Visibility and Audibility of Trains on the Track

Transcription

1 Visibility and Audibility of Trains on the Track Signatures removed from electronic version Submitted by... Colin Boocock Nominated Responsible Manager Approved by... John Mitchell Chairman, Traction and Rolling Stock Subject Committee Chairman, Electrification & Plant Subject Committee Approved by... Michael Harwood Chairman, Operations Standards Subject Committee Authorised by... Ken Burrage Controller, Safety Standards Synopsis This standard defines the requirements for visibility and audibility of approaching trains as perceived by people on or near the track. It also defines the visibility requirements for trains being approached by other trains from the rear. This document is the property of Railtrack PLC. It shall not be reproduced in whole or in part without the written permission of the Controller, Safety Standards. Published by Safety & Standards Directorate Railtrack PLC Railway Technical Centre London Road Derby Copyright 1995 Railtrack PLC

2 This page is intentionally blank.

3 Page 1 of 29 Contents Section Description Page Part A Issue record 2 Responsibilities and distribution 2 Implementation 2 Disclaimer 2 Supply 2 Part B 1 Purpose 3 2 Scope 3 3 Definitions 3 4 Visibility on approach 4 5 Front end colour 5 6 Front end lamps 6 7 Visibility from the rear 9 8 Tail lamps 9 9 Maintaining performance Lamp brackets Audibility on approach Records 13 Appendices A Code of practice - Front end colour 14 B Code of practice - Front end lamps 16 C Tail lamps 20 D Code of practice - Installation of fixed lamp systems 23 E Code of practice - Portable lamps - regime for safe use 24 F Code of practice - Check list for portable head and tail lamp inspections 25 G Code of practice - Warning horns 26 H Standard lamp bracket 28 Figures App. A.1 Example of use of warning yellow and black stripes on shunting locomotives 15 App. B.1 Positions of fixed head lamps, marker lamps and tail lamps 16 Tables 1 Distances giving 25 seconds sighting of the approach of a train 5 App. A.1 Warning stripes on shunting locomotives 14 App. B.1 Recommended driver's switch positions for head and marker lamps 16 App. B.2 Fixed head lamps 17 App. B.3 Portable head lamps 18 App. B.4 Marker lamps 19 App. C.1 Minimum coefficients of retro-reflection of red panel on portable App. C2 tail lamp 20 Colour co-ordinates of red panel on portable tail lamp (BS 873: Part ) 20 App. C.3 Fixed tail lamps 21 App. C.4 Portable tail lamps 22 App. G.1 Warning horn sound pressure levels 26 References 29 R A I L T R A C K 1

4 Page 2 of 29 Issue record Withdrawn Document Part A This standard will be updated when necessary by distribution of a complete replacement. Amended or additional parts of revised pages will be marked by a vertical black line in the adjacent margin. Number Issue Date Comments GM/TT0163 1A Jan. 94 Original document One Jan. 95 Revised version of GM/TT0163 which is hereby superseded. Responsibilities and distribution Implementation Controlled copies of this standard shall be complied with by anyone responsible for specifying rail vehicle front end lamps, tail lamps, livery and warning horns. This standard shall therefore be distributed to: engineers and managers responsible for specifying procurement and life extension of traction and rolling stock (T&RS) and on-track machines, and modifications to head, marker and tail lamps, warning horns and liveries on such rail vehicles; all train operators and contractors with T&RS or on-track machines for operation on Railtrack lines. The provisions in this are mandatory. With the exception of new requirements which are black-lined in the margins of this standard (see following paragraph), the requirements in this standard that relate to lamps and warning horns apply immediately to new and extended contracts for new rail vehicle procurement, life extension or relevant modification (see definitions in section 3); the requirements for train front end colours apply from the next vehicle or front end repaint. The above implementation conditions are modified in the case of the new requirements that are black-lined in this standard, as follows: the new requirements (only) for lamps and warning horns shall be applied to contracts as described in the previous paragraph that are signed after 30 June 1995; the new requirements (only) for train front end colours shall apply to vehicle or front end repaints that fall due after 30 June Except for vehicle front end colour requirements (section 5), this standard does not, of itself, demand retrospective action affecting rail vehicles. Any modification carried out shall not diminish the existing performance of lamp and horn systems, or reduce the visible area of front end warning yellow. Disclaimer The Safety & Standards Directorate (S&SD) shall use its best endeavours to ensure that the content, layout and text of its standards are accurate, complete and in line with current best practice insofar as is reasonably practicable. It makes no warranties, express or implied, that compliance with all or any of its standards shall be sufficient to ensure safe systems of work or operation. The S&SD will not be liable to pay compensation in respect to the content or subsequent use of its standards, except where it can be shown to have acted in bad faith or there has been wilful default. Supply Controlled and uncontrolled copies of this standard must be ordered from the Catalogue Secretary, Railtrack Safety & Standards Directorate, Floor 2, Fitzroy House, 355 Euston Road, London, NW1 3AG. 2 R A I L T R A C K

