Energy Storage 101 Ed Burgess September 23, 2016
Broad Electric Power System Applicability Bulk Storage Ancillary Services Distributed Storage Distributed Storage Commercial Storage Residential Storage 2
Energy Storage Can Cut Across Multiple Silos T&D Planning Resource Planning Customer Programs Transmission Asset Deferral Distribution Asset Deferral System Capacity Flexibility / Ancillary Services Fleet Optimization Customer Bill Management Demand Response Participation DER/EV interconnection cost management» Storage has potential to lower ratepayer costs and to increase grid reliability.» Storage is not always cost effective based on a single use case, however stacking multiple benefits can increase cost effectiveness.» Key challenge: identifying primary system need, then identifying secondary benefits that storage can also provide. 3
Operational Use Cases For Storage Systems SOURCE: SCE 2011, HTTPS://WWW.EDISON.COM/CONTENT/DAM/EIX/DOCUMENTS/INNOVATION/SMART-GRIDS/ENERGY-STORAGE-CONCEPT- 4
Size and Duration by Technology/Application Source: Australian Renewable Energy Agency (7/2015): Energy Storage Study Funding and Knowledge Sharing Priorities 5
Energy Storage Use Cases (2010 2015)* Electro-chemical Electro-magnetic Pumped Hydro Storage Thermal Storage * - Chart reflects data collected from the DOE Global Energy Storage Database Accessed 2/16/2016. Database entries are self reported and use case categories are not mutually exclusive. SOURCE: DOE ENERGY STORAGE DATABASE ACCESSED 9/7/2016 6
Use Case Example #1: Frequency Regulation» In order to synchronize generation assets to the AC grid, frequency must be held with tight tolerance bounds around 60 Hertz.» Inverter-based resources such as energy storage can respond more quickly than conventional resources. Frequency Regulation Service Response time Resources Fast Frequency Regulation Dispatched to correct ACE; Response time up to 5 minutes Dispatched to correct ACE; Typical response time is 1-30 seconds Thermal generation, demand response Storage, some demand response 7
Use Case Example #2: Avoid Curtailment/Overgeneration Potential Over-generation Source: https://www.caiso.com/documents/sb350study-volume5productioncostanalysis.pdf 8
No Storage 0.4125 GW 1.325 GW 2.650 GW Results of CA Grid Model with Storage 50,000 40,000 30,000 Unit Starts 9% 17% 30% Small amounts of energy storage equivalent to 0.5% to 3.4% of peak capacity results in 9% to 30% reduction in unit starts 20,000 10,000 Unit starts tend to be emissions intensive as well as costly - Scenarios % of total CA Generation Capacity Curtailment Reduction in CA (kwh) Only 2 hour storage 2, 4, & 6 hour storage 2, 4, & 6 hour storage 0.5% 1.7% 3.4% 8.1% 23.3% 40.0% Source: California Energy Storage Alliance 9
Use Case Example #3: T&D Upgrade Deferral Incremental amounts of storage can defer the need for new T&D equipment Dispatch for Transmission Deferral» Storage is only a fit for T&D deferral in specific circumstances recent examples: Con Edison Brooklyn-Queens Initiative PG&E Distribution Deferral Solicitation Boothbay Maine Pilot Project SOURCE: DOE/EPRI 2013 ELECTRICITY STORAGE HANDBOOK IN COLLABORATION WITH NRECA, 2013 (FIGURE 11. STORAGE FOR TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION DEFERRAL) 10
Case Study: Puget Sound Energy Non-Wires Alternative Graphical Representation of Eastside Overload Scenario, 2021-2022 Winter Case (in MW)* Energy Storage Configuration Summary Baseline Configuration Solves for Green + Yellow Alternate #1 Solves for Green only Alternate #2 Solves for Green + Yellow + Red *Shading represents ESS net injection requirements to meet overload scenarios: Green Emergency Overload Elimination; Yellow Normal Overload Reduction; and Red Normal Overload Elimination Storage Configurations Considered Storage Configuration Baseline Alternate #1 Alternate #2 Solves for Eliminates Emergency (Green) + Reduces Normal Overload (Yellow) Eliminates Emergency Overload Only (Green) Eliminates All Normal + Emergency Overloads (Green, Yellow and Red) Power (MWp) Energy (MWh) Duration (hours) Est. Cost ($MM) Includes Non-Wires Alternatives Technically Feasible Meets Requirements 328 2,338 7.1 $1,030 121 226 1.9 $184 545 5,771 10.6 $2,367 11
Case Study: Brooklyn-Queens Demand Management 12
Use Case Example #4: Local Capacity Needs Case Study: SCE 2014 Procurement 261 MW procured (5x what CPUC had required in Decision 13-02-15) in Nov. 2014 to address local capacity needs two areas Seller Resource Type Total Contracts Advanced Microgrid Solutions BTM Battery Energy Storage 4 50.0 AES FTM Battery Energy Storage 1 100.0 Ice Energy BTM Thermal Energy Storage 16 25.6 NRG FTM Battery Energy Storage 1 0.5 Stem BTM Battery Energy Storage 5 85.0 MW Total 26 261.1 13