ISBN 0-626-18752-4 SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Automotive diesel fuel Published by Standards South Africa 1 dr lategan road groenkloof private bag x191 pretoria 0001 tel: 012 428 7911 fax: 012 344 1568 international code + 27 12 www.stansa.co.za Standards South Africa
Table of changes Change No. Date Scope Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee StanSA SC 5140.07A, Steering committee for petroleum products, biofuels and lubricants Petrol and diesel fuel, in accordance with procedures of Standards South Africa, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This standard was published in December 2006. This edition cancels and replaces edition 3.3 (SANS 342:2005). Annexes A and B form an integral part of this standard. Annex C is for information only. A reference is made in the note to clause 1 and table 1 to "regulations". In South Africa this means the regulations regarding Petroleum Products Specifications and Standards promulgated in terms of the Petroleum Product Act, 1977 (Act No. 120 of 1977).
Contents Page Foreword 1 Scope... 3 2 Normative references... 3 3 Definitions... 5 4 Requirements... 6 4.1 General... 6 4.2 Biodiesel blending... 6 4.3 Storage stability... 6 5 Inspection and methods of test... 6 5.1 Inspection... 6 5.2 Methods of test... 6 6 Packing and marking... 6 6.1 Packing... 6 6.2 Marking... 8 Annex A (normative) Notes to purchasers... 9 Annex B (normative) Sampling and compliance with this standard 9 Annex C (informative) Quality verification of automotive diesel fuel... 10 Bibliography......10 1
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Automotive diesel fuel 1 Scope This standard specifies two grades of automotive diesel fuel (low sulphur grade and standard grade) suitable for use in compression-ignition engines, including high-speed engines. NOTE Some of the requirements contained in this standard are identical to those prescribed by regulations (see foreword) for fuel quality. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. All normative documents are subject to revision and, since any reference to a normative document is deemed to be a reference to the latest edition of that document, parties to agreements based on this document are encouraged to take steps to ensure the use of the most recent editions of the normative documents indicated below. Information on currently valid national and international standards may be obtained from Standards South Africa. ASTM D86, Standard test method for distillation of petroleum products at atmospheric pressure. ASTM D93, Standard test methods for flash-point by Pensky-Martens closed cup tester. ASTM D95, Standard test method for water in petroleum products and bituminous materials by distillation. ASTM D130, Standard test method for corrosiveness to copper from petroleum products by copper strip test. ASTM D445, Standard test method for kinematic viscosity of transparent and opaque liquids (and the calculation of dynamic viscosity). ASTM D482, Standard test method for ash from petroleum products. ASTM D524, Standard test method for Ramsbottom carbon residue of petroleum products. ASTM D613, Standard test method for Cetane Number of diesel fuel oil. ASTM D976, Standard test methods for calculated cetane index of distillate fuels. ASTM D2274, Standard test method for oxidation stability of distillate fuel oil (accelerated method). ASTM D2622, Standard test method for sulfur in petroleum products by wavelength dispersive X- ray fluorescence spectrometry. 3
ASTM D4052, Standard test method for density and relative density of liquids by digital density meter. ASTM D4057, Standard practice for manual sampling of petroleum and petroleum products. ASTM D4177, Standard practice for automatic sampling of petroleum and petroleum products. ASTM D4294, Standard test method for sulfur in petroleum and petroleum products by energydispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry. ASTM D4377, Standard test method for water in crude oils by potentiometric Karl Fischer titration. ASTM D4737, Standard test method for calculated Cetane Index by four variable equation. ASTM D5453, Standard test method for determination of total sulfur in light hydrocarbons, motor fuels and oils by ultraviolet fluorescence. ASTM D6304, Standard test method for determination of water in petroleum products, lubricating oils, and additives by coloumetric Karl Fischer titration. CEC F-A-96, Measurement of Diesel Fuel Lubricity (HFRR fuel lubricity tester). EN 12662, Liquid petroleum products Determination of contamination in middle distillates. IP 4, Petroleum products Determination of ash. IP 14, Petroleum products Determination of carbon residue Ramsbottom method. IP 34, Determinations of flash point Pensky-Martens closed cup method. IP 41, Petroleum products Determination of the ignition quality of diesel fuels Cetane engine method. IP 71, Section 1: Petroleum products Transparent and opaque liquids Determination of kinematic viscosity and