5 Page 3 of 29 Part B 1 Purpose This defines visibility and audibility requirements for the leading vehicle at the front of a train, so that its approach can be perceived in sufficient time to enable people on or near the line to move to a position of safety. The standard also defines the visibility requirements for the rear of a train to be seen in adequate time by the driver of a train or locomotive approaching it at caution from the rear (see Rule Book section D). The standard also defines the requirements for assisting drivers to see line side signs and obstructions during night time running. The codes of practice in appendices A to G recommend how the principles in this standard can be achieved. 2 Scope The provisions of this apply to all trains including on-track machines permitted to operate in accordance with the Rule Book on Railtrack lines outside possessions. 3 Definitions Audibility * The ability of an approaching train, through its warning device, to be heard at a pre-determined distance by a person whose hearing meets the requirements of GH/ZT0005. Daylight visual range The maximum distance in kilometres at which a black object of large size can be seen and recognised in normal daylight (i.e. daylight illuminances are assumed to be between 2,000 and 100,000 lux). [This unit is identical to the unit visibility used in meteorology. The range is equivalent to the distance at which the transmittancy of the atmospheric path length is 5.55%.] Lamp * A device that emits light when energised. Leading vehicle * A vehicle designed to be the front vehicle of a train, with a driving position. Life extension * Major engineering change (not just a major overhaul) applied to a rail vehicle in order to extend the period of years in which the vehicle can be R A I L T R A C K 3

6 Page 4 of 29 Withdrawn Document safely and economically operated. Life extension of a rail vehicle shall require all the requirements of this standard to be met. 4 R A I L T R A C K

7 Page 5 of 29 Light Visible radiation that stimulates the sense of sight. Relevant modification * A programme of work undertaken on the vehicle specifically to enhance the performance of head or marker lamps, or tail lamps, or warning horn systems. Enhancement of one element to meet this standard shall not, of itself, require modification of all other elements of these systems. Shunting locomotive Any rail vehicle of which the primary purpose is shunting. Visibility * The ability of an approaching train to be seen at a pre-determined distance by a person whose eyesight and colour vision meet the requirements of GH/ZT0005. Warning horn Horn, whistle or other device operated by a member of the train crew to warn people on or near the line of the approach or movement of the train, and also to comply with Rule Book instructions. *These definitions are given in the context of this Railway Group Standard only. 4 Visibility on 4.1 Recognising a train approach An approaching train shall be clearly distinctive by virtue of: the front end colour; and the presence and layout of its front lamps. These features must always both be present, and must be distinctive to avoid confusion with nearby road vehicle lamps or body colours, or other moving objects. 4.2 Distance and time An approaching train running at its maximum design speed must be visible to people on or near the line (e.g. a look-out providing other people with protection) for at least 25 seconds to allow them time to move to a position of safety. The minimum sighting distances vary with train speed, and are shown in Table 1. This visibility of an approaching train shall be achieved using an arrangement of front lamps and the front end colour of the vehicle. In yards and sidings an approaching train shall also provide 25 seconds sighting time when running at the local maximum line speed. To enable the R A I L T R A C K 5

8 Page 6 of 29 Withdrawn Document speed and distance of approach of a slow moving train to be judged, the positions and spacing of the lamps shall give an indication of the width of the vehicle. 6 R A I L T R A C K

