Mr. Akihito TANKE Toyota Motor Europe The European Electric Vehicles Conference 2011 Brussels, 26 May 2011 Powertrain Map in Future Mobility 2 FUEL Vehicle size Small delivery vehicles EV iseries Winglet Motorcycles Electricity HVs & PHEVs with internal combustion engine Short-distance commuters Passenger cars Gasoline, diesel, bio-fuels, compressed natural gas, gas to liquids, coal to liquids, etc. FCHVS Route buses Heavy-duty trucks Delivery trucks Driving distance Hydrogen 1
Hybrid Synergy Drive 3 Class leading CO 2 level: 89 g/km, Outstanding fuel economy: 3.9 l/100km Growth of Toyota Hybrid Sales Volume 4 Total HV Sales Volume (Million) 3.0 2.0 1.0 3,000,000 HV on the market 1.0 CT200h 2.0 RX450h 3.0 Worldwide Japan 0 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Year 2
CO2 Reduction by Toyota Hybrid Vehicles 5 3.0 (Unit: Million) (Toyota estimates) 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 CO 2 emissions volume from conventional gasoline-powered vehicles of equivalent size and performance CO 2 emissions volume from HVs 18 million tonnes less CO2 Cumulative, 1997-02/2011 0.5 > 3 million gasoline hybrids cumulative sales 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 (year) Cumulative CO 2 emissions volume = No. vehicles sold X driving distance X fuel efficiency X CO 2 emissions factor TOYOTA Plug in Hybrid Electric Vehicle 6 Fuel consumption: 2.6 l/100km, EV range: up to 20 km Charging time: 90 minutes (230V, 16A) 3
TOYOTA PHEV Concept 7 Gasoline station Engine Fuel tank Motor Battery Household electrical energy or public charging post EV for commuting, Hybrid for longer drives 200 Prius PHEV s in 18 countries on trial 2010-2013 8 NO: 3 SW: 2 FIN: 3 DK: 2 IRE: 3 UK: 20 NL: 10 DE: 30 PL: 1 FRA: 100 BEL: 5 CH: 3 CZ: 1 AUS: 1 SLOV: 1 ITA: 5 PORT: 5 ESP: 5 4
PHEV project results EV Ratio 9 EV [% of time] EV range is utilised fully although users are NOT charging frequently enough to maximise the fuel consumption benefit EU Average: 32% HV Distance between 2 recharges Users spent on average 32% of time in EV mode PHEV project results Fuel Consumption 10 [%] Fuel consumption is 36% better than best in class diesel and corresponding with expectations on fuel consumption => the more frequent the charging, the lower the fuel consumption Best in class gasoline Best in class diesel FC reduction - 49% - 36% Distance between 2 recharges [km] UPHEV offers on average 36% FC reduction vs. best in class diesel 5
PHEV project results Summary 11 Vehicle Data: - PHEV offers 36% lower fuel consumption as compared to the best in class diesel, and 49% lower fuel consumption as compared to the best in class gasoline. - Large variation in fuel consumption. - On average users charge the battery after 55km of driving. - Benefits of PHEV are dependent on users behaviour. (charging frequency) Customer Feedback: - 77% perceives comfort level as high. - 70% think fuel consumption is good or very good. - 67% find the EV driving performance good & very good. - 79% think the EV range is too short. - 71% would like to select EV mode manually. Toyota iq-ev 12 Launch of small commuter EV planned for 2012 6
TOYOTA FCHV-adv Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle 13 2 vehicles in CEP Germany and increase to 5 by the end of this year TOYOTA Hybrid System Applications 14 PHEV Hybrid Technology EV FCHV Hybrid technology is applicable to any energy sources 7
Challenges - Energy Density 15 Energy density by weight (watt hours / kg) 10,000 1,000 Hydrogen Batteries CNG Gaseous fuels Hydrogen absorbing alloy Ethanol Gasoline Bio-diesel Liquid fuels Diesel Substantial R&D needed for batteries to reach levels similar to conventional energy sources 100 Lithium-ion Nickel metal 10 Lead 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 10,000 Energy density by volume (watt hours / litre) Energy density of electricity is approximately 1/50 of gasoline Challenges Cost of Batteries 16 (euro/kwh) Current level Battery cost METI* target *Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (Japan) Current battery cost is much higher than the target of METI 8
