Getting Parking Right. Presented by Lisa Jacobson Rail~Volution Seattle October PDF Free Download

Getting Parking Right Presented by Lisa Jacobson Rail~Volution Seattle October 2013

Parking Wastes Money $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 $20,000 Thank you, Don Shoup!

Tensions Restaurant Table 5 x 5 = 25 ft 2 Office Cubicle 8 x 9 = 72 ft 2 Bedroom 9 x 11 = 99 ft 2 Parking Space 10 x 20 = 200 ft 2

Parking Wastes Land If you require more than 3 spaces per 1,000 sq ft, you re requiring more parking than land use Administrative, Business, and Professional Services Shopping Center without Dining Shopping Center with Dining Dining Establishments Dining & Drinking < 2,500 Sq. Ft. Gross Area Dining & Drinking > 2,500 Sq. Ft. Gross Area, Freestanding Dining & Drinking < 2,500 Sq. Ft. Gross Area, Mixed-Use Day Care Centers 1.13 1.13 1.36 1.13 1.70 0.44 3.40 3.40 Elementary & Middle School, no assembly 0.44 High School, no assembly 2.22 College, no assembly 3.10 Automotive Rentals 1.13 Automotive Repair, Bodies Group Care 0.68 0.67 Medical Services: Medical Care 2.51 Lodging Services: Hotels and Motels 0.38 Boating and Harbor Activities 1.13 Recreation Services: Amusement Centers 1.70 Utility or Equipment Substation 1.13 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 Building Sq.Ft. Parking Sq.Ft. 4

Parking Worsens Housing Affordability For each parking space required in a residential unit: Price of unit increases 15-30% Number of units that can be built on typical parcel decreases 15-25% Fannie Mae: Getting rid of a car = extra $100,000 in mortgage At >300 sq ft, each parking space consumes more space than an efficiency apartment Sources: A Heavy Load: The Combined Housing and Transportation Burdens of Working Families, Center for Neighborhood Technology, 2006. The Affordability Index: A New Tool for Measuring the True Affordability of a Housing Choice, Center for Neighborhood Technology, 2008. Sedway Cook studies of parking and housing costs in San Francisco and Oakland. 6

Parking Produces Traffic Congestion Poorly managed parking results in motorists circling for a parking space, from 8 to 74% of traffic in many downtowns. Eliminating just 10% of vehicles from any congested location makes traffic free flowing. Why provide more parking than you have traffic capacity to access that parking? Sources: Cruising for Parking, Don Shoup, 2006. 7

Parking will Drive you Crazy

So what do we do? 15 Key Principles for Smarter Parking

1. Focus on Availability Methodological approach: Not turnover. Turnover Availability 10

The Key to Reform: Focus on Availability Methodological approach: Not turnover. Turnover Availability Let customers stay for ice cream Match policy to behavior Use carrots not sticks (parking tickets!) 11

2. Smart Meters Put your customers first. 12

2. Smart Meters Meters must: Accept all common forms of payment Call you up to ask if you want more time Provide data on usage Allow easy adjustment 13

3. Smart Technology

4. Right Price Harbor Garage: $1.50/hr. On-Street: $0.50/hr.

5. Right Time

6. Invest Revenue 18

7. Flex your Parking

Adam Millard-Ball, Nelson\Nygaard 8. Eliminate Minimum Parking Requirements Most cities levy minimum parking requirements Key aim: avoid spillover Usually based on standards in neighboring cities, or derived from ITE Parking Generation

ITE Rates Based on locations with no transit accessibility, no adjacent land uses R2 of 0.038 means that variation in floor area explains only 3.8 percent of variation in peak parking demand. Parking generation rate is reported as precisely 9.95 spaces per 1,000 square feet, not 10 but 9.95. 21

Tailor Parking Requirements? Parking demand varies with geographic factors: Density Transit Access Income Household size Cities can tailor parking requirements to meet demand, based on these factors Does not seek to constrain demand

9. Replace Minimums with Maximums These cities have abolished minimum parking requirements, citywide or in districts: Coral Gables, FL Eugene, OR Fort Myers, FL Fort Pierce, FL Los Angeles, CA Milwaukee, WI Olympia, WA Portland, OR San Francisco, CA Stuart, FL Seattle, WA Spokane, WA United Kingdom (illegal in entire nation) 23

10. Unbundle Separate the price of parking from the price of rental and multifamily housing. Separate parking from commercial space leases and require parking cash-out 24

11. Design Well Design parking garages to look like buildings, with active ground floor uses. Encourage below grade. Require at- and abovegrade parking to be wrapped in landscape or active uses. 25

12. Create Great Places to Walk 26

Medford, MA Medford Garage Chevalier Access: High/Forest Streetfront Source: Utile, Inc.,

73 spaces Medford Garage Existing Site Source: Utile, Inc.

238 spaces Medford Garage Garage View: Full Site Source: Utile, Inc.

