Energy and Automation Workshop E1: Impacts of Connectivity and Automation on Vehicle Operations Ben Saltsman Engineering Manager Intelligent Truck, Vehicle Technology & Innovation April 23, 2014
Comprehensive approach to fuel savings System V2V Efficient route Vehicle Driver behavior Look-ahead Powertrain Engine integr. Downspeeding Transmission Architecture Dry sump Light weight 2
Background: IVBSS - Large variation in FE Best driver outperformed good driver by 11%-30% on MPG US DoT funded project: Chicago 10 months 10 Class 8 trucks Manual transmission Con-way s best drivers Highly repetitive routes Detroit MPG 8.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 21 Fuel economy Boxplot of results MPG by driver Good 22 Line Haul 23 24 10 drivers 540,000 miles 11% MPG spread 25 DRIVER 26 27 Best 28 30 Warren, OH 12 10 Fuel economy Boxplot of results MPG by driver P&D Best 8 MPG 6 Cincinnati Microsoft MapPoint 2009 Data analysis by UMTRI and Eaton Con-way Line Haul Class 8 Routes, IVBSS data 4 2 0 1 Good 2 4 10 drivers 80,000 miles 5 6 7 8 10 30% MPG spread DRIVER 3
Look-ahead system framework Sensors Radar Intelligent Driver Assistance System V2I V2V GPS Vehicle Data Bus 3D Digital Map Environment Recognition Driver Behavior Recognition FE-Optimal Behavior Estimation Decision Making Advisory Assist Advisory Feedback Engine/ Transmission Control HMI* Engine/ Transmission * HMI Human Machine Interface 4
Prototype Vehicle Implementation DSRC* Engine Trans Look-ahead Controller HERE ADAS-RP GPS Wireless SBC** Data Logger Forward Radar * Dedicated Short Range Communication ** Single board computer 5
Look-ahead: Grade Adaptation I-696/I-96 and Southfield Fwy routes Elevation Elevation 2014 Google Maps Distance, miles 2014 Google Maps 6
Grade Adaptation augments cruise control Slowing on the uphill Preemptive acceleration Trip Tractor Trip length (miles) Average speed system on, mph Average speed system off, mph Speed difference, mph Saving on whole trip, % Sf to Howell to Sf Blue (no trailer) 68.28 58.29 60.06-1.77 6.96 Sf to Howell to Sf White (no trailer) 68.75 57.52 58.31-0.36 2.17 Sf to Allen Park to Sf White (no trailer) 28.58 51.28 52.40-0.50 2.69 Sf to Howell to Sf White (no trailer) 68.04 58.41 58.34 0.03 1.21 Sf to Howell to Sf White (70k lb) 68.75 56.83 58.14-0.58 4.14 7
Look-ahead: Vehicle-2-Infrastrcuture RSE DSRC RSE Roadside Emitters DSRC Digital Short-Range Communication SPaT Signal Phase and Timing GID Geographical Identifier 2014 Google Maps 8
SPaT use for Look-ahead Currently broadcast distance too short Distance (ft.) 800 600 400 200 0 Distance to intersection 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Time (s) 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 x 10 4 Red Yellow Green 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 Time (s) x 10 4 BinCount 18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 Intersection ID: 3134 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Distance to Intersection (ft) Preview (m) Predicted Fuel Savings (L) 300 0.09 1000 0.31 3500 0.56 9
Look-ahead: V2V vs Radar Turn Created using Google maps Good correlation, delay can be filtered out Future research: enhanced in lane determination, especially on curves 10
Fuel Efficient routes and P/T options Fuel consumptions predictions for specific routes, driver behavior Analytics tools for energy efficient routes 11
Summary Energy efficiency gain is available at multiple levels Automation vs augmented driving 12
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