ANALYSIS OF OVERCURRENT PROTECTION RELAY SETTINGS OF A COMMERCIAL BUILDING NURUL SYAQIRAH BINTI MOHD SUFI UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

ANALYSIS OF OVERCURRENT PROTECTION RELAY SETTINGS OF A COMMERCIAL BUILDING NURUL SYAQIRAH BINTI MOHD SUFI UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA PAHANG

ANALYSIS OF OVERCURRENT PROTECTION RELAY SETTINGS OF A COMMERCIAL BUILDING NURUL SYAQIRAH BINTI MOHD SUFI This thesis is submitted as partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the Bachelor of Electrical Engineering (Hons.) (Power Systems) Faculty of Electrical & Electronics Engineering Universiti Malaysia Pahang DECEMBER 2016

SUPERVISOR S DECLARATION I hereby declare that I have checked this thesis and in my opinion, this thesis is adequate in terms of scope and quality for the award of the degree of the Bachelor Degree of Electrical Engineering (Hons.) (Power Systems). Signature : Omaraliman Name of Supervisor : OMAR BIN ALIMAN Position : LECTURER Date : 16/12/2016 iv

STUDENT S DECLARATION I hereby declare that the work in this thesis is my own except for quotations and summaries which have been duly acknowledged. The thesis has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted for award of other degree. Signature : Syaqirah Name : NURUL SYAQIRAH BINTI MOHD SUFI ID Number : EC13070 Date : 16/12/2016 v

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First of all, I would like to express my greatest gratitude to Allah S.W.T the almighty, for His help and support during the course of life and moment of truth. Alhamdulillah. I would like to extend my gratitude to many people for the successful completion of this project in due course of time. I would like to thank my supervisor for these two semesters, Mr. Omar bin Aliman for his germinal ideas, invaluable guidance, continuous encouragement and constant support in conducting this project till the end. I am truly grateful for his tolerance of my naïve mistakes and the time that he spent proofreading and correcting my mistakes. The author is thankful to the authorities and staff of the Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering for providing technical assistance and guiding throughout the work. Last but not least, I would like to thank my family, friends and those who are directly or indirectly involved in ensuring the completion of this thesis. Thank you for all the supports and encouragement. Their advice over the years has been of equal importance. vi

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page SUPERVISOR S DECLARATION STUDENT S DECLARATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT ABSTRAK TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES iv v vi vii viii ix xii xiii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Problem Statement 3 1.3 Objective 3 1.4 Scopes of the Project 3 1.5 Thesis Outline 4 1.6 Summary 5 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction 6 2.2 Fault Occurrences 6 ix

2.3 Type of Faults 7 2.4 Power System Protection 7 2.5 Protection System Components 8 2.5.1 Current Transformer 9 2.5.2 Voltage Transformer 9 2.5.3 Protection Device (Overcurrent Relay) 9 2.5.4 Circuit Breaker 12 2.6 Zones of Protection 12 2.7 Distribution System Network 13 2.7.1 Distribution Feeder Analysis 14 2.7.1.1 Load Flow Analysis 14 2.7.1.2 Short Circuit Analysis 15 2.8 Relay Setting and Coordination 15 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction 17 3.2 Flow Chart for Project Development 17 3.3 Collecting Data 18 3.3.1 Circuit Design of Commercial Building 19 3.3.2 Overcurrent Relay and Earth Fault Setting from the Commercial Building 20 3.4 Modelling Design using ETAP Software 20 3.5 Simulation of Load Flow Analysis 25 3.6 Simulation of Short Circuit Analysis 29 3.7 Overcurrent Relay Setting 32 3.7.1 Plug Setting 33 x

3.7.2 Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) 34 3.7.3 Time Setting Multiplier (TSM) 34 3.8 Relay Coordination Method 34 3.9 Summary 37 CHAPTER 4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION 4.1 Introduction 38 4.2 Load Flow Analysis 38 4.2.1 Results and Discussion of Load Flow Analysis 45 4.3 Fault Analysis 47 4.3.1 Effect of Changing Fault Location and Fault Type 56 4.3.2 Effect of Changing the Breaker Control 57 4.4 Relay Coordination 60 4.4.1 Overcurrent Relay Data of the Commercial Building 61 4.4.2 Manual Calculation 62 4.4.2.1 Plug Setting (PS) 62 4.4.2.2 Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) 63 4.4.2.3 Time Multiplier Setting (TMS) 64 4.4.3 Relay Setting in ETAP 66 4.5 Summary 75 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATION 5.1 Conclusion 76 5.2 Future Recommendation 77 REFERENCES 78 xi