9 Page 7 of Ambient conditions The visibility of a train must be such that the requirements in paragraph 4.2 are met in daylight and in darkness, and in all intermediate lighting conditions. A train must remain visible from the distances shown in Table 1 in daylight fog, rain and falling snow except when the daylight visual range (as defined in section 3 of this standard) is reduced to less than 1,500 metres. TABLE 1: Distances giving 25 seconds sighting of the approach of a train (based on sighting distance chart in Rule Book) Speed Distance to provide 25 seconds sighting km/h mph metres , , , , Lamps and their controls shall operate and continue to operate in all climatic conditions specified for the particular vehicle on which they are fitted. 4.4 Forward illumination Sufficient illumination shall be provided to assist the driver to read at a distance of at least 200 metres, when travelling at maximum design speed, line side retro-reflective signs intended for information or warning, and to illuminate potential obstructions on the line. 5 Front end colour 5.1 Requirements Colour The forward facing front end of the leading vehicle of a train shall display an area of warning yellow colour (BR Specification 81 item 202 or BS 4800 item 08E51, or a European or international standard yellow that lies within the spectrum bounded by these two shades) Assessment of risk The risk of an approaching train not being seen rises in accordance with its approach speed and the sighting distances (Table 1). This risk, and the resultant appropriate vehicle end treatment, must be assessed when the vehicle livery is designed. The dimensions and area of warning yellow, and the application of any contrasting colours, on the front of a train shall be assessed in accordance with this risk. Appendix A gives guidance on suitable vehicle end R A I L T R A C K 7

10 Page 8 of 29 Withdrawn Document treatments for trains for high and medium speeds, and for shunting locomotives. 8 R A I L T R A C K

11 Page 9 of Minimum requirement As a minimum, there must be a forward facing continuous area of warning yellow surface of 1 m² with a minimum dimension of 0.6 m. The yellow surface may, however, be divided by the elements of an end gangway if necessary. Each section of a divided yellow surface must have an uninterrupted yellow area not less than 0.4 m², with a minimum dimension of 0.6 m. If the vehicle front slopes from the vertical or is rounded in streamlined fashion, both the area of the yellow surface and its vertical and/or lateral dimensions shall be increased by a factor of one divided by the cosine of the equivalent angle of the surface away from the forward facing vertical plane. On vehicles where it is not possible to attain a continuous area of warning yellow to this minimum requirement (e.g. some on-track machines) an acceptable alternative is for all forward-facing surfaces on the vehicle (other than transparent areas) to be coloured warning yellow. 5.2 Exceptions The following vehicle types are exempted from the requirements of paragraph 5.1: steam locomotives; trains of London Underground Limited and light railway vehicles (i.e. tram-car type), that are confined to specified routes where special operating instructions are in place; shunting locomotives (but see 5.3.1); independent snowploughs (but see 5.3.2). 5.3 Shunting locomotives and snow ploughs Shunting locomotives shall have all forward-facing surfaces painted all-over warning yellow colour with black diagonal stripes. The diagonal stripes shall be wide enough to be clearly distinguishable at the 25 seconds warning distance listed in Table 1 for the vehicle's maximum speed. Figure App. A1 illustrates an acceptable application of this principle Independent fixed-blade snow ploughs shall have either the maximum possible area of the forward facing end painted with alternate black and yellow stripes (as in 5.3.1); or at least part of the forward facing area painted warning yellow to meet the requirement in sub-paragraph 5.1.3, except where the independent snow plough is sufficiently low in height to enable at least 1m² of warning yellow on the front of the propelling locomotive to be visible on approach. 6 Front end lamps 6.1 Position Identification of direction of movement R A I L T R A C K 9

12 Page 10 of 29 Withdrawn Document To provide visual identification of the direction of movement and distance of the train, two lamps shall be positioned as close as possible to the outside edges (left and right) of the front of the leading vehicle of a train. They shall be placed with their centres no less than 1,300 mm apart laterally, equidistant from the vehicle vertical centre line as viewed from the front. The front lamp centres shall be no higher above rail level than 1,750 mm and no lower than 1,500 mm. All front lamps shall be positioned so that the light they emit is not obstructed Identification of a train To provide a distinctive lamp formation to indicate that the approaching lamps are on a train, a third, high level lamp shall also be fitted. This shall be placed high on the leading vehicle front, normally above the cab windscreens, on the vehicle vertical centre line as viewed from the front. The high level lamp shall be of low intensity (e.g. a marker lamp - see 6.2). The resultant "triangle of lights" accords with requirements for international working (see UIC leaflet number 534). Recommended head and marker lamp positions are shown in Figure App. B Performance For daylight visibility, at least one of the front lamps shall produce a beam of sufficient intensity to give 25 seconds warning to a person on or near the line side when the train is approaching at its maximum design speed. A reduced beam intensity (night time beam) may be used when the train is operating in hours of darkness. The night time beam shall adequately illuminate line side signs (normally placed on the left side of the track in the direction of travel) and obstructions on the track. Lamps that are not used for distance visibility shall be marker lamps with lower intensities suitable for identifying the presence of a train at the approach distance where visual separation of the lamps occurs. 6.3 Colour specification All forward-facing front end lamps must give white light to BS 1376, Signal White Class C with concession of the x co-ordinate under the CIE 1931 Colour System up to and including 0.45 (or equivalent European or international standard). 6.4 Glare Each of the leading vehicle's front lamps designed for use at night shall achieve a glare illuminance no greater than 0.4 lux at the eyes of the driver of an approaching train on a parallel straight track. It is, however, acceptable for a head lamp specifically designed for 10 R A I L T R A C K

