D.DAY ENERGY13.6.2017 Making Grids Smarter A Journey from a Vision to Reality Matti Vaattovaara, Vice President, Power Grids division
Attractive markets: Energy and Fourth Industrial Revolutions The Energy Revolution The Fourth Industrial Revolution Utilities Industry Transport & Infrastructure Slide 2
Wind and solar deployment in 2015 Accelerating installation of new renewables Wind power Solar PV Global capacity 2004-2015 GW Global capacity 2004-2015 500 250 400 200 300 150 200 100 100 50 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Top 10 countries, capacity 2015 Top 10 countries, capacity 2015 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Added 2012-2015 Added 2010-2012 Total in 2010 China USA Germany India Spain UK Canada France Italy Brazil 50 GW 40 30 20 10 0 Added 2012-2015 Added 2010-2012 Total in 2010 China Germany Japan USA Italy UK France Spain India Australia Source: IRENA Statistics
Renewable energy Global installed capacity more than double by 2040 Net capacity additions 2014-2040 Europe & North America (OEDC) China 5 000 GW 4.675 GW 43%* Latin America 186 GW 771 GW M. East & Africa 320 GW 768 GW India 334 GW Southeast Asia 109 GW Japan 100 GW 4 000 3 000 2 000 1 000 1.825 GW 30%* 20% 10% 64% 3.148 GW 38%* 27% 17% 48% 29% 21% 40% Wind Solar PV Hydro Other** IEA New policies scenario Hydro Wind Solar PV Other renewables 0 6% 7% 10% 2014 2025 2040 Wind and solar amount to 50% of total renewables in 2040 Source: IRENA Statistics * Share of total power capacity ** Other include bioenergy, geothermal, CSP and marine
Power systems of the future Disruptive developments driving key changes in future grids Price history of silicon PV cells 1 Yearly demand for EV in US$ per watt Cost for lithium-ion battery packs 2 battery power 2 gigawatt hours Estimated Actual Batteries & photovoltaic Dramatic cost reduction to be continued Scalability of technologies Consumer investment across market segments accelerating developments Slide 5 1 Source: Bloomberg New Energy Finance & pv.energytrend.com 2 Source: Data compiled by Bloomberg New Energy Finance
Modularity and distributed generation What it means for the grid? There are more production entities dispersed along the power system with a major impact in the medium and low voltage grid With more production facilities a good coordination of all entities is needed for a save operation 1990: Centralized production 2014: Decentralized production Distribution grids need enhancement to cope with the new task
Follow the car through Europe: Which car, when? On the roads DC high-power charging CCS high-power ( 150 kw @400V) 2016 2017 2018 2019, 2020, CCS high-power ( 300 kw @400/800V) 500 km Audi SUV 650 (Q6) km FF 91 700 km VW SUV 500 km 500 km Porsche Mission E VW Budd-e 400 km DC fast charging CCS (50 kw @400V) DC fast charging CHAdeMO (50 kw @400V) AC fast charging (43 kw) AC charging (22 kw) AC charging (11 kw) Slide 7 120 km 110 km Nissan Leaf 1.0 Peugeot Partner Citroën C-Zero 110 km 110 km 110 km 110 km Mitsubishi Mitsubishi i-miev Peugeot ion Outlander PHEV Kia Citroën Berlingo Soul-EV 130 km Renault Zoe ZE 450 km Tesla Model S 110 km Daimler Smart ED 130 km 140 km Mercedes B250E Tesla Model S 300 km Opel Ampera-e 200 km Renault Zoe 1.1 190 km 450 VW ID 110 km km BMW i3 Focus Electric Jaguar i-pace BMW Mini E 130 km Audi BMW i3 2.0 300 km Ford Model E R8 e-tron VW e-up! Audi A2 AstonMartin VW e-golf VW e-golf 1.1 RapidE 350 km Hyundai Ioniq 110 km Hyundai e-suv Volvo EV 130 km 180 km Tesla Model 3 ccs? Nissan e-nv200 Nissan Tesla Model Y 450 km Kia Soul 450 km Renault XX Nissan Leaf 1.1 Leaf 30 ccs? ccs? ccs 450 km 40 km 150 km Tesla Model X (adapter) 300 km Honda Clarity Tesla Model S 100 km ccs? Peugeot 200 km (adapter) mid-size 130 km Renault Zoe Honda Fit 450 km Nissan Leaf 2.0 Daimler E-Smart Lucid Air 180 km Infinity LE Daimler EQ VW CUV 500 km 500 km Skoda E BMW X3 500 km icar?
