Cylinder Condition. What will the future bring. 07 November PDF Free Download

Cylinder Condition What will the future bring 07 November 2018 1

What is ahead Different choice, different solutions. Exhaust gas Cleaning (EGC) SOx scrubber? Fuel: 0.1 to 4+% Cyl oil : BN25 & BN140 Cyl condition focus: Cold corrosion Ring wear Liner wear 2020 Fuel? Fuel: 0.1 to 0.5% Cyl oil : BN40 Cyl condition focus: Detergency Minimise liner polish Liner scuffing Duel fuel? ME-GI or ME-LGI Operate the engine on LNG, ethane, methanol or LPG 07 November 2018 2

The future Marine emission regulation We are here Fuel Sulphur Content (Equivalent) [%] 4,5 4 3,5 3 2,5 2 All vessels (old and new) General Scrubbers 1,5 1 0,5 in ECAs 0 NO x [g/kwh] 17.0 Tier I TierII Tier III Only newbuildings US-ECA in ECAs N-EU-ECA 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 14.4 07 November 2018 3 3.4

Methanol Biofuel LPG Influencing Factors on Fuel Choice CAPEX and OPEX Fuel price Legislation Fuel choice Distillates Heavy fuel ULSFO LNG Ethane Sustainability of fuels Flexibility (dual fuel) Logistics 07 November 2018 4

Bunker Fuel Price $/MT 1.200 Bunker Fuel Price $/MT 1.000 800 MGO (Rotterdam) Guestimate 600 400 HFO (Rotterdam) 0.5%S fuel 200 DIFF: MGO - HFO 0 May Jan Sept May Jan Sept May Jan Sept May Jan Sept May Jan Sept May Jan Sept May Jan Sept May Jan Sept May Jan Sept May Jan Sept May Jan Sept May Jan Sept May Jan Sept May Jan 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Source: Bunkerindex 2020 07 November 2018 5

Viscosity distribution of RMG380 with S% 1.1 Data from Lloyds Register FOBAS Viscosity, cst at 50 C 320.1 380: 72% of the samples 180.1 320: 16% of the samples 180 or lower: 1.2% of the samples Over specified limit 380.1 400: 9% of the samples 400.1 877: 1.1% of the samples Evaluation and interpretation of the data are made by MAN ES 07 November 2018 7

Expected viscosity distribution of future 0.50% S fuels Expected future 0.50% S fuels Data from 2017 (FOBAS) 07 November 2018 8

Density distribution of RMG380 with S% 1.1 Density kg/m 3 975.1-991 86% of the samples 975 or lower 12% of the samples Over specified limit 991.1-1010 2.5% of the samples 1010.1 or higher 0.01% of the samples Evaluation and interpretation of the data are made by MAN ES. 07 November 2018 9

Expected density distribution of future 0.50% S fuels Expected future 0.50% S fuels Data from 2017 (FOBAS) 07 November 2018 10

Fuel type characteristics Density @ 15 C kg/m3 Highly parafinic + high Pour point HFO aromatic type Don t mix Distillate (DMA) + low Pour point Kin. Viscosity @ 50 C, cst 07 November 2018 11

Cat fines - paper Impact on engine wear and how to reduce the wear Link to paper: https://marine.manes.com/marketingpublications/catfines-paper 07 November 2018 12

What is ahead Different choice, different solutions. SOx scrubber? Fuel: 0.1 to 4+% Cyl oil : BN25 & BN140 Cyl. conditon focus: Cold corrosion! Ring wear Liner wear 2020 Fuel? Fuel: 0.1 to 0.5% Cyl oil : BN40 Cyl. condition focus: Detergency Minimise liner polish Liner scuffing SameAs To Day 07 November 2018 13

What fuel will be used in 2020 and beyond? High sulphur fuel Compliant fuel MC/ME/-C engine 0.5-5%S fuels: HFO/MDO + Scrubber MC/ME/-C engine Single Fuel: 0.1%S fuel, 0.5%S fuel ME-GI / ME-LGI engine Dual Fuel: LNG, Ethane, LPG, MeOH 07 November 2018 14

