Calculation of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions from Ship in Ice Conditions Master Thesis Student Supervisor : Duong Quang Tan : Prof. Tadeusz Graczyk, ZUT Dipl.-Ing. Nils Reimer, HSVA
OUTLINE Introduction Methodology Considerations Calculation of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions Results Conclusions Calculation of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions from Ship in Ice Conditions 2
INTRODUCTION The working topic is studied at the Hamburg Ship Model Basin HSVA (Hamburg, Germany), and is part of the ACCESS project (Arctic Climate Change, Economy and Society), an European Project supported within the Ocean of Tomorrow call of the European Commission Seventh Framework Program Calculation of fuel consumption and exhaust emissions for various ship types as a function of power and speed in various ice conditions Arctic area condition, along the Northern Sea Route Calculation of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions from Ship in Ice Conditions 3
METHODOLOGY Calculation of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions from Ship in Ice Conditions 4
CONSIDERATIONS Ship type: Bulk carrier, Tanker, LNG carrier Propeller type: CPP, FPP, Podded Azimuth Transmission type: direct shaft line, electric propulsion Engine type: fuel oil Calculation of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions from Ship in Ice Conditions 5
CONSIDERATIONS Four difference routes: Murmansk to Bering Strait via Kara gate and south of Novosiberian Island Murmansk to Bering Strait via Kara gate and north of Novosiberian Island Murmansk to Bering Strait via north of Novaya Zemlya and south of Novosiberian Island Murmansk to Bering Strait via north of Novaya Zemlya and north of Novosiberian Island Ice conditions: September 2 November 2 September 27 November 27 Calculation of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions from Ship in Ice Conditions 6
ROUTES Route 1: Murmansk to Bering Strait via Kara Gate and passing south of Novosiberian Island (total distance 317.76 nm) Calculation of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions from Ship in Ice Conditions 7
ROUTES Route 2: Murmansk to Bering Strait via Kara Gate and passing north of Novosiberian Island (total distance 2976.94 nm) Calculation of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions from Ship in Ice Conditions 8
ROUTES Route 3: Murmansk to Bering Strait via north of Novaya Zemlya and passing south of Novosiberian Island (total distance 2842.6 nm) Calculation of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions from Ship in Ice Conditions 9
ROUTES Route 4: Murmansk to Bering Strait via north of Novaya Zemlya and passing north of Novosiberian Island (total distance 281.78 nm) Calculation of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions from Ship in Ice Conditions 1
CONSIDERATIONS Emission factors are taken from IMO study 29 Emission factors g/kg fuel (*) g/kwh % CO2 326 561.5 6.467 CO 7.4 1.3.15 NOx 78 13.65.157 SOx 54 9.45.19 BC.35.6.1 OC 1.7.19.2 PM 5.3.93.11 Calculation of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions from Ship in Ice Conditions 11
Fuel Consumption Total Fuel Consumption (tons) = Power (kw) x SFC (g/kwh) x Time (h) x 1-6 Calculation of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions from Ship in Ice Conditions 12
Exhaust Emissions Exhaust gas (kg) = Total fuel (kg) x Emission factor (g/kg fuel) x 1-3 Calculation of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions from Ship in Ice Conditions 13
RESULTS Calculation of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions from Ship in Ice Conditions 14
Result: Travel time (days) Bulk Carrier Tanker 1 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 299,9 318,3 286,4 34,6 51,3 13,3 2,8 8,8 11,6 21,1 8,6 19,5 16,5 8,2 19,3 8,1 25 2 15 1 5 19,5 18,6 17, 16,9 17,7 16,7 15,8 15,5 12,2 11,5 1,6 9,8 8,1 8, 7,6 7,5 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 Tanker 2 39 4 35 37 37 38 37 37 31 28 26 26 24 24 21 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 LNG Carrier 14,7 14,4 14,5 14,2 13,2 12,9 12,9 12,7 1,1 9,5 8,7 8,1 6,4 6,4 6,1 6, Sep- Nov- Sep-7 Nov-7 Sep- Nov- Sep-7 Nov-7