Volatile power generation Wind and Solar PV: What s different? Volatility Bioenergy Geo-thermal Reservoir Hydro Run of river CSP* Solar PV onshore Wind Variability time scale seasons to generations days to years hours to years minutes to years Dispatchability full partial moderate to low Predictability high accuracy moderate moderate to low Balancing electricity supply and demand at any time is becoming more challenging given the volatility and uncertainty of wind and solar energy sources * With thermal storage. Source: IPCC 2011 and energytransition.de
Wind fleet ramp rate MW/min Volatile power generation Wind and Solar PV: What s different? Variation of the solar radiation Wind power variation Sunny day Cloudy day Source: Powerfromthesun.net Source: Statistical Analysis of a wind capacity factor in Australia With the increase of renewable energies, the system stability and supply will mainly rely on volatile generation
Inertia response capability What it means for the grid? Conventional power plants Non-synchronous generation like solar and frequency variable windmills with power electronics become the major provider of energy in the grid G J = 4 6 s The lack of a rotatory mass is missing to support the grid automatic frequency response (provided by inertia) Usual frequency control systems in the grid rely on the inertial response for primary frequency control = Wind Power = Solar PV J =??? With less rotatory mass frequency stability and control become more challenging = J = 0 -?
The evolving grid From traditional to smart grid Traditional grid Smart grid Centralized power generation One-directional power flow Generation follows load Top-down operations planning Operation based on historical experience Centralized and distributed generation Multi-directional power flow Intermittent renewable generation Consumption integrated in system operation Operation based on real time data Slide 11
The evolving grid with distributed flexibility New intelligence Wind Integration of renewables Shore-to-ship power Energy storage Communication Networks Solar Energy efficiency Grid automation Demand Response E-mobility Smart Cities Smart Home/ Buildings
REACT Combined solar inverter & battery Four independent relays to increase self-consumption Domestic load Domestic load Modbus RTU Grid meter String 1 String 2 Backup REACT METER Pgrid Grid GO-GO RELAYS GO-GO relays can be activated based on: 1. Time frames 2. Power injected into the grid ON-OFF command Electrical appliances ABB Load management Slide 13 1 December 2015
Smart homes with real time controllability of individual loads ABB The first total solution provider Slide 14 1 December 2015
Kalasatama Fiskari & Fregatti Real time monitoring and control of individual loads within homes 95 flats + 48 Electrical Vehicle charging station. ABB:n solution KNX-automation at apartments - 18 controllable loads, Electricity, hot & cold water measurements MicroSCADA/Historian gateway - For real time controls & measurement - History for trending - Interfacing with Service providers (Helen) via CIM data model ABB has already implemented KNX home automation in 100 homes, and will do further 400 homes to be completed within Q3 2017. ABB Slide 15
CIM Interface to enable standard interface for applications IEC 61968 based datamodel for Smart Devices and Demand Response ABB Slide 16 https://portal.cleen.fi/_layouts/iwxmlpublications.aspx?source=sgem&fileid=227 9
Significant digital opportunities for our customers ahead Level of digitalization Digital S-Curve Time 17 Note: relative size of industry for advanced economies Source: ABB analysis ABB end-market Other industries
ABB Slide 18