FUTURE TRANSPORT SYSTEMS: E-MOBILITY, HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELLS Transportation: The Toughest Part of the Energiewende Berlin May 16, 2018 Jan Wegener Programme Manager Europe, NOW GmbH
THE GERMAN CLIMATE ACTION PLAN 2050 40 to 42 % of CO 2 -emission reductions in the transport sector by 2030 May 21, 2018 Jan Wegener 2
DEVELOPMENT OF THE TRANSPORT VOLUME Development of the transport performance, energy efficiency and the absolute energy consumption in passenger and freight transport (1995-2015) % on the basis of 2005 Petajoule Source: https://www.bmvi.de/shareddocs/de/anlage/mks/ener gie-auf-neuen-wegen.pdf? blob=publicationfile Volume of passenger transport Volume of freight transport Energy efficiency in passenger and freight transport (baseline 2005) Final energy consumption in the transport sector May 21, 2018 Jan Wegener 3
Source: https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/daten/verkehr/emissionen-des-verkehrs#textpart-1 EMISSIONS SAVINGS GAINS IN PASSENGER CARS Specific emissions passenger cars (direct emissions passenger cars / transport volume passenger cars) Index (1995 = 100 %) 100 90 87,1 % 80 70 60 50 40 30 39,6 % 28,3 % 20 13,5 % 10 1,9 % 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Carbon dioxide Particulate matter Nitrogen oxides NMVOC Sulphur dioxide May 21, 2018 Jan Wegener 4
THE CASE FOR ELECTRIC DRIVETRAINS Greenhouse gas emissions [g CO2 /km] 200 150 100 Battery electric vehicles 50 Internal combustion engines Gasoline Diesel Hybrid (Gasoline) Hybrid (Diesel) FCEV H 2 from natural gas BEV electricity (EU energy mix) Fuel cell electric vehicles Average consumption BEV and FCEV Volkswagen e-golf 47 MJ/100km Toyota Mirai 90 MJ/100km Tesla Model S BEV 100% RE electricity FCEV 100% RE-H 2 0 50 100 150 200 250 Energy consumption Well-to-Wheel [MJ/100km] Source: Studies Concawe, EUCAR, JRC und JHFC 79 MJ/100km Electric drivetrains potentially enable GHG free mobility while achieving high efficiency Even under today s conditions, electric drivetrains are unmatched in terms of emissions and energy consumption May 21, 2018 Jan Wegener 5
System costs TECHNOLOGY PER USE CASE System costs BEV / FCEV Advantage BEV Advantage FCEV Range Source: http://hydrogeneurope.eu/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/20170109-hydrogen-council-vision-document-final-hr.pdf May 21, 2018 Jan Wegener 6
NOW PARTNER OF THE GERMAN GOVERNMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY National Innovation- Programme Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Charging Infrastructure (LIS) Battery Electric Mobility (EM) Mobility and Fuels strategy Research and Development Market activation Nationwide buildup - Normal charging - Fast charging Research and Development Municipal mobility concepts Vehicle procurement Alternative fuels (efficient, low emission) Pilot projects Programme coordination und implementation, strategy, networking, visibility May 21, 2018 Jan Wegener 7
THE ROLE OF FUEL CELLS AND HYDROGEN IN TOMORROW S INTEGRATED ENERGY SYSTEM Renewable energies Power-to-X Trade & industry Logistics Industry Offices Public buildings Fuel cell H 2 -to-x Hydrogen Gas Electricity Ships Gas grid Mobility Base load FC CHP Electric grid Apartment blocks Heating Vapour FC-electric 1&2-family homes Cooling Power-to-liquid Airports Battery-electric Domestic energy supply Smart Grids : H 2 Gas Electricity Heat Refrigeration Fire safety May 21, 2018 Jan Wegener 8
GOVERNMENT PROGRAM HYDROGEN AND FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGY Government programme hydrogen and fuel cell technology 2016 to 2026 ( 1.4 bn.) Measures by the BMVI within the scope of NIP II ( 250 million until 2019) Funding guidelines of the BMVI in the course of NIP II Measures of research, development and innovation Measures of market activation Funding rates of up to 100%, depending on the respective TRL Constantly open to submissions Funding rates of 40-45% of the extra costs compared to a conventional technology Regular calls addressing different applications May 21, 2018 Jan Wegener 9
