Colloque ENSM, Marseille, 17-18 January 2012
Contents Introduction CO 2 emissions and future targets Energy efficiency and emission reduction Tankers Containerships Design and operational measures Determination of EEOI Slide no. 2
Who we are The A.P. Moller - Maersk Group is a diversified conglomerate, founded in 1904 by Mr A.P. Møller 110,000 employees and operations in more than 130 countries Business segments: Container shipping, Logistics Tankers Offshore supply Tugs, salvage Container terminals Drilling and FPSOs Oil and gas production Retail activities Other companies PAGE 3 Colloque, Marseille
Historical development of the Maersk fleet S.S. Svendborg, 1904: first vessel in the Maersk fleet Robert Maersk, 1920: first vessel delivered by Odense Steel Shipyard Leise Maersk, 1921: first motor vessel delivered by OSS Emma Maersk, 1928: first tanker in the fleet Gertrude Maersk, 1930: first purpose built liner vessel (OSS) Henning Maersk, 1945: first fully welded vessel (OSS) Eli Maersk, 1966: first ship with waste heat recovery system (OSS) Slide no. 4
Novel vessels in the Maersk fleet Svendborg Maersk, 1974: first container ship (1815 TEU) Eleo Maersk, 1993: world s first double hull tanker (OSS) World records in shipuilding: Regina Mærsk: 1996, official capacity 6,000 TEU Sovereign Mærsk: 1997, official capacity 6,600 TEU Emma Mærsk: 2006, capacity 15,500 TEU Slide no. 5
Ambitious Targets on GHG Reductions CO 2 index wrt 2007 100 90 80 70 60 % CO 2 per TEU-km since 2007 Maersk Line fleet Relative emission targets Maersk Line: 25% reduction of g CO 2 per TEU-km from 2007 to 2020 Maersk Tankers: 15% reduction per tonnekm from 2007 to 2015 50 2007 2008 2009 2010 Slide no. 6
Hull form optimization Reference Hull Optimized Hull, Bulbous Bow Optimized Hull, Vertical Bow Slide no. 7
Bulbous Bow: Minimize Wave Restistance Reference Vessel New Vessel Bulbous Bow New Vessel Vertical Bow Slide no. 8
Optimized Aft Body Improves Wake Field Wake Field for Reference Vessel Wake Field for New Aft Body Large variation in wake velocities in way of Propeller Disk. Reduced variation in wake velocities in way of Propeller Disk ensures better propeller design and performance Slide no. 9
Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) Formula: 8.00 IMO EEDI Base Line - Tankers IMO EEDI Base Line for Tankers EEDI [g-co2 / DWT-nm] 7.00 6.00 5.00 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 DWT [tonnes] Reference Vessel - MAERSK EDWARD K-Class Vessels R-Class Vessels New Vessel - Bulbous Bow Slide no. 10
Innovation projects on the Maersk fleet Maersk Attender Crane pendulation Thurø Maersk BWTS testing Maersk Kendal Ventilation optimization Jeppesen Maersk Auto-tuning of main engine Emma Maersk Aux. engine waste heat Maersk Kalmar Biofuel Olivia Maersk Air lubrication Alexander Maersk Exhaust gas recirculation Gudrun Maersk Main eng. cooling systems Roy Maersk CLT Propeller Laura Maersk HT Pump optimization Maersk Kate Propeller boss cap fin Maersk Belfast Water based hydraulics Arthur Maersk Cylinder lube oil reduction Clementine Maersk CRS autologging and performance prediction Slide no. 11
Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator Considerations for setting targets Fuel efficiency Utilization Operational efficiency Asset management Time chartered fleet Baseline data EEOI = gco 2 /tonne x nm Slide no. 12
EEOI grams CO 2 tonnes cargo distance Technical Fuel Efficiency Optimization Innovation grams CO 2 Commercial Utilisation # fixtures Speed Assets tonnes cargo distance Operational Speed Harbour Efficiency Virtual Arrival Slide no. 13
Speed and drafts of one vessel during 1 year Average speed Average draft Slide no. 14
EEOI of one vessel during 1 year 1 month EEOI EEOI (voyage leg) EEOI (1 months) 12 month EEOI Colloque, Marseille Slide no. 15
