Can electric cars reduce the energy consumption and the CO2 emissions of our society?
A school project at Bundesrealgymnasium 16 Schuhmeierplatz 7 1160 Vienna Austria by Albert Jaros
Contents information about the students results of the project problems during the project additional information for the students at the end of the project given by the teacher
Class: 6c high school in Vienna / Austria 10th grade 22 students: 16 girls, 6 boys 3 physics lessons weekly project duration: 8 lessons
Today electric cars have + no direct exhaust or soot + low energy consumption + low energy costs - short range ( 10² km ) - long time for recharge (1-10 h) - high purchase price
Energy density: Accumulators: Pb Li-ion Li-S 0.03 kwh/kg 0.19 kwh/kg 0.5 kwh/kg Fuel: ~ 11.9 kwh/kg
Electric cars are useful + for reducing air pollution + for reducing energy consumption for short trips
Today electric cars need - a long time for recharging - additional car parks - additional funds
Impact of electric cars on + energy balance + CO2 balance costs for new cars - car parks - price of electricity - taxation of electricity
Calculated results Reduction of CO2 emissions in Austria: up to 24 % Reduction of energy consumption in Austria: up to 16 %
Problems during the project understanding of physical quantities units and orders of magnitude combining statistical data from different sources selecting parameters time management
CO2 emission of Austria China EU-27 France Germany Norway USA World
CO2 from... 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% CO2 from electricity in % CO2 from road traffic in % Rest of CO2 emission in %
CO2 emission of Austria China EU-27 France Germany Norway USA World
CO2 from... 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% CO2 from electricity in % CO2 from road traffic in % Rest of CO2 emission in %
CO2 from... 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Austria Germany France Norway EU-27 USA China World CO2 from electricity in % CO2 from road traffic in % Rest of CO2 emission in %
Hydroelectricity 100,0 90,0 80,0 70,0 60,0 50,0 40,0 30,0 20,0 10,0 0,0 Austria Germany France Norway EU-27 USA China World
Electricity from... 100,0 90,0 80,0 70,0 60,0 50,0 40,0 30,0 20,0 10,0 0,0 Waste Gas Oil Coal
100,0 Electricity from nuclear energy 90,0 80,0 70,0 60,0 50,0 40,0 30,0 20,0 10,0 0,0 Austria Germany France Norway EU-27 USA China World
Electricity from... 12,0 10,0 8,0 6,0 4,0 2,0 Other sources Tide Wind Solar thermal Solar PV Geothermal Biomass 0,0
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Electricity from Other sources Tide Wind Solar thermal Solar PV Geothermal Hydro Nuclear Waste Biomass Gas Oil Coal
Parameters demand of energy : 0.18 kwh/km emission of CO2 : 2.4 kg/l fuel density : 0.8 kg/l heat of combustion : 11.9 kwh/kg emission of cars today : 160 g/km percentage of electric cars : 50 %
Assumption The structure of production of electricity does not change. Data from 2007
80 Austria: CO2 emissions in Mt/a without and with electric cars 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Electric road traffic: 0% 50% rest Mt CO2 from road traffic Mt CO2 from electrical plants
900 Germany: CO2 emissions in Mt/a without and with electric cars 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Electric road traffic: 0% 50% rest Mt CO2 from road traffic Mt CO2 from electrical plants
400 France: CO2 emissions in Mt/a without and with electric cars 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Electric road traffic: 0% 50% rest Mt CO2 from road traffic Mt CO2 from electrical plants
40 Norway: CO2 emissions in Mt/a without and with electric cars 35 30 25 20 rest 15 10 Mt CO2 from road traffic 5 0 Electric road traffic: 0% 50% Mt CO2 from electrical plants
4000 EU-27: CO2 emissions in Mt/a without and with electric cars 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 Electric road traffic: 0% 50% rest Mt CO2 from road traffic Mt CO2 from electrical plants
6000 USA: CO2 emissions in Mt/a without and with electric cars 5000 4000 3000 rest 2000 1000 0 Electric road traffic: 0% 50% Mt CO2 from road traffic Mt CO2 from electrical plants
7000 China: CO2 emissions in Mt/a without and with electric cars 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Electric road traffic: 0% 50% rest Mt CO2 from road traffic Mt CO2 from electrical plants
30000 World: CO2 emissions in Mt/a without and with electric cars 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 Electric road traffic: 0% 50% rest Mt CO2 from road traffic Mt CO2 from electrical plants
Change of CO2 emissions 100% 95% 90% 85% 80% 75% Austria Germany France Norway EU-27 USA China World CO2 emission in % reduction in % 50 % electric road traffic
Change of CO2 emissions 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Austria Germany France Norway EU-27 USA China World CO2 emission in % reduction in % 50 % electric road traffic
30000 Total CO2 emissions in Mt/a 25000 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 Austria Germany France Norway EU-27 USA China World Mt CO2 (no electric cars) Mt CO2 with electric cars (50 %)
Energy reduction 100 95 90 85 80 75 Austria Germany France Norway EU-27 USA China World Reduced Energy in % Reduction in % 50 % electric road traffic
Energy reduction 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Austria Germany France Norway EU-27 USA China World Reduced Energy in % Reduction in % 50 % electric road traffic
160 Yearly used energy in PWh 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Austria Germany France Norway EU-27 USA China World GWh total energy GWh total reduced energy 50% electric road traffic
Without consideration: town or country car or truck time of recharging production of electric cars car sharing
Thank you for your attention! Have a good time in Vienna!