13 Page 11 of 29 daylight use that can be used as a temporary replacement for a failed "night time" head lamp to be designed to achieve a glare illuminance no greater than 1.7 lux per lamp at night at the eyes of the driver of an approaching train on a parallel straight track. R A I L T R A C K 11

14 Page 12 of 29 Withdrawn Document 6.5 Continuous operation Head and marker lamps shall be designed to be continuously illuminated. 6.6 Control The driver shall be able to switch the lamps on and off, and between the required modes, from his normal driving position, for example: all lamps off; marker lamps only; daylight running; night time running. 6.7 Hazard warning It must be possible for a driver to warn on-coming trains of a perceived hazard. To achieve this, the driver must be able to switch either all front lamps or two head lamps to cause simultaneous flashing at a frequency of 40 ±10% cycles per minute. The lamps must continue to flash after the driver has actuated the hazard warning switch until such time as he actuates the switch again to turn the flashing off. Each "on-off" cycle must be timed to ensure that the lamp filaments are fully on and fully off once in each cycle. 6.8 Operational check A system shall be provided whereby operation of all fixed front end or tail lamps local to that end of the vehicle can be continuously monitored by a method visible to the driver in his normal driving position. 6.9 Reliability of front lamp system The basic requirement is that three front lamps (6.1.1) shall be illuminated when a train is in service. In the event of failure of a lamp, minimum requirements for operation with head and marker lamps are: there shall always be at least one head lamp illuminated when a train is operating on railway running lines; there shall always be at least one marker lamp illuminated when a train is in yards and sidings Portable head lamps Portable head lamps shall meet the requirements of sections 4 and 6 of this standard, with the exception of paragraphs 6.6 to 6.8. The recommended specification for portable head lamps is BR specification BR/TS0629. There shall be provision for mounting portable head lamps to take account of the following circumstances: there is no electric supply on the leading vehicle of a train; the front lamps of the leading vehicle consist only of fixed marker lamps with no head lamps; or the fixed head lamp on the leading vehicle has failed. 12 R A I L T R A C K

15 Page 13 of 29 R A I L T R A C K 13

16 Page 14 of 29 Withdrawn Document 6.11 Shunting locomotives Shunting locomotives that are required to operate on Railtrack running lines shall conform to the requirements of this section (6) in addition to the special requirement in paragraph Imported rail vehicles Imported rail vehicles may have front lamps provided in accordance with UIC leaflet number 534. Such lamp arrangements are acceptable for operation on Railtrack lines provided they are tested as conforming to the visibility requirements in section 4 of this standard Good practice Appendix B shows recommended design parameters for fixed and portable front lamp systems. 7 Visibility from the Visibility from a train approaching from the rear rear The rear of a stationary train, must be visible to the driver of a train approaching from the rear from a distance of at least 400 metres in daylight fog, rain and falling snow except when the daylight visual range (as defined in section 3 of this standard) is reduced to less than 1,500 metres. 8 Tail lamps 8.1 Configurations The visibility specified in section 7 shall be achieved by the use of one or more of the following configurations: (a) two fixed tail lamps giving a steady light. This arrangement is mandatory on all rail vehicles likely to be at the rear of a train other than those vehicles on which there is no electric supply, in which case there shall be: (b) one portable tail lamp that flashes at 120 ±10% flashes per minute. Configuration (a) is acceptable for international operation (see UIC leaflet number 532) Two fixed tail lamps When two fixed tail lamps are used they shall be positioned as close as possible to the outside edges (left and right) of the vehicle end. They shall be placed with their centres no less than 1,300 mm apart laterally, equidistant from the vehicle vertical centre line as viewed from the front, and no lower than 1,500 mm above rail level One portable tail lamp When one portable tail lamp is used it shall be mounted on a lamp bracket with its lamp beam axis no lower than 1,500 mm above rail level. The case of a portable tail lamp shall be coloured white. The front of the lamp case (i.e. the surface of the case that faces a train approaching from the rear) shall exhibit a red retro-reflective 14 R A I L T R A C K

