations to Bush total 10 Reviewing downtown level I workplace charging
Thank You!!!