LIST OF TABLES Table No. Title Page 3.1 OC and EF setting for Incoming TNB 20 3.2 OC and EF setting for Feeder to Library 20 3.3 OC and EF setting for Incoming Library 20 3.4 Modelling s Equipment 24 4.1 ETAP Branch Losses Summary Report 46 4.2 Summary Report Data of Short-Circuit Current of Normal Condition (ACB C OPEN) VS Eleven Cases of ACB 58 4.3 Fault Current of Relays 60 4.4 Parameter of Overcurrent Relays 65 4.5 Comparison Result of Manual Calculation and Star View Result 72 xii

LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. Title Page 2.1 Types of transmission line faults 7 2.2 Power System Protection Components 8 2.3 IDMT Relay of IEC 60255 Characteristic with TMS = 1 10 2.4 The zones of protection system (Primary and Back up protection) 13 2.5 The Single Line Diagram of a Simple Distribution Substation 14 3.1 Flow chart of the Project 18 3.2 The Summarized Circuit Design from the Substation 19 3.3 ETAP Software Version 12.6 21 3.4 Step 1 Create New Project 21 3.5 One-Line Diagram (Edit Mode) 22 3.6 Complete One-Line Diagram Modelling Design 22 3.7 Set up rating of equipment 23 3.8 Setting for categories 25 3.9 Loading Categories 26 3.10 Generation Categories 26 3.11 Voltage percentage of Power Grid 27 3.12 Voltage percentage for Lump Load 27 3.13 Load flow icon 28 3.14 Selection of Categories 28 3.15 Load flow Analysis 28 3.16 Summary of Load Flow Report 29 3.17 Short circuit icon 29 3.18 Display Option Icon 29 xiii

3.19 Fault Type 30 3.20 Short Circuit Report Manager 31 3.21 Short Circuit Analysis 31 3.22 The steps of Determining Overcurrent Relay Setting 32 3.23 Method of Relay Coordination 34 3.24 The selection of Primary and Backup Relay 35 3.25 Setting of Overcurrent Relay on ETAP 36 3.26 ETAP Star View 37 4.1 Load flow result for a normal condition (ACB C open) 39 4.2 Load Flow Analysis Case 1 (ACB A open) 40 4.3 Load Flow Analysis Case 2 (ACB B open) 40 4.4 Load Flow Analysis Case 3 (ACB A and ACB D open) 41 4.5 Load Flow Analysis Case 4 (ACB A and ACB E open) 41 4.6 Load Flow Analysis Case 5 (ACB A and ACB F open) 42 4.7 Load Flow Analysis Case 6 (ACB B and ACB D open) 42 4.8 Load Flow Analysis Case 7 (ACB B and ACB E open) 43 4.9 Load Flow Analysis Case 8 (ACB B and ACB F open) 43 4.10 Load Flow Analysis Case 9 (ACB C and ACB D open) 44 4.11 Load Flow Analysis Case 10 (ACB C and ACB E open) 44 4.12 Load Flow Analysis Case 11 (ACB C and ACB F open) 45 4.13 Graph of amount voltage drop of normal condition (C open) versus the 11 cases of condition of the circuit breakers 45 4.14 Short Circuit Current at Bus A 48 4.15 Short Circuit Report at Bus A 49 4.16 Short Circuit Current at Bus B 50 4.17 Short Circuit Report at Bus B 51 4.18 Short Circuit Current at Bus C 52 4.19 Short Circuit Report at Bus C 53 xiv

4.20 Short Circuit Current at Bus D 54 4.21 Short Circuit Report at Bus D 55 4.22 Short Circuit Current at Bus A, Bus B, Bus C and Bus D 56 4.23 Short-Circuit Summary Report of I"k for Bus A, Bus B, Bus C and Bus D for four different types of fault; 3-PHASE, LG, LL and LLG 57 4.24 Overcurrent Relay Setting of Real Data for Bus A and Bus B 61 4.25 Calculated real data for Normal Inverse (Type A) at TMS 0.1 61 4.26 Relay 6 operated as primary protection 66 4.27 OCR 4 is operated as backup protection 67 4.28 OCR 2 operated as back up of OCR 4 and Relay 6 67 4.29 OCR 1 operated as backup of Relay 6, OCR 4 and OCR 2 for source protection 68 4.30 Star View of primary protection Relay 6, and backup protection OCR 4, OCR 2 and OCR 1 69 4.31 Fault on Bus D 70 4.32 Star View of Relay Coordination when Fault at Bus D 71 4.33 Star View of All Relays 72 xv