17 Page 15 of 29 rectangular surface with a minimum retro-reflective area of 14,000 mm² and a minimum dimension of 95mm. Mandatory and recommended characteristics of the retro-reflector are given in Appendix C Avoiding obstructions All tail lamps shall be positioned on the vehicle so that the light they emit is not obstructed. 8.2 Intensity All tail lamps shall be of sufficient intensity to meet the visibility requirements specified in section 7 of this standard. 8.3 Colour specification All tail lamps shall give red light to BS 1376 Signal Red Class B or Class C or equivalent European or international standard. 8.4 Continuous operation Tail lamps, whether steady light or flashing, shall be designed to be continuously operated. 8.5 Reliability The basic requirement is that two fixed tail lamps or one portable tail lamp (8.1) shall be illuminated when a train is in service. In the event of failure of a lamp in service, the minimum requirement is that at the rear of the train one fixed tail lamp shall be illuminated, or one portable tail lamp be in position (and replaced quickly when it is reported to have failed). In the event of total failure of the fixed tail lamp system, provision shall be made to place a portable tail lamp on a lamp bracket to enable train operation to continue. 8.6 Portable tail lamps Portable tail lamps shall meet the requirements of sections 7 and 8 of this standard. The recommended specification for portable tail lamps is BR specification BR/TS Shunting locomotives On shunting locomotives, it shall be possible for marker lamp and one tail lamp to be illuminated at both ends of the locomotive when on shunting duties. 8.8 Imported rail vehicles Imported rail vehicles may have tail lamps fitted in accordance with UIC leaflet number 532. UIC 532 lamp arrangements are acceptable for operation on Railtrack lines provided they are tested and action taken to ensure that they conform to the visibility requirements in section 7 of this standard. As supplied, UIC 532 tail lamps may not meet the 400 metres distance, in daylight, visibility R A I L T R A C K 15

18 Page 16 of 29 Withdrawn Document requirement in section 7 of this standard. The performance of such tail lamps shall be changed to that in Table App. C R A I L T R A C K

19 Page 17 of Good practice Appendix C shows mandatory and recommended design parameters for fixed and portable tail lamp systems. 9 Maintaining 9.1 Warning yellow areas performance To maintain visibility of the approach of the train, there must be arrangements in place to clean the warning yellow areas in order to prevent and correct occlusion or darkening of the yellow colour by a build-up of dirt or staining from track or brake blocks, deposits from engine exhausts or accumulation of insects. 9.2 Lamp systems Cleaning and maintenance Fixed and portable lamp systems must be cleaned and maintained to enable their optical performance to meet the requirements of this standard in service at all times. Lamp alignments must be maintained as accurately as is reasonably practicable throughout the vehicle life. See Appendix D for recommended parameters for fixed lamp adjustments Battery condition Portable lamps shall have an indicator system that alerts personnel when battery attention is required (e.g. charging or changing), giving as far as is reasonably practicable a day's notice of the need. Battery life shall be as long as is reasonably practicable with the lamp in continuous use. 9.3 Good practice Appendix E recommends an operating and maintenance regime for safe use of portable head and tail lamps. A check list for inspections of portable lamps is given in Appendix F. 10 Lamp brackets All vehicle ends that are likely to be at the extremity of a train shall have provision for fitting at least one standard lamp bracket able to support rigidly a portable head or tail lamp. The lamp bracket(s) shall be located such that the axis of the lens of a portable lamp shall be no lower than 1,500 mm above rail level. In addition, the axis of the lens of a portable head lamp shall not be higher than 1,750 mm above rail level. The alignment of the lamp bracket(s) shall be maintained so that the beam direction of a portable head lamp achieves the sighting requirements in Table 1. Appendix H details the requirements for lamp brackets. Lamp brackets to UIC leaflet 534 are also acceptable. R A I L T R A C K 17