Result: Fuel consumption (tons) Bulk carrier Tanker 1 12 1 8 7816 125 756 9696 12 1 8 912 122 885 983 6 4 6 4 518 518 458 488 511 511 457 487 491 481479 389 2 159 321 334461 328 329461 425 314355 31453 2 12 1 8 6 4 Tanker 2 996 955 78 788 416 49 45 326 351 34 346 327 33324 348 326 12 1 8 6 4 LNG Carrier 197 183 944949 936 969 894 882 818 817 741 733 596 591 61 531 2 2 Sep- Nov- Sep-7 Nov-7 Sep- Nov- Sep-7 Nov-7
Result: Fuel per day (tons/day) Bulk carrier Tanker 1 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 38 38 38 38 31 32 28 26 26 24 22 23 22 22 21 21 7 6 5 4 3 2 64 64 64 64 49 56 52 52 5 46 37 4 3 31 31 25 5 1 45 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 Tanker 2 39 4 35 37 37 38 37 37 31 28 26 26 24 24 21 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 LNG Carrier 147 147 147 147 11 94 84 73 76 77 74 64 48 41 42 41 Sep- Nov- Sep-7 Nov-7 Sep- Nov- Sep-7 Nov-7
Exhaust Emissions CO 2 CO NOx SOx BC OC PM (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) (tons) Sep- Route 1 1468.2 3.39 35.72 24.73.16.49 2.43 Route 2 1563.3 3.61 38.3 26.33.17.52 2.58 Route 3 1463.9 3.38 35.62 24.66.16.49 2.42 Route 4 1574.8 3.63 38.31 26.53.17.53 2.6 Nov- Route 1 2923.8 6.75 71.13 49.25.32.98 4.83 Route 2 3274.8 7.56 79.67 55.16.36 1.9 5.41 Route 3 2837.6 6.55 69.4 47.79.31.95 4.69 Route 4 3152.6 7.28 76.7 53.1.34 1.5 5.21 Sep-7 Route 1 1661.9 3.84 4.43 27.99.18.55 2.75 Route 2 1637.4 3.78 39.84 27.58.18.55 2.71 Route 3 1562.6 3.61 38.2 26.32.17.52 2.58 Route 4 1541.1 3.56 37.49 25.96.17.51 2.55 Nov-7 Route 1 1661.2 3.83 4.42 27.98.18.55 2.75 Route 2 1638.9 3.78 39.87 27.61.18.55 2.71 Route 3 1246.2 2.88 3.32 2.99.14.42 2.6 Route 4 1533.9 3.54 37.32 25.84.17.51 2.54 Calculation of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions from Ship in Ice Conditions 18
CONCLUSIONS Speed and ice condition are two main parameters which affect the fuel consumption. In tough ice the resistance is increased and the speed is reduced, the required power is higher than in open water. If there is no ice the ship will run faster and also consume more fuel. Higher fuel consumption might occur at high speed and low ice conditions as well as in tough ice at lower speed. Calculation of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions from Ship in Ice Conditions 19
Further Works Collect emission factors data Collect ship data: number of vessels, ship characteristics Develop a method to estimate the results with less parameters Calculation of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions from Ship in Ice Conditions 2
Thank you for your attention!
g/kwh Improvement to the program Newly added input interface Standard BSFC at MCR 6 5 y = 661,6x 6-2524x 5 + 23791x 4-11985x 3 + 183,2x 2 + 34,12x - 36,733 4 3 2 1-1 -2,2,4,6,8 1 1,2 P/P MCR Calculation of Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emissions from Ship in Ice Conditions 22
Travel times (Tanker 2: CPP) P/D=.624 P/D=.79 3 25 2 15 1 5 25,6 23,6 22, 2,8 17,5 17,2 15,8 15,5 13,4 12, 12,7 11,4 9,6 9,5 9, 8,9 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 31,9 3,2 24,5 21,8 17,1 16,8 15,4 15,1 12,5 11, 11,8 1,3 8,4 8,3 7,9 7,8 2 18 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 P/D=.877 184,1 181,5 48,3 46, 12,3 17, 8,1 1,7 16,7 8, 11,9 15,3 7,7 1,7 15, 7,5 Sep- Nov- Sep-7 Nov-7 23
Fuel consumption (Tanker 2: CPP) P/D=.624 P/D=.79 12 1 996 955 14 12 1283 1254 8 6 4 78 788 416 49 45 326 351 34 346 327 33324 348 326 1 8 6 4 923 866 413439 366 386 47432 365 389 39 43 348 383 2 2 7 661 P/D=.877 6552 6 5 4 3 2 1713 1677 1 387 429454 411 425447 39 45361 43 399445 Sep- Nov- Sep-7 Nov-7 24
Fuel per day (Tanker 2: CPP) P/D=.624 P/D=.79 45 6 4 35 3 25 2 15 4 39 35 37 37 38 37 37 31 28 26 26 24 24 21 5 4 3 2 49 49 49 49 4 4 42 38 38 35 29 31 29 26 26 23 1 5 1 6 P/D=.877 5 53 53 53 53 4 3 2 38 4 35 36 36 36 31 33 3 27 27 24 1 Sep- Nov- Sep-7 Nov-7 25