Scrubbers High sulphur fuel MAN Energy Solutions is not a SOX scrubber maker. SOX scrubber maker and the shipowner must handle the SOX scrubber layout/egc system, installation arrangement, vessel installation interfaces, and SOX emission compliance plan. MC/ME/-C engine 0.5-5%S fuels: HFO/MDO + Scrubber MAN PrimeServ offers a SOX scrubber retrofit package with recommendations on the turbocharger re-matching parts as well as related re-certification work for the engine modifications carried out and approval with relevant classification societies. 07 November 2018 15

Cold Corrosion Quick intro Cold Corrosion occur when the water vapour in the fumes condensate on the liner wall and form sulphuric acid High Wear from CC occur when the high BN additives in the cylinder oil cannot stop the corrosion of the liner wall The oxidised metal is scraped of by the piston rings. In case there is cat.- fines in the fuel this may accelerate the wear. 07 November 2018 16

Cold Corrosion The solutions LDCL System RDL Liners Cylinder Oil 07 November 2018 17

Cold Corrosion Cylinder Liner Cooling Traditional Traditional Liner Cooling. Same water amount for liner and cover Full flow in the cooling pipes 07 November 2018 18

Cold Corrosion Cylinder Liner Cooling LDCL LDCL Liner Cooling. Separate water amount for liner and cover Temperature of the liner cooling water can be increased during part load 07 November 2018 19

Cold Corrosion Cylinder Liner Cooling Rating Dependent (RDL) RDL Cooling. Separate number of cooling bores for High Medium and low MEP Different angel of machining for High, Medium and Low MEP CANNOT BE COMBINED WITH JBB LOW MEP HIGH MEP 16 Pipes 22 Pipes 1780 MCR 1780 1510 1510 MCR 1420 1420 1210 I I 1210 I I 99 117 99 117 07 November 2018 20

Cold Corrosion RD Liners A new Rating dependant liner is designed so as the temperature is the same as at high rating. Focus is in the upper part of the liner (first 300mm). L1Liner RDL Liner 07 November 2018 21

Cylinder oil controlling cold corrosion 140 + 100 40 70 16 16 25 + + 07 November 2018 22

Suppliers Choose the right cylinder oil Chevron 140 BN Cylinder Oils Taro Sp. HTULTRA SK Lubricants SK Supermar Cyl 140 Shell Shell Alexia 140 Exxon Mobile MobilGuard 5145 (145 BN) TOTAL Talusia HR 140 BP / Castrol Cyltech 140 Gulf Oil Marine GulfSea Cylcare 50140X 140 Sinopec Sinopec Marine 50140 Please see SL2018-663/JUSV 07 November 2018 23

Suppliers Choose the right cylinder oil Please see SL2018-663/JUSV 07 November 2018 24

Cylinder oil controlling cold corrosion 07 November 2018 25

Cylinder oil controlling cold corrosion Iron (Fe) Total [mg/kg] Bore Bore Bore 26-50 60-70 80-98 250 375 50 0 200 150 300 225 40 0 Danger Do not operate in this area 100 150 30 0 Alert Area, adjustment may beneeded 50 75 20 0 Safe Area Risk of linerpolish 0 0 100 % of nominalbn 0 25BN 0 2.5 5 7.5 10 12.5 15 17.5 Drain Oil 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 0 7 14 21 28 35 42 49 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 7 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 7 0 14 28 42 56 70 84 0 98 07 November 2018 26 40BN 70BN 100BN 140BN

Drain Oil Evaluation Laboratory 07 November 2018 27

Service Experience Cylinder Condition 12S90ME-C9.2TII BN 100 Cyl. Oil Sweep showed a need for a FRF of 0.28 [g/kwh x %S] BN 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 average 51.9 55.3 48.4 5 50.7 50.4 55.1 52.4 53.0 54.2 54.0 52.6 52.4 46.1 50.2 41.9 44.2 45.0 45.5 48.7 50.5 49.7 48.3 48.5 45.7 47.0 34.7 41.6 32.4 35.6 36.2 36.5 37.2 39.8 38.4 37.4 37.4 34.9 36.8 23.5 28.7 22.0 23.9 28.8 26.1 23.9 25.1 24.6 25.4 24.4 22.5 24.9 8.2 18.5 8.4 12.0 11.4 13.3 10.3 8.8 7.3 11.1 8.6 10.2 10.7 FE 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 average 39 63 40 39 42 37 42 40 39 79 43 50 46.1 45 73 44 46 45 43 51 48 44 101 50 62 54.3 63 127 53 53 60 51 69 69 63 188 73 96 80.4 124 333 94 72 91 73 219 159 132 424 183 224 177.3 526 1291 452 236 403 302 1122 630 666 1673 931 896 760.7 07 November 2018 28

