The electrifica-on of the automobile is a foregone conclusion. - Bob Lutz, re-red Vice Chairman, GM 1
EVSE 101 EV and Charging Introduction Jim Burness
NCC Training Series EVSE 101: EV and Charging Indroduction EVSE 102: All About ChargePoint EVSE 201: Siting Best Practices EVSE 202: Pricing Best Practices
Virtually every automaker is on board EV Manufacturers
A Few Upcoming/Current Models
Powertrain Architectures Pure EV: Nissan LEAF Series Hybrid: Chevy Volt Parallel Hybrid: Toyota Prius
We think by 2050, roughly 40% of [the world s] 2 billion cars will be electric.
We think by 2050, roughly 40% of [the world s] 2 billion cars will be electric. - Sierra Club? - Tesla? - Plug-In America?
We think by 2050, roughly 40% of [the world s] 2 billion cars will be electric. - Peter Voser, CEO, Royal Dutch Shell
EV Sales Forecast Annual Sales in 2020 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000 0 Forecast Credit Suisse DeloiMe Consul-ng EPRI Morgan Stanley Deutche Bank Bloomberg New Energy Finance UC Berkeley
EV Sales Forecast 2012 to 2015 469,000 In The Next 4 Years 500,000 450,000 400,000 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 Source: Center for Automotive Research 2011 0 TOTAL 2015 2014 2013 2012
Predicted Market Share
Who Is The EV Driver Today? Average age: 55 61% male Higher income 24.0% 3.6% 53% over $100k 29% over $150k 3.8% 5.4% 3.4% 3.6% 75% Caucasian 5.5%
States Ranked By PEV Market Share, 2020 3.6% 24.0% 3.8% 5.4% 3.4% 3.6% 5.5%
Common EVSE Terms EVSE: Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment Charging station: EVSE Charger: Onboard equipment that manages car s battery BEV: Battery Electric Vehicle (Nissan LEAF) PEV: Plug-In Electric Vehicle (Nissan LEAF) HEV: Hybrid Electric Vehicle (Toyota Prius) PHEV: Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (Chevy Volt) EREV: Extended Range Electric Vehicle ICE: Internal Combustion Engine ICED: An ICE car parking in an EV-only spot
Level 1 vs. Level 2 Level 1: 110v/120v AC, up to 16A 8 to 20 hours Level 2: 220v/240v AC, up to 75A but most are 16A 32A 3 to 8 hours Level 1 and Level 2 use the same, standardized connector, the SAE J1772 J1772 protocol includes physical, communication, and safety elements
DC Fast Charge ì DC Fast Charge can charge a LEAF s battery to 80% in 30 minutes ì Standards battle brewing ì CHAdeMO from Japan (left) ì SAE Combo for US/European cars (right) ì Challenges include: ì ì ì ì High equipment cost High install cost 480v not available everywhere Utilities rarely have friendly rate structures
Charging Time Depends on EVSE And The Car Specs 12 Nissan LEAF 13 Ford Focus 12/ 13 Chevy Volt Ba>ery size 24kW 23kW 16kW Onboard charger 3.3kW 6.6kW 3.3kW Level 1 20 hours 19 hours 10 hours Level 2 @ 16A 7 hours 7 hours 4 hours Level 2 @ 30A 7 hours 3.5 hours 4 hours DC Fast Charge 80% in 20 minutes n/a n/a Virtually all commercial EVSE are Level 2 @ 30A
Charging Behavior Differences EV drivers fuel their vehicles differently Most gas drivers usually drive until their tank is low and then fill up completely EV drivers top up whenever they get the chance, even if it is just a little bit This is called Opportunity Charging Assuming the cost is reasonable, of course
Where Charging Will Happen DC Fast Public/ Commercial Residen-al
EVSE Installation Decision Matrix: When To Install Average Length Of Stay < 1hour 1-4 hours 4-8 hours > 8 hours Average Distance Traveled By Visitors 25 miles or more Less than 25 miles DC Fast Charge (if other condi-ons indicate) Probably Not Soon Level 2 Maybe Level 2 Now Level 2 Soon Level 2 or Level 1 Now Level 2 or Level 1 Soon Level 2 or Level 1 Na-onal Car Charging, LLC
Best Level 2 Locations Workplaces Airports Park-N-Rides Municipal buildings Hospitals Sports venues Movie theaters Grocery stores Malls Restaurants Hotels Universities Health clubs Parks Car dealers
3 Types of Commercial EVSE Non-Networked Cheaper to buy/operate No billing capability and access control is an extra No reporting Closed Network Billing and access control available Host must manage drivers & billing Open Network Host site does NOT need to manage drivers & billing ChargePoint is the oldest and largest network in US by far
Operations & Maintenance Not much to do 3.6% Virtually no moving parts Keep cord off the ground Clean the unit occasionally 24.0% Monitor status via web portal 3.8% 5.4% 3.4% 3.6% That s about it! 5.5%
Frequently Asked Questions How long does it take to charge an EV @ Level 2? A good rule of thumb is about 10 miles per hour charged for EVs with 3.3kW onboard chargers and about 20 miles per hour charged with a 6.6kW onboard charger What does installation cost? Residential installations can run $500 to $1,500 Commercial installations average $2,700
Frequently Asked Questions What incentives exist for buying EVs? For most models there is a $7,500 income tax credit Some states have additional incentives (Colorado has a $6,000 state income tax credit) Do EVSE units help with LEED qualification? Currently installing an EVSE unit counts for 1 LEED point
How bad for the environment are the batteries? Common Myths Virtually all new PEVs use lithium ion batteries Lithium ion batteries are 95% recyclable Second life markets already anticipated for storage Doesn t an EV just shift pollution? No, even an EV powered by coal has a total carbon footprint that is about 25% of a gas powered car The grid is getting cleaner every day
Nobody is buying these EVs, right? Common Myths In their first full year of production, the adoption rate of EVs is almost twice as high as the first generation hybrids sold the first year those were on the market The Volt outsells half of the cars on the market today Are EV batteries safe? NHTSA found they are just as safe as cars powered by explosive liquids Lesson from the NHTSA crash test: Be sure to exit your car within 3 weeks
Common Myths Aren t EVs going to crash the grid? EPRI found the current grid can handle 160 million EVs without significant upgrades or capacity additions IF charging can be timed properly The grid has previously adapted to electric dryers, air conditioning, and plasma TVs
Contact Information Jim Burness C: (303) 437-4947 jburness@nationalcarcharging.com www.nationalcarcharging.com Stay connected Twitter @jburness