Challenges Standardization 17 Type 1 (Japan) AC-charging Type 3 (Italy) Type 2 (German) Connectors of car side High Speed Charging DC-charging CHAdeMO China DC Type 2 DC(t) Type 2 DC+ Type 1 DC+ Type2 + DC pins Type1 + DC pins Type2 + thermo sensor Challenges Clean Electricity 18 Gasoline Diesel Gasoline HV Ethanol - Sugarcane Ethanol - maize FT Diesel Fuel - Biomass FT Diesel Fuel - Coal FC - CNG Electricity - Coal FC. Electricity Nuclear. RE Comparison of Well to Whel CO2 <Gasoline as 1> JP 10-15 Mode WtT CO2 TtW CO2-1 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 Source:Mizuho Intelligence General Research Report Well to Wheel CO2 depends on energy sources 9
Challenges Charging Controls in the Grid 19 Nuclear PP Smart Community Wind PP Substation Smart interface Storage Battery ZEB LED lamp Mega PV PP Smart meter Solar thermal Wind Generator Smart house Solar panel Bio-gas Co-generator Small hydro generator Air Conditioner TV Smart parking lot Electric bus エコホ イント カーホ ンフットフ リント Charging station EV/PHEV LED Lamp Fuel cell Source: METI For customers to use vehicles without inconvenience or anxiety A coordinated solution is required in line with social energy management Toyota s Urban Mobility Vision Cross Modal Integration 20 Train BRT Bus Station Public transport network: Covering the whole city with multi modal transports Locating major city functions along the lines Real-time transport-mode select navigation Smooth guidance to public transport Convenient! Park & Ride service for people from outside Dynamic road pricing Start Transit signal priority (Smart BRT) Seamless settlement service Safe, Comfortable Goal Shared mobility for last one mile Specially designed small mobility and sharing system BRT Train Path Convenient, Efficient Seamless & stress-free station Well-designed Easy-transfer station Coordination among multi-modal transport BRT-Subway coordination Optimized On-demand coupled / uncoupled BRT Smart logistics Flexible supply control reflecting demand Out-of-town depot and cooperative transport & delivery 10
クルマ カーシェアリング タクシー バス BRT LRT 鉄道 地下鉄 ロードプライシング スマート物流 信号管制 運行情報提供 オンライン予約 一元決済 ライフログ オンデマンド広告 周辺イベント情報 気象情報 Toyota s Urban Mobility Vision Whole Picture Inflow control reflecting traffic situation Energy environmental load reduction Smooth and mutual use of car and public transit Energy environmental load reduction User Needs Punctual and speedy public transit Solving traffic jam 21 User and Social Needs Social Needs Logistics with economic efficiency and low environmental load Effective land use Solving traffic jam Shared mobility service Administrative cost reduction Free traveling Effective land use City structure / Transport system Public-transport oriented intensive city Public transport and bike lane Inflow control Comfortable and convenient traveling Energy environmental load reduction Rush-hour-free comfortable traveling Convenient last-one-mile mobility Comfortable and convenient traveling Administrative Comfortable and cost reduction convenient traveling Easy transfer points Comfortable and convenient traveling Free traveling Revitalizing city Seamless settlement service Comfortable and convenient traveling System design soliciting green city development Revitalizing city Total information service supporting safe, well-being, and comfortable traveling User friendly support and reservation service Revitalizing city 21 Administrative cost reduction Comfortable and convenient traveling Solving traffic jam Social fairness 22 Thank you for your attention 11