Cylinder oil How Drain Oil data is used Note.: Feed Rate Factor (FRF) Fe & BN values are different for all engines, below values is a Theoretic example and not general for all engines. Ship Delivery 27/03/2017 SWEEP TEST RESULT FRF ADJUSTED START 5 DaySWEEP 03/08/2017 Drain Oil RESULT show to high Fe 01/02/2017 01/03/2017 01/ 04/2017 01/05/2017 01/06 /2017 01/07/2017 01/08/2017 01/09/2017 01/10/2017 01/11/2017 01/12/2017 01/01/2018 01/02/2018 10/01 /2017 FRF = 0.40 FRF = 0.33 FRF = 0.36 FRF = 0.34 01/03/2018 07 November 2018 29

Drain Oil Evaluation Onboard TOTAL Fe (MDT RECORMENDATION) Magnetic Fe + = NON Magnetic Fe 07 November 2018 30

Drain Oil Evaluation Onboard Kittywake Parker FWM Exxon Mobile MSA TOTAL Fe Magnetic Fe Shell Analex Kittywake Parker Liner Scan MFT, SEAMATE CMT Total FeTest Kittywake Parker CC test kit NON Magnetic Fe Chevron DotFast 07 November 2018 31

Onboard Vs. Onshore On board testing to be used as Red light / Green light. Samples can be taken more frequent every week, and when switching fuel. Lab analysis to be used for feed rate adjustment Take on board measurement every 2 weeks, and send samples ashore every month. 07 November 2018 32

Cylinder oil controlling cold corrosion Cylinder oil dosage must be controlled according to the fuel Sulphur to control the cold corrosion Fuel Sulphur g/kwh 0.0 0.10 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 0.20 2 6 0.70 0.21 1 5 9 0.74 0.22 4 8 0.73 0.77 0.23 2 7 0.71 0.76 0.81 0.24 5 0.70 0.74 0.79 0.84 0.25 3 8 0.73 0.78 0.83 0.88 0.26 5 0.70 0.75 0.81 0.86 0.91 0.27 2 8 0.73 0.78 0.84 0.89 0.95 0.28 4 0.70 0.76 0.81 0.87 0.92 0.98 0.29 1 7 0.73 0.78 0.84 0.90 0.96 1.02 0.30 3 9 0.75 0.81 0.87 0.93 0.99 1.05 0.31 5 0.71 0.78 0.84 0.90 0.96 1.02 1.09 0.32 1 7 0.74 0.80 0.86 0.93 0.99 1.06 1.12 0.33 3 9 0.76 0.83 0.89 0.96 1.02 1.09 1.16 0.34 5 0.71 0.78 0.85 0.92 0.99 1.05 1.12 1.19 0.35 7 0.74 0.81 0.88 0.95 1.02 1.09 1.16 1.23 0.36 1 8 0.76 0.83 0.90 0.97 1.04 1.12 1.19 1.26 0.37 3 0.70 0.78 0.85 0.93 1.00 1.07 1.15 1.22 1.30 0.38 5 0.72 0.80 0.87 0.95 1.03 1.10 1.18 1.25 1.33 0.39 6 0.74 0.82 0.90 0.98 1.05 1.13 1.21 1.29 1.37 0.40 8 0.76 0.84 0.92 1.00 1.08 1.16 1.24 1.32 1.40 07 November 2018 33