20 Page 18 of 29 Withdrawn Document 11 Audibility on 11.1 Requirement approach All trains shall be fitted with warning horns as defined in section 3 of this standard Distance The warning horn of an approaching train shall, as far as is reasonably practicable, be audible to people on or near the line from a distance of at least 400 metres. [NB: Wind direction and speed, atmospheric conditions, and the presence of other sources of nearby or background noise can reduce the audibility of train warning horns. In such circumstances, special arrangements must be made to protect personnel on or near the lineside in accordance with the Rule Book.] 11.3 Recognising a train The tones of the audible warning device shall be recognisable as being from a train and not similar to warning devices used in road transport or as factory or other common warning devices. The acceptable horn tones are either: two separately sounded horns with notes spaced by at least one full tone. The fundamental frequencies of these tones should be: - high note: 370 Hz ± 20 Hz; - low note: 311 Hz ± 20 Hz; three melodiously harmonised horns sounded together as a chord. The fundamental frequencies of the chord should be: - high note: 622 Hz ± 30 Hz; - middle note: 470 Hz ± 25 Hz; - low note: 370 Hz ± 20 Hz. Further, recommended parameters for warning horns are given in Appendix G "Loud" and "soft" modes Warning horns on trains designed to exceed 160 km/h shall produce a "loud" sound to warn people on the track of their approach at high speed. These horns shall also include a "soft" mode for use when operating in yards and sidings. Recommended sound pressure levels for loud and soft modes are given in Appendix G Reliability Warning horns and their control systems shall be protected, as far as is reasonably practicable, from impact and subsequent blockage by airborne objects such as debris, dust, snow, hail or birds. Any protection equipment provided shall not impair the ability of the horns to meet the requirements in paragraph R A I L T R A C K

21 Page 19 of On-track machines Each on-track machine must be equipped with two-note warning horns. There shall be warning horns for each direction of operation. The horns shall comply either with the requirements of this standard or with the requirements in UIC leaflet number Records Records shall be maintained of all tests, maintenance, repairs and modifications to the head, marker and tail lamps and warning horns on a rail vehicle. The records shall, as far as is reasonably practicable, specify the serial number of each item. These records shall be retained in accordance with the requirements in GM/TT0110. R A I L T R A C K 19

22 Page 20 of 29 Withdrawn Document Appendix A This appendix is for information only. Code of practice - Front end colour This code of practice relates to sections 4 and 5. A.1 General Section 5 of this mandates the use of warning yellow colour applied to leading vehicle ends so that the front ends of trains are visible on approach. A.2 Assuring visibility The visibility of colour arrangements varies significantly according to the distance at which the train has to be sighted. For high speed trains (160 km/h upwards) as much as possible of the forward facing area should be yellow. (For maximum visibility, the yellow area should extend to the extreme edges of the vehicle front, including the cab roof.) For medium speed trains (say, up to 145 km/h) some visual contrast between the yellow area and a black coloured area aids visibility. (A black area across the cab windows achieves this contrast.) For shunting locomotives, a black-and-yellow striped arrangement is mandatory (see paragraph A.3). and snowploughs A.3 Shunting Locomotives For locomotives designed for shunting purposes subparagraph mandates the use of black diagonal stripes across the warning yellow area. The stripes should be applied at approximately 45 from the vertical. The width of each stripe, at 90 to the edge of the stripe, should be in accordance with Table App. A.1. The distance between adjacent stripes should be the same as the width of the stripes. Figure App. A.1 shows an example. Similar treatment is recommended for the larger independent snowploughs. TABLE App. A.1: Warning stripes on shunting locomotives Speed Minimum width of stripe for 25 seconds warning Km/ mph mm Maximum width of diagonal stripes should be 2 x the appropriate minimum width given in this table. 20 R A I L T R A C K

23 Page 21 of 29 R A I L T R A C K 21

24 Page 22 of 29 Withdrawn Document FIGURE App. A.1: Example of use of warning yellow and black stripes on shunting locomotives 22 R A I L T R A C K

