Enforcement Technology Wednesday 10 October 2007 Steve Smith Transport for London
Content Transport for London Transport Policing and Enforcement Results so far The Future
About Transport for London 4
The Mayor & Transport for London Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone TfL s vision: A world class transport system that delivers the safe, reliable and efficient movement of people and goods that enhances London s economy, environment and social inclusion.
TfL s responsibilities 6
TfL Travel Facts Every weekday in Greater London over 27 million journeys: 11 million by car or motorcycle 7 million by foot 6 million on London s buses 3.4 million on the Tube 333,000 by bicycle 7
TfL Operational Facts Tube: 275 stations 408 kilometres of track (longest subterranean rail network in the world) Rail: 31 kilometre railway 38 stations 8
TfL Operational Facts Buses: 8,000 buses 700 bus routes 17,500 bus stops Roads: 580kms of red route (5% of network, 35% of traffic) 9
Transport Policing & Enforcement
Transport Policing and Enforcement
Current Systems
Current Systems Three camera types on-bus cameras static roadside sites CCTV systems System Components wide-angle cameras close-up camera radio clock multiplexer video recorder AVL beacon
Current Systems Bus Mounted Cameras Camera Controller & Recorder
Mobile recording: moving along the lane ENFORCEMENT ZONE ENFORCEMENT ZONE Context and close-up views are recorded continuously onto video tape Time, beacon number, distance and other information are superimposed on the tape
Views from a mobile camera Context view Close-up view
Current Systems - Static cameras Camera Controller & Recorder
Current Systems Fixed CCTV Camera Controller Master & Copy VCR
Current Systems Portable CCTV
Views from a CCTV camera Context view Zoomed-in view
Current Storage Arrangements Video Tape Management Suite
Current Systems Automated Weight Enforcement
Results So Far...
120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Bus Lanes (Roadside Cameras) % of Peak Rate Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 Month 4 Month 5 Month 6 Month 7 Month 8 Month 9 Month 10 Month 11 Month 12 Month 13 Month 14 Month 15 Month 16 Month 17 Month 18 Month 19 Month 20 Month 21 Month 22 Month 23 Month 24 Incidents per hr Log. (Incidents per hr) 53% Improvement in First 12 Months
CCTV Incident Rate, 4-week periods 120% 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% % of Peak Rate Period0 Period1 Period2 Period3 Period4 Period5 Period6 Period7 Period8 Period9 Period10 Period11 Period12 Period13 Bus Lanes (CCTV Cameras) 58% Improvement in First 12 Months Incidents per hour
Quantifying the Benefits Vehicle Counts, PM Peak Period Prohibited Vehicles down by 98% 800 700 600 Prohibited vehicles Permitted vehicles Pedal cycles 500 Pedal Cyclist usage up by 80% 400 300 Buses are faster in bus lanes vs. non bus lane 200 100-2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Quantified Passenger Time Savings = 25million per year 25.0 20.0 Run speed in bus lanes Run speed between bus lanes Bus Running Speeds: Bus Lane vs Inter-lane 15.0 10.0 Apr-01 Jun-01 Aug-01 Oct-01 Dec-01 Feb-02 Apr-02 Jun-02 Aug-02 Oct-02 Dec-02 Feb-03 Apr-03 Jun-03 Aug-03 Oct-03 Dec-03 Feb-04 Apr-04 Jun-04 Aug-04 Oct-04 Dec-04 Feb-05 Apr-05 Jun-05 Aug-05 Oct-05 Dec-05 Feb-06 Apr-06 Bus Speed, kph
Yellow Box Compliance Incidents at Yellow Box Junctions 23% 10 initial improvement in compliance 5% improvement in traffic flow 65% compliance improvement to date Observed incidents, per half-hour 5 0 Time (07:00 to 19:00) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Pre-Pilot Count End of Pilot Count Post Pilot Count 20 21 22 23 24
Parking Compliance Dramatic localised compliance improvement Gradual London-wide improvement 180 160 140 Poly. (Enforcement Hrs) Poly. (Top 10 Average) Poly. (All Sites Average) 1,800 1,600 1,400 98% of Red Route Enforceable 120 100 1,200 1,000 80 800 10% representations, on average 60 40 600 1% appeals, on average PCNs Exported 20 0-20 2005/01 2005/02 2005/03 2005/04 2005/05 2005/06 2005/07 2005/08 2005/09 2005/10 2005/11 2005/12 400 200 0 Hours of Enforcement 74% of appeals won by TfL, on average
Repeat Offenders 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Bus stop cages Double red lines Single red lines Red box markings White box markings Pedestrian crossings Jan-05 Feb-05 Mar-05 Apr-05 May-05 Jun-05 Jul-05 Aug-05 Sep-05 Oct-05 Nov-05 Dec-05 Jan-06 Feb-06 Mar-06 Apr-06 May-06 Jun-06 Jul-06 Aug-06 Sep-06 Oct-06 Nov-06 Dec-06
The Future London-Wide Removals Service
The Future Digital Traffic Enforcement Systems
Phased Approach 2002-4 Informal discussions with Home Office and industry 2004-6 Development of the Digital Traffic Enforcement System (DTES) 2006-9 Further product development and implementation
Top level system design
System Functional Diagram ANPR AVL (GPS) Camera 1 Camera 2 Contravention detection and capture Recording Schedules Data Decryption Manual KEK update Temporary SecureData Store Data Encryption Secure Interface R/W Media Secure Interface ERCU WORM Secure Data RX Control Data TX Air Gap Air Gap Data Encryption Recording Schedule preparation OVDS (Ticket Express) Data Decryption Manual KEK update Secure Data TX Control Data RX Outstation WAN Instation
System requirements Vehicle location to 10 metres False trigger rate <10% Evidence pack quality: Frame rate of 5fps Picture quality to be acceptable to the adjudication service Evidential security of data
DTES evidence pack Metadata automated back-office processing Close-up video ANPR trigger / IR illuminated / monochrome Context video wide angle / colour / pre- & post-trigger times configurable Packet size around 1.3Mb each (5fps; 5s pre-; 5s post-trigger) <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <Evidence xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" xsi:nonamespaceschemalocation="/dtes/evidence.xsd"> <TimeStamp>2005-05-03T13:24:05</TimeStamp> <LocationString>+51.479948N, -0.114440E</LocationString> <OutstationID>mobile1</OutstationID> <ContraventionNumber>12</ContraventionNumber> </Evidence>
DTES in Action - Smart Car
DTES: Results Mobile: Daytime, dry <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <Evidence xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/xmlschema-instance" xsi:nonamespaceschemalocation="/dtes/evidence.xsd"> <TimeStamp>2005-05-03T13:24:05</TimeStamp> <LocationString>+51.479948N, -0.114440E</LocationString> <OutstationID>mobile1</OutstationID> <ContraventionNumber>12</ContraventionNumber> </Evidence>
Further Development The object of this phase is to test the response to the new technology at adjudication, prior to the main contract being let. The aim is to eventually run dedicated enforcement vehicles from depots across London, fitted with radio gateways.
Steve.Smith@tfl.gov.uk www.tfl.gov.uk