Cylinder oil controlling cold corrosion Example: Feed Rate Factor (ACC) and fuel Sulphur of 2.7 % Cylinder oil dosage must be 1.03 g/kwh Fuel Sulphur g/kwh 0.0 0.10 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 0.20 06 2 6 0.70 0.21 06 1 5 9 0.74 0.22 06 4 8 0.73 0.77 0.23 0. 7 0.71 0.76 0.81 0.24 0. 0.70 0.74 0.79 0.84 0.25 3 0. 0.73 0.78 0.83 0.88 0.26 5 0. 0.75 0.81 0.86 0.91 0.27 2 8 0. 0.78 0.84 0.89 0.95 0.28 4 0.70 0. 0.81 0.87 0.92 0.98 0.29 1 7 0.73 0. 0.84 0.90 0.96 1.02 0.30 3 9 0.75 0. 0.87 0.93 0.99 1.05 0.31 5 0.71 0.78 0. 0.90 0.96 1.02 1.09 0.32 1 7 0.74 0.80 0. 0.93 0.99 1.06 1.12 0.33 3 9 0.76 0.83 0. 0.96 1.02 1.09 1.16 0.34 5 0.71 0.78 0.85 0. 0.99 1.05 1.12 1.19 0.35 7 0.74 0.81 0.88 0. 1.02 1.09 1.16 1.23 0.36 1 8 0.76 0.83 0.90 0. 1.04 1.12 1.19 1.26 0.37 3 0.70 0.78 0.85 0.93 1.00 1.07 1.15 1.22 1.30 0.38 5 0.72 0.80 0.87 0.95 1. 03 1.10 1.18 1.25 1.33 0.39 6 0.74 0.82 0.90 0.98 1.05 1.13 1.21 1.29 1.37 0.40 8 0.76 0.84 0.92 1.00 1.08 1.16 1.24 1.32 1.40 07 November 2018 34

Cylinder oil controlling cold corrosion Example: Feed Rate Factor (ACC) and fuel Sulphur of 2.1 % Cylinder oil dosage must be 0.80 g/kwh Fuel Sulphur g/kwh 0.0 0.10 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.30 06. 06. 06. 06. 06. 06. 06. 06. 06. 0. 6 0. 1 2 4 7 9 3 5 8 0.70 0.73 0.75 2 5 8 0.70 0.73 0.76 0.78 0.81 1 4 7 0.70 0.73 0.75 0.78 0.81 0.84 0.87 2 5 8 0.71 0.74 0.78 0.81 0.84 0.87 0.90 0.93 6 9 0.73 0.76 0.79 0.83 0.86 0.89 0.92 0.96 0.99 0.70 0.74 0.77 0.81 0.84 0.88 0.91 0.95 0.98 1.02 1.05 0.31 0. 6 0.71 0.78 0.84 0.90 0.96 1.02 1.09 3 0.32 1 0. 0.74 0.80 0.86 0.93 0.99 1.06 1.12 6 0.33 3 0. 0.76 0.83 0.89 0.96 1.02 1.09 1.16 5 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.37 1 3 5 7 8 0.70 0. 6 0. 7 0. 6 0.78 9 0.78 0.81 0.83 0.85 0.85 0.88 0.90 0.93 0.92 0.95 0.97 1.00 0.99 1.02 1.04 1.07 1.05 1.09 1.12 1.15 1.12 1.16 1.19 1.22 1.19 1.23 1.26 1.30 0.38 5 0. 72 0. 80 7 1 0.87 0.95 1.03 1.10 1.18 1.25 1.33 0.39 6 0.74 0.82 0.90 0.98 1.05 1.13 1.21 1.29 1.37 0.40 8 0.76 0.84 0.92 1.00 1.08 1.16 1.24 1.32 1.40 07 November 2018 35

What is ahead Different choice, different solutions. SOx scrubber? Fuel: 0.1 to 4+% Cyl oil : BN25 & BN140 Cyl con fokus: Cold corrosion! Ring wear Liner wear 2020 Fuel? Fuel: 0.1 to 0.5% Cyl oil : BN40 Cyl con fokus: Detergency Minimise liner polish Liner scuffing 07 November 2018 37

Expected density distribution of future 0.50% S fuels 2020 Challenge: When the density changes from e.g. high to lower, the gravity disc must be changed in older separators - when switching between batches. If gravity disc doesn t fit with the fuel in use, the fuel will either not be cleaned from water, or the fuel will be let to the drain? Solution: Be aware of the density of the fuels: in-use and next batch If necessary change the gravity disc 07 November 2018 38