GOAL TASKS TARGETS AND STATUS OF HYDROGEN REFUELING INFRASTRUCTURE 2006-2016 until 2020 until 2025 Secure technological basis, meet conditions for ramp up Basic coverage for Germany Support market roll-out 50 stations 100 stations 400 stations INDEPENDENT OF VEHICLES DEPENDENT OF VEHICLES 43 HRS in operation May 21, 2018 Jan Wegener 10
FUNDING GUIDELINE FOR CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE ( 300 MILLION UNTIL 2020) Subject of funding Funding as a percentage Maximum funding amount Normal Charging (to 22 kw) Max. 60 % Max. 3,000 Fast Charging up to 100 kw Max. 60 % Max. 12,000 Fast Charging >100 kw Max. 60 % Max. 30,000 Low voltage grid connection Max. 60 % Max. 5,000 Medium voltage grid connection Buffer storage Max. 60 % Max. 50,000 Eligible to funding, in case of positive comparative calculation May 21, 2018 Jan Wegener 11
TARGETS AND STATUS OF RECHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE Current normal and fast charging infrastructure: 11,650 publicly accessible charging points 850 DC-fast charging points Source: bdew End of 2020 targets : 36,000 normal charging points 7,000 fast charging points May 21, 2018 Jan Wegener 12
ELECTRIC MOBILITY IN GERMANY Current status of new registrations of plug-in electric passenger cars (BEV & PHEV) BEV April 2017 Stock: 66,134 units Registrations: 3,171 units (1.01%) PHEV April 2017: Stock: 55,498 units Registrations: 2,876 units (0.84%) EV Stock: 121,998 units (0.2%) 8.000 7.000 6.000 5.000 4.000 3.000 2.000 1.000 350% 300% 250% 200% 150% 100% 50% 0% EV Sales in the US in 2017: 199,826 units 0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Change to year before in % Total no. of newly registered passenger cars Source: Kraftfahrt-Bundesamt (KBA) -50% May 21, 2018 Jan Wegener 13
FCEV REGISTRATIONS IN CALIFORNIA AND GERMANY Registration of FCEVs from December 2015 to March 2018 5000 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Total of FCEVs California End of 2015: 110 FCEVs March 2018: 4,420 FCEVs Japan: 2,161 (Oct. 2017) Germany: 355 (Mar. 2018) Hydrogen refueling stations: Cal.: 33 JP: 91 DE: 45 California Germany May 21, 2018 Jan Wegener 14
EU-POLICY LANDSCAPE REGARDING ALTERNATIVE FUELS Fuel suppliers Vehicle Manufacturers Renewable Energy Directive & Fuel Quality Directive CO 2 fleet emission standards & Type approval regulations Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Directive & Clean Vehicles Directive Administration and public procurement May 21, 2018 Jan Wegener 15
Thank you very much for your attention! Jan Wegener Programme Manager Europe NOW GmbH National Organisation Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology Fasanenstr. 5 D-10623 Berlin Germany Phone: +49 30 311 61 16-56 Mobile: +49 173 186 233 6 Fax: +49 30 311 61 16-88 Email: jan.wegener@now-gmbh.de Internet: www.now-gmbh.de
CURTAILMENT OF RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY Source: Monitoring Report of the Federal Network Agency for Electricity, Gas, Telecommunications, Post and Railway 2017 May 21, 2018 Jan Wegener 17
Grid expansion in km LAGGING GRID EXPANSION Actual state Target state Source: Sterner & Altrock (2017): Technologien und Rahmenbedingungen für eine erfolgreiche Sektorenkopplung [own translation] Year May 21, 2018 Jan Wegener 18
UPSIDES AND DRAWBACKS OF DRIVETRAIN TECHNOLOGIES Electromobility (BEV+FCEV) Internal combustion engines (ICE) and synthetic fuels Battery electric vehicles + direct use of electricity Fuel cell electric vehicles + Hydrogen (Power-to-Gas) ICE vehicle + Synthetic Methane (Power-to-Gas) ICE vehicle + Synthetic liquid fuels (Power-to-Liquid) 75 % Well-to-Wheel efficiency < 10 % 150 km Range per charge/refill > 1500 km May 21, 2018 Jan Wegener 19