LOCATION BASED PARKING OCCUPANCY

West Square 570 Parking Spaces East Square 750 Parking Spaces

Medford, MA West Square East Square Medford Garage Chevalier Access: High/Forest Streetfront Source: Utile, Inc.,

Medford MA Barrier to Utilization of Eastern Spaces

AVERAGE Pedestrian Delay PEDESTRIAN LEVEL-OF-SERVICE Seconds Likelihood of Noncompliance A B C D E F <10 Low 10-20 21-30 Moderate 31-40 41-60 High >60 Very High

MAXIMUM Pedestrian Delay PEDESTRIAN LEVEL-OF-SERVICE Seconds Likelihood of Noncompliance A B C D E F <10 Low 10-20 21-30 Moderate 31-40 41-60 High >60 Very High

Medford MA Transform to a Four Leg Intersection? SQUARE REDESIGN

PROPOSED DESIGN NEW DELAY 5-MINUTE WALKING AREA

Medford, MA 5 MINUTE WALKING WITH IMPROVED DELAY Reserve 15% = 121 85% = 689 Effectively Available = 87 100% 90% 208 251 80% 305 316 353 70% 60% 575 50% Available Occupied 40% 30% 505 602 559 494 457 20% 10% 235 0% 700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700

Medford, MA Melrose, MA

Medford, MA $7.5 M for 165 spaces or $1.5 M for 90 spaces and improved public space

13. Simplify the Signs Rockport, MA

Winchester, MA

Nantucket, MA

14. Share

Hoboken s Corner Car and Surrender your Permit Programs Problem: 9,000 on-street parking spaces 17,536 Residential Parking Permits 48

A shared car within 3 minutes of 90% of residents 49

Surrender your Permit 2 year Corner Car membership and $100 credit 6 month bus pass Rental car discounts >$500 in total benefits Each shared vehicle reduces demand for 17.6 on-street spaces Thanks: Ian Sacs, Transportation and Parking Director! 50

15. Park Once School Shop P P P T T T T T T T T T T T T P P Play P Work

Mixed Use, Park Once District Shop Work School Play P T T Results: <½ the parking <½ the land area ¼ the arterial trips 1/6 th the arterial turning movements <¼ the vehicle miles traveled

Real Parking Demand Profile 1,800 1,600 1,400 Spaces Used 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 - Time of Day

Office (150k SF): Real Demand Unshared Supply 1,800 1,800 1,600 1,600 1,400 1,400 1,200 1,200 1,000 800 2pm 1,000 800 600 600 400 400 200 200 - -

Restaurant (150k SF): Real Demand Unshared Supply 1,800 1,800 1,600 1,600 1,400 1,200 12pm 1,400 1,200 1,000 1,000 800 800 600 600 400 400 200 200 - -

Residential (150k SF/1000 units): Real Demand Unshared Supply 1,800 1,800 1,600 1,400 1,600 2 am 1,400 1,200 1,200 1,000 1,000 800 800 600 600 400 400 200 200 - -

Shared Uses: Real Demand Unshared Supply 1,800 1,800 1,600 1,400 31% Less 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,200 1,000 1,000 800 800 600 600 400 400 200 200 - -

Lexington, MA - Weekday Parking Utilization Thursday, All Spaces (1,467)

Lexington, MA - ULI Shared Parking Calculation 2,500 Medical/Dental Office Office 2,000 High Turnover Restaurant Quality Restaurant Shopping Center 1,500 1,000 500 -

Parking Spaces 6,000 5,000 4,000 Shared Parking 100% 100% 100% 90% 90% 90% Portsmouth, NH 80% 80% 80% 1,529 2541 2541 2541 2292 2292 2476 2292 2476 2476 2923 spaces 2861 3076 2923 3042 70% 3042 70% 3042 2861 3076 70% RESERVE CAPACITY EXCESS CAPACITY RESIDENTIAL OFFICE/INDUSTRIAL COMMERCIAL 3,000 60% 60% 60% 50% 50% 50% Vacant Vacant Vacant 2,000 1,000-40% 40% 40% Occupied 30% 30% 30% 3122 3122 3122 3371 3371 3187 3371 3187 3187 2802 2740 2587 2621 20% 2621 20% 2621 2802 2740 20% 2587 10% 10% 10% 0% 0% 0% 8:00 8:00 AM 8:00 AM 10:00 AM 10:00 10:00 12:00 AM AM 12:00 PM AM 12:00 PM PM PM 2:00 4:00 2:00 PM PM 6:00 4:00 4:00 PM PM 8:00 6:00 PM PM 8:00 8:00 PM PM Time of Day Occupied 60

Needham, MA: Shared Parking Pilot

CHANGE?! NO WAY! 63

Lisa Jacobson 77 Franklin St, 10 th Floor Boston, MA 02110 (617) 521-9404 ljacobson@nelsonnygaard.com NELSON\NYGAARD CONSULTING ASSOCIATES 2013

Getting Parking Right. Presented by Lisa Jacobson Rail~Volution Seattle October 2013