Expected viscosity distribution of future 0.50% S fuels 2020 Challenge: When the viscosity distribution is more evenly divided within the same ISO 8217 grade (e.g. RMG380), two different fuel batches from the same grade may have different viscosity. Fuels with different viscosity must be heated to different temperatures to reach the same viscosity. Solution: The fuel system will experience temperature change more often - when switching between batches. If temperature and viscosity is not controlled correct: A lower viscosity fuel may be heated too high, making the viscosity too low, which may lead to seizures in the engine fuel pump. A higher viscosity fuel may not be heated sufficient, making the viscosity too high, which may lead to insufficient atomisation of the fuel and possible bad combustion. Make sure the viscorater is working - and set to max. 2 cst/min. 07 November 2018 39

Testing new 0.50%S fuel for 2020 Testing new types of fuel, we recommend to do lab analysis as follows: 1. ISO 8217-2017: All parameters 2. Cold flow properties: important for both residual and distillate grades: a. Pour point (ISO 3016) b. Cloud point (ISO 3015) c. Cold filter plugging point (45 µm filter, 60 sec., ASTM D6371 or see ISO 8217-2017) 3. Stability within the fuel and compatibility to other fuels should also be investigated. E.g. TSE/TSP/TSA (ISO 10307-1/2) 4. ECN analysis (IP 541/06) This analysis will give indication on combustion properties 5. Boiling curve (ASTM D1160) This analysis will give indication on composition of the fuel 6. Elements: H, C, N, S, O in m/m%. E.g. ASTM D5291, ASTM D5762, ASTM D4294 07 November 2018 40

Service testing new 0.50%S fuel for 2020 Service testing new types of fuel, we recommend to do as follows: 1. Take samples of fuel on board and send for analysis a. 0.50% S fuel b. High-S fuel c. <0.10%S fuel: Distillate or other fuel type 2. Do spot testing on board (ASTM D4740) a. 0.50%S fuel alone b. High-S fuel alone c. 0.50%S fuel vs high-s fuel: 50-50 (and 80-20 and 20-80) d. 0.50%S fuel vs distillate: 50-50 (and 80-20 and 20-80) 3. Cylinder lube drain oil from operation on: a. 0.50%S fuel b. High-S fuel 4. Scavenge port inspection a. Before start of test b. After test Don t mix Viscosity Density Empty tanks 5. Inspect Observe - take note on the fuel system during the 0.50%S testing a. Separators b. Filters c. Drains d. Tanks e. Fuel pumps f. More? 6. Make performance evaluation. Operation on: a. High-S fuel b. <0.10%S fuel c. 0.50% S fuel 07 November 2018 41

We can learn from the 0.10% SECA ULSFO < 0.10% Sulphur There are a range of different types fuels. These are not distillate types, rather new blends or types. Service letter SL2014-593 General characteristics are: Higher viscosity than distillate Some contain cat fines (Al+Si) Some have high pour points Compatibility with other fuels may also be an issue. 07 November 2018 42

2020 -> Solutions, Fuel tanks Pre 2020: Few big fuel tanks Post 2020: Multiple smaller fuel tanks 07 November 2018 43

Summary Future fuels 1. Max. 0.1% S fuels a. Distillate b. ULSFO-RM -> 0.50% S fuel? 2. Max. 0.5% S fuels a. Very diverse properties b. Challenges similar to ULSFO-RM -> Try to use an ULSFO-RM to gain experience 3. High-S fuels a. Up to 4.5-5% S 4. Alternative fuels a. LNG b. Methanol, LPG, Ethane, biofuel, 5. Cat fines (Al+Si) are and will be in the fuels and they have to be removed. Service Letters: SL2014-587 SL2014-593 SL2015-663 SL2016-633 SL2017-638 SL2018-659 07 November 2018 44

Cylinder Oil 07 November 2018 45

Cylinder Condition Actual Ship Running Distillate Open Examples of Liner surface Cat. Fines Party closed Closed with seizers Polished surface lead to smeared Surface 07 November 2018 46

Cylinder Condition Piston ring for ULS Service Letter SL2016-633 Introducing Full cermet coated ring packs for ULS operations (ME-C-GI). Note: Engine in service: Evaluate cylinder liner surface before mounting Cermet Coated Ring. It can be refreshed by Wave-cut grinding 07 November 2018 47 Note: below 50 bore: Cermet coated rings will be of CPR type, not POP