calculation of dynamic viscosity. IP 71, Section 2: Petroleum products Glass capillary kinematic viscometers Specifications and operating instructions. IP 74, Petroleum products and bituminous materials Determination of water Distillation method. IP 123, Petroleum products Determination of distillation characteristics at atmospheric pressure. IP 154, Corrosiveness to copper Copper strip method. IP 160, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products Laboratory determination of density Hydrometer method. IP 309, Diesel and domestic heating fuels Determination of cold filter plugging point. IP 336, Petroleum products Determination of sulfur content Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence method. IP 356, Crude petroleum - Determination of water - Potentiometric Karl Fischer titration method. 4
IP 365, Crude petroleum and petroleum products Determination of density Oscillating U-tube method. IP 388, Petroleum products Determination of the oxidation stability of middle-distillate fuels. IP 440, Liquid petroleum products - Determination of contamination in middle distillates. ISO 3675, Crude petroleum and liquid petroleum products Laboratory determination of density or relative density Hydrometer method. ISO 12156-1, Diesel fuel Assessment of lubricity using the high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) Part 1: Test method. ISO 12937, Petroleum products Determination of water Coulometric Karl Fischer titration method. SANS 1518, Transport of dangerous goods - Design requirements for road vehicles and portable tanks. SANS 1935, Automotive biodiesel fuel. SANS 10229-1, Transport of dangerous goods - Packaging and large packaging for road and rail transport Part 1: Packaging. SANS 10232-1 (SABS 0232-1), Transport of dangerous goods Emergency information systems Part 1: Emergency information system for road transport. SANS 10233 (SABS 0233), Transportation of dangerous goods Intermediate bulk containers. 3 Definitions For the purposes of this standard, the following definitions apply. 3.1 acceptable acceptable to the authority administering this standard, or to the parties concluding the purchase contract, as relevant 3.2 additive compound added to diesel fuel to improve either the performance of the diesel fuel or its storage stability or both 3.3 ASTM method test method published by the ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959 USA. <http://www.astm.org> 3.4 CEC method test method published by the CEC (Co-ordinating European Council), <http://www.cectests.org> 3.5 IP method test method published by the Energy Institute, 61 New Cavendish Street, London W1G 7AR, UK. <http://www.energyinst.org.uk> 5
4 Requirements 4.1 General 4.1.1 The fuel shall be of either standard grade or low sulphur grade. 4.1.2 Both fuel grades shall be hydrocarbon distillate fuels to which additives could have been added to improve their performance or their storage stability characteristics (or both). 4.1.3 The fuel shall comply with the relevant requirements given in table 1 and table 2, and shall be clear and free from visible water, sediment, suspended matter and any other contaminant that can cause malfunctioning of equipment designed to use this type of fuel. 4.2 Biodiesel blending Where the fuel is blended with biodiesel, the biodiesel shall not be more than 5 % volume fraction of the total blend (see table 1). The biodiesel used in such blends shall comply with SANS 1935. 4.3 Storage stability After storage under conventional storage conditions for a period of 12 months after date of receipt, both fuel grades shall still comply with the requirements given in table 1 and table 2. When both fuel grades are to be stored for longer periods, the stability over a period exceeding 12 months shall be as agreed upon (see annex A). 5 Inspection and methods of test 5.1 Inspection Inspect the containers taken in accordance with B.1.3 for compliance with all the relevant requirements of the standard for which tests to assess compliance are not given in column 2 of table 1 and in column 2 of table 2. 5.2 Methods of test 5.2.1 For all properties, use the applicable method (or, when relevant, one of the applicable methods) listed in column 3 of table 1 and in column 3 of table 2. Unless otherwise specified in the test method concerned, all samples for test shall be taken in accordance with B.1.3. 5.2.2 In the case of dispute regarding the determination of diesel s sulphur content requirement, ASTM D5453 shall be used as the referee test method. 6 Packing and marking 6.1 Packing The condition of drums, intermediate bulk containers and road tank vehicles shall be such as not to be detrimental to the quality of the fuel during normal transportation and storage and shall comply with the relevant requirements of the following standards: a) SANS 10229-1, in the case of drums; b) SANS 10233, in the case of intermediate bulk containers; and c) SANS 1518, in the case of road tank vehicles. 6