Average fleet EEOI 1, 6 and 12 month average for all vessels in same segment Suggest 12 month rolling average per vessel Methodology for inputs to be confirmed Any particular vessel is rated against pool average Maersk Tankers is working with other Tanker companies to create an online EEOI database with a rating scheme similar to current one on www.shippingefficiency.org Slide no. 16
Energy Efficiency - Examples of how we minimize Energy Consumption of the Fleet Operation (~5%) Voyage Planning and Execution Vessel Performance Management Service - Optimisation of main and auxiliary engines - Minimising of basic load consumption - Optimisation of cylinder oil consumption - Monitoring of antifouling paint - Cleaning of hull and propeller Optimum trim guidance for all vessel classes Ballast water optimisation Reefer Containers Low energy reefer containers ~ 30% saving per reefer container New buildings (~20%) Waste Heat Recovery System Super long stroke engines Hull and propeller optimised for operational profile Systems (~5%) Electronically controlled engine Auto tuning of main engines Pumps and ventilation systems De-rating of main engine Turbo-charger cut out Slide no. 17
Waste heat recovery from main engine Recover approx. 10% of engine output Reduction of fuel consumption and exhaust gas emissions by 10% Slide no. 18
Maersk Line Super Slow Steaming development Although the full rollout of Super Slow Steaming was introduced fleet wide in January 2009, the process had started two years earlier, as shown above. Slide no. 19
Slow Steaming: change in engine load profile Percent operating hrs Percent operating hrs 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 0% Operational profile vinter 2007/8 0 12 16 18 20 22 23 24 25 26 Vessel speed [kn] Operational profile vinter 2008/9 0 12 15 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Vessel speed [kn] Ex 1: Actual operational data winter 2007-2008 Average of 8 vessels over 6 months Average speed 22.1 kn Index Capacity per vessel, TEU*km 100 Yearly FOC per vessel 100 NO x emission g/[teu*km] 100 Ex 2: Actual operational data winter 2008-2009 Averaged over 6 months Average speed 20.2 kn Index Capacity per vessel, TEU*km 91,4 Yearly FOC per vessel 80,7 NO x emission g/[teu*km] 87,5 Slow steaming does not exclude sailing at higher speeds speed reserve is necessary to compensate for delays or conduct certain network legs at high speed. Flexibility is key. PAGE Colloque, 20 Marseille
Sulfur regulations in 2015 and 2020 (2025*) Overview of main sulphur limit regulations Sulphur limit, % 5.0 4.5 4.0 IMO Global 3.5 3.0 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 Mid 2012: Expansion of ECA to include NAM** IMO Emission Control Areas (ECA) 0.5 EU at berth 0.0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 Year Order of magn. cost increase for fleet (Mill USD/year) $ x mill $x00 mill $x,000 mill * 2020 reduction may be delayed to 2025 subject to review of fuel availability in 2018 ** ECA areas comprise Baltics, North Sea and UK Channel. From Mid 2012 they also include North America Slide no. 21
ECA Operation ECA Operation is defined as the average percentage of time spent in an Emission Control Area, where it is required to switch to Low Sulphur fuel (LSFO) or use equivalent (abatement) measures to reduce SOx emissions Abatement technologies allow continued operation with HFO CAPEX, OPEX (increased fuel consumption) Two most common wet scrubber types: straight through-flow and Venturi type: Slide no. 22
TripleE Class Slide no. 24
EEE Dimensions Length: 400 m Beam: 59 m Height: 73 m Capacity: 18,000 TEU Slide no. 25
EEE: Technology driven design Larger block coefficient Hull lines optimized for operational profile Split machinery and accommodation Twin skeg design Super-long-stroke engines Waste heat recovery High efficiency pumps, ventilation, etc. 98% recyclable materials Slide no. 26
Slide Colloque, no. 27 Marseille Thank you for your attention