Cylinder Condition Piston ring for ULS Just issued SL2018-569/JAP NEW Service Letter conserning 0.5% fuel operation. Apply Cermet coated rings Note: Engine in service: Evaluate cylinder liner surface before mounting Cermet Coated Ring. It can be refreshed by Wave-cut grinding 07 November 2018 48 Note: below 50 bore: Cermet coated rings will be of CPR type, not POP

Cylinder Condition Piston ring for ULS 07 November 2018 49

Cylinder oil controlling cold corrosion 07 November 2018 50

Cylinder oil controlling cold corrosion When Operating on Low Sulphur fuel, cold corrosion will not be a major issue (- Sulphur) 07 November 2018 51

Cylinder oil controlling cold corrosion Cold Corrosion is dismissed when using 0.5% Sulphur The new challenge is to keep the pistons clean (Detergency) 07 November 2018 52

Cylinder oil controlling cold corrosion FRF 1.00 BN40 FRF 0.40 BN100 Cylinder oil Feed Rate Factor (ACC) are to be adjusted according to the BN in the oil FRF and BN 17 25 40 70 100 140 1.18 0.80 0.50 0.29 0.20 0.14 1.29 0.88 0.55 0.31 0.22 0.16 1.41 0.96 0 0.34 0.24 0.17 1.53 1.04 5 0.37 0.26 0.19 1.65 1.12 0.70 0.40 0.28 0.20 1.76 1.20 0.75 0.43 0.30 0.21 1.88 1.28 0.80 0.46 0.32 0.23 2.00 1.36 0.85 0.49 0.34 0.24 2.12 1.44 0.90 0.51 0.36 0.26 2.24 1.52 0.95 0.54 0.38 0.27 2.35 1.60 1.00 0.57 0.40 0.29 Same engine two different oils 07 November 2018 53

Cylinder oil controlling cold corrosion Cylinder oil Feed Rate Factor (ACC) are to be adjusted according to the BN in the oil FRF and BN 17 25 40 70 100 140 1.18 0.80 0.50 0.29 0.20 0.14 1.29 0.88 0.55 0.31 0.22 0.16 1.41 0.96 0 0.34 0.24 0.17 1.53 1.04 5 0.37 0.26 0.19 1.65 1.12 0.70 0.40 0.28 0.20 1.76 1.20 0.75 0.43 0.30 0.21 1.88 1.28 0.80 0.46 0.32 0.23 2.00 1.36 0.85 0.49 0.34 0.24 2.12 1.44 0.90 0.51 0.36 0.26 2.24 1.52 0.95 0.54 0.38 0.27 2.35 1.60 1.00 0.57 0.40 0.29 Same engine two different oils 07 November 2018 54

High BN Vs Low BN low BN cyl oil & Gas / HFO operation After 10 days on high BN cyl oil and LNG / HFO Opertion P2 Port side Unit #3 P2 Port side Unit #3 P1 Stbd side Unit #2 P1 Stdb side Unit #2 07 November 2018 55

Cylinder oil Cylinder oil system Secondary cylinder oil 100BN? Primary cylinder oil 40BN Typical setup of storage and service tanks on-board a ship 07 November 2018 56

What is ahead Different choice, different solutions. Summery. o When ordering engines for Scrubber application, the engine must be fitted with anti Cold Corrosion measures (RD Liners + LDCL system. o Cylinder oil to be used: High BN 100BN + o Think about cylinder oil mixing (ACOM) for greater variation of the Cylinder oil BN o Used Cylinder oil Drain oil data is key of keeping the cold corrosion under control. o Operating on very low sulphur fuel 0.5% will increase the risk of liner polish, and may lead to liner scuffing. o Cermet coated piston rings are introduced. o Cylinder lubrication, detergency. 07 November 2018 57

Disclaimer All data provided in this document is non-binding. This data serves informational purposes only and is especially not guaranteed in anyway. Depending on the subsequent specific individual projects, the relevant data may be subject to changes and will be assessed and determined individually for each project. This will depend on the particularcharacteristics of each individual project, especially specific site and operational conditions. 07 November 2018 58

Thank you very much! 07 November 2018 59

Cylinder Condition. What will the future bring. 07 November 2018