DATA CENTRE WORLD LONDON 12-13 TH MARCH 2019 The transformation of power systems The impact on the data center Industry Stephen Jones : Grid Edge Technology
Intelligent data needs intelligent power ABB in data centers 1 1 DEEP COMPONENT VISIBILITY 5 7 6 10 SYSTEM DESIGN & LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT 8 ELASTIC CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTU RE 9 1 2 1 SMART AUTOMATION 2 3 4 INTELLIGENT GRID CONNECTIO N 1. ABB Ability Data Center Automation and Electrical Distribution Control Systems 2. Substation design 3. Air and gas insulated switchgear 4. Transformers: LV, MV, HV 5. Transfer Switching technology 6. Monolithic and modular UPS systems 7. LV Switchgear, PSG, switchboards, breakers and Motor Control Centers 8. Power distribution unit (PDU) 9. Remote power panels (RPP) 10. Modular systems 11. Busway, cable management, and installation products 12. Service, maintenance, repairs, upgrades March 13, 2019 Slide 2
The environment A fundamental transformation of power systems and markets
ELECTRICITY HYDROGEN GAS NATURAL GAS
Complexity what does it look like? Decentralization of energy production has challenged many countries in the world 1990 Deterministic and welldefined load Bulk, centralized and well controlled Operations based on historical experience Load following control March 13, 2019 Slide 5
Complexity what does it look like? Decentralization of energy production has challenged many countries in the world 2019 Volatile and reverse power flows Distributed and weather dependent generation Operations based on real time data Demand integrated in system operations March 13, 2019 Slide 6
Power systems of the future From a few well controlled generating units to a myriad of distributed, autonomous generators and loads Yesterday Today Tomorrow Humans fully in charge Well established principles and processes No full control over generation, neither load Emergence of (some) autonomous systems More functionality given to machines Emergence of AI and its influence in processing data March 13, 2019 Slide 7
Power systems of the future From a few well controlled generating units to a myriad of distributed, autonomous generators and loads Yesterday Today Tomorrow Humans fully in charge Well established principles and processes No full control over generation, neither load Emergence of (some) autonomous systems More functionality given to machines Emergence of AI and its influence in processing data March 13, 2019 Slide 8
Power systems of the future From a few well controlled generating units to a myriad of distributed, autonomous generators and loads Yesterday Today 2019 Tomorrow Humans fully in charge Well established principles and processes No full control over generation, neither load Emergence of (some) autonomous systems More functionality given to machines Emergence of AI and its influence in processing data March 13, 2019 Slide 9
What will characterize the power systems in the future? A more complex system, integrating new technologies, new players and new ways of doing business More complexity A larger ecosystem Increasing demands New concepts Interconnected systems Highly distributed generation Broad range of connected devices from very small to highly centralised Various technologies and aspects coming together (batteries, power electronics, digitalisation, communi-cations, weather, etc.) Consumers increasing their role in the energy system Millions of legally independent actors being technically connected and requiring coordination Electrifications of other sectors, e.g. transportation, heating. Greener, more sustainable energy Openness for unforeseen new players System users still expecting affordable and reliable supply with electricity Improved power quality New services Grid users as service providers Digitalisation as enabler New division of work between transmission and distribution level Evolution of energy and power markets Peer to peer approaches New building blocks New challenges New expectations New opportunities 13 March 2019 Slide 10
What could it mean? Some examples of opportunities
Example 1: Serving increasing demand for power of data centers Opportunities for higher reliability of supply at lower cost Connecting at higher voltage levels brings: More power available Higher reliability of supply Better use of system fees Back to Back connection of asynchronous grid supplies Additional advantages of HVDC Voltage and frequency control Improved power quality Black-start capability Island / synchronous / asynchronous modes March 13, 2019 Slide 12
Discharge time [min] Example 2: Benefitting from rapid development in storage solutions Storage systems may become a building block for backup power and services to the electricity market 1000 Pumped-hydro 1000 10 h Energy 300 300 Flow battery / emerging technologies 100 30 Lead acid battery 100 30 End user peak shaving Load levelling (generation utilization) 1 h Lithium ion battery 10 Super-capacitor / flywheel 10 100 kw 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW 1000 MW 100 kw 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW 1000 MW Power requirement [MW] Power requirement [MW] Traditional technologies and applications 10 min Power March 13, 2019 Slide 13
Discharge time [min] Example 2: Benefitting from rapid development in storage solutions Storage systems may become a building block for backup power and services to the electricity market 1000 Sodium Sulfur battery 1000 Renewable integration 10 h Energy 300 300 100 Flow battery / emerging technologies 100 1 h 30 10 Lithium ion battery 100 kw 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW Power requirement [MW] 1000 MW Frequency regulation New technologies supporting new applications 30 10 100 kw 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW 1000 MW Power requirement [MW] 10 min Power March 13, 2019 Slide 14
Discharge time [min] Example 2: Benefitting from rapid development in storage solutions Storage systems may become a building block for backup power and services to the electricity market 1000 300 100 30 10 Sodium Sulfur battery Flow battery / emerging technologies Lead acid battery Lithium ion battery Super-capacitor / flywheel Pumped hydro 100 kw 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW Power requirement [MW] 1000 MW End user peak shaving Renewable integration Frequency regulation Load levelling (generation utilization) 90%+ of all load support application covered by a mix of all technologies 1000 300 100 30 10 100 kw 1 MW 10 MW 100 MW 1000 MW Power requirement [MW] 10 h 1 h 10 min Energy Power March 13, 2019 Slide 15
Example 3: Benefitting from new service offerings Virtual power plants are evolving as response to an increasingly distributed world Customer: Next Kraftwerke a rapidly growing start-up in Germany Remote management of more than 4.800 distributed units with 3,4 GW of installed capacity 1 Optimal power dispatching to turn the plants into a Virtual Power Plant Intraday energy planning using integration with power forecasting system Provides balance power support to all transmission system operators in Germany (40 MW primary, 761 MW secondary and 813 tertiary reserve) We are thinking in bits and watts. We are using latest possibilities of digitalization for connecting thousands of power producers and consumers in our virtual power plant. 2 March 13, 2019 Slide 16 1 all figures as of September 2017 2 Hendrik Sämisch, founder and Managing Director
Summary and conclusions
Summary The energy sector experiences a tremendous transformation resulting in new opportunities for users New building blocks 1 Power generation is becoming highly distributed Rapidly evolving technologies, such as solar PV, batteries, power electronics New challenges 2 Variable feed-in from renewable sources New users, such as e-mobility and heating/cooling New expectations New opportunities 3 4 Demand for green energy / reducing C02 Affordable and reliable supply with energy New business models and service offerings are evolving Now opportunities for data centers to cover their demand and to create additional revenue streams by offering their assets to the electricity markets March 13, 2019 Slide 18