Table 1 Requirements for automotive diesel fuel prescribed in regulations (see foreword) 1 2 3 Property Requirement Test method Sulphur content for: a) Standard grade, mg/kg, max. 500 ASTM D2622 or ASTM D5453 IP336, ASTM D4294 b) Low sulphur grade, mg/kg, max. 50 ASTM D2622 or ASTM D5453 IP336 Biodiesel content, % volume fraction, max. 5 See 4.2 Table 2 Other requirements for automotive diesel fuel 1 2 3 Property Requirement Test method Distillation temperature for 90 % volume fraction recovery, C, max. 362 ASTM D86 or IP 123 Flash point, C, min. 55 ASTM D93 or IP 34 Cetane Number a, min. 45 ASTM D613 or IP 41 Copper strip corrosion (3 h at 100 C), classification, max. 1 ASTM D130 or IP 154 Cold filter plugging point (CFPP) b, C, max. 1) Summer, C, max. 2) Winter, C, max. 3 4 IP 309 Carbon residue on 10 % volume fraction distillation residue, % Mass fraction, max. 0,2 ASTM D524 or IP 14 Ash content, % mass fraction, max. 0,01 ASTM D482 or IP 4 Water content, % volume fraction, max. 0,05 ASTM D95 or ASTM D4377 or IP 74 or ISO 12937 or ASTM D6304 or IP 356 Total contamination, mg/kg, max. 50 c EN 12662 or IP 440 Lubricity, corrected wear scar diameter (wsd 1,4) at 60 C, max. 460 ISO 12156-1, CEC F06-A-96 Viscosity at 40 C, mm 2 /s 2,2 to 5,3 ASTM D445 or IP 71 Density at 20 C, kg/l, min. 0,8000 ASTM D4052 or IP 160 or IP 365 or ISO 3675 Oxidation stability, mg/100 ml, max. 2,0 ASTM D2274 or IP 388 a Provided a proven correlation between Cetane Number and Cetane Index (ASTM D976 or ASTM D4737) has been established (for the crude being refined), the Cetane Number specification may be replaced by a Cetane Index specification with a minimum value of 48. The basic need is that the product shall have a minimum Cetane Number of 45. The reference method shall be ASTM D613 or IP 41. 24 d b Summer = 1 October to 31 March (inclusive) Winter = 1 April to 30 September (inclusive). c total contamination for ex-nozzle diesel shall not exceed 50 mg/kg and that for ex-refinery shall not exceed 24 mg/kg. d the 24 mg/kg total contaminant requirement limit for ex-nozzle diesel shall be applicable from 01 November 2007. NOTE In case of a product sold in colder areas (as defined by historic meteorological data), additional CFPP improver should be included with the intention to achieve -7 C or better. 7
6.2 Marking 6.2.1 The information on each a) drum shall be in accordance with SANS 10229-1; b) intermediate bulk container shall be in accordance with SANS 10233; and c) road tank vehicle shall be in accordance with SANS 10232-1. 6.2.2 For the labelling, placarding and preparation of shipping documents for fuel that complies with the requirements of this standard, the following shall apply: a) the hazard-class diamond, as for class 3 dangerous goods; b) the proper shipping name: "DIESEL FUEL"; c) the substance identification number (S.I.N.): 1202; and d) other information including the supplier's brand name or trade mark, the name of the fuel grade (standard or low sulphur), the description "DIESEL FUEL" and the quantity. 8
Annex A (normative) Notes to purchasers The following requirement shall be agreed upon between the supplier and the purchaser: when the diesel fuel is to be stored for a period exceeding 12 months, any additional requirements for storage stability (see 4.3). B.1 Sampling B.1.1 General Annex B (normative) Sampling and compliance with this standard The sampling procedure given in B.1.3 shall be applied in determining whether a lot complies with the relevant requirements of this standard. The samples so drawn shall be deemed to represent the lot. B.1.2 Definitions B.1.2.1 defective a test sample of diesel fuel that fails in one or more respects to comply with the relevant requirements of this standard B.1.2.2 lot that quantity of diesel fuel in containers bearing the same brand name or trade mark, grade designation and batch identification, from one manufacturer, and submitted at any one time for inspection and testing B.1.3 Samples for inspection and testing After checking for compliance with the relevant requirements of 5.1, use the relevant sampling procedure described in method ASTM D4057 or ASTM D4177, as appropriate, to obtain the samples for testing, and deem the samples so taken to represent the lot for the respective properties. B.2 Compliance with this standard Deem the lot to comply with the relevant requirements of this standard if, on inspection of the containers or tankers in the lot and on testing of the samples taken in accordance with B.1.3, no defective is found. 9
Annex C (informative) Quality verification of automotive diesel fuel When a purchaser requires ongoing verification of the quality of diesel fuel, it is suggested that, instead of concentrating solely on evaluation of the final product, he also direct his attention to the manufacturer's quality system. In this connection it should be noted that SANS 9001 covers the provision of an integrated quality system. Bibliography SANS 9001/ISO 9001, Quality management systems Requirements. Standards South Africa 10