25 Page 23 of 29 Appendix B This appendix is for information only. Code of practice - Front end lamps This code of practice relates to sections 4 and 6. B.1 Standard layout Section 6 of this mandates the use of three front lamps at the front of a train. These front end lamps should be laid out as in Figure App. B.1. The dimensions in Figure App. B.1 are nominal. Please see Tables App. B.2, 4 and C.1 for recommended ranges of dimensions. FIGURE App. B.1: Positions of fixed head lamps, marker lamps and tail lamps M M M DH T T NH M T DH M T NH M 1100mm 1500mm to rail DH - "DAY TIME" HEAD LAMP NH - "NIGHT TIME" HEAD LAMP M - MARKER LAMP T - TAIL LAMP 1100mm 1750mm to rail NB: This figure shows frontal elevations of the cab end, viewed from outside the vehicle. B.2 Hazard warning Where a hazard warning system is fitted, the driver's switch should be coloured orange with an unfilled black triangle. The switch should illuminate when operated, flashing with the head lamps to remind the driver that the hazard warning is in operation. B.3 Lamp switching TABLE App. B.1: Recommended driver's switch positions for head and marker lamps Switch position Lamps lit 1 None 2 All markers and night head lamp(s) 3 All markers 4 All markers and day head lamp(s) R A I L T R A C K 23

26 Page 24 of 29 Withdrawn Document B.4 Intensity of The light intensity produced by fixed head lamps should comply with head lamps Table App. B.2. [N.B.: In Tables App. B.2, 3, 4, C.1 and 2, vertical and lateral values of luminous intensity are relative to the optical axis of each system. This axis is parallel to the geometrical axis of the vehicle passing through the centre of the vehicle front. The figure 0 to the vertical or horizontal axis refers to the light intensity when the lamp is correctly aligned. The other angles in the tables refer to the light intensities issued by the lamp when it is at the same alignment but with the light measured from the other angles. Note that the maximum fixed head lamp intensity occurs when the beam is angled 1 down from the horizontal centre line. If the vehicle front slopes or is curved away from the forward facing, vertical plane, the lit areas should be increased by a factor of one divided by the cosine of the angle of the surface from the forward facing vertical plane. In Tables App. B.2, 3, 4, C.1 and 2, the following notation is used: U = up D = down L = left R = right] TABLE App. B.2: Fixed head lamps Type: Continuously on (when selected) Colour: BS1376 Signal White Class C with concession of the x coordinate under the CIE 1931 Colour System up to and including 0.45 Lit area: 20,000 to 30,000 mm² Minimum dimension from lamp centre: 50 mm Maximum dimension from lamp centre: 100 mm Position: >650 mm from vehicle front vertical centre line; between 1,500 and 1,750 mm above rail level Beam shape: Elliptical (but night time head lamp curtailed at the top); no secondary maxima Evenly lit front surface Luminous intensity: "Day time" head lamp: for speed of 225 km/h (140 mph) Vertical Horizontal Min. candelas Max. candelas 0 U, D 0 L, R 18,000 25,000 1 D 0 L, R 50,000 70,000 maxima 1 U 0 L, R 4,000 5,600 0 U, D 5 L, R 2,000 3,000 1 D 5 L, R 10,000 14, R A I L T R A C K

27 Page 25 of 29 TABLE App. B.2: Fixed head lamps (continued) Luminous intensity: "Night time" head lamp: for maximum speed at night of 225 km/h (140 mph) or in daylight of 200 km/h (125 mph) Vertical Horizontal Min. candelas Max. candelas 0 U, D 0 L, R 7,000 10,000 1 D 0 L, R 35,000 50,000 maxima 1 U 0 L, R 1,000 1,400 0 U, D 5 L, R 1,800 2,500 1 D 5 L, R 8,000 12,000 Portable head lamps should comply with Table App. B.3 and conform to BR specification BR/TS0629. TABLE App. B.3: Portable head lamps Type: Continuously on (when selected) Colour: BS1376 Signal White Class C with concession of the x coordinate under the CIE 1931 Colour System up to and including 0.45 Lit area: 10,000 to 12,000 mm² Minimum dimension from lamp centre: 33 mm Maximum dimension from lamp centre: 60 mm Position: On lamp bracket on or adjacent to buffer beam Beam shape: Circular; no secondary maxima Evenly lit front surface Luminous intensity: Portable head lamp: for maximum speed of 120 km/h (75 mph) Vertical Horizontal Min. candelas Max. candelas 1 U 0 L, R 600 1,400 0 U, D 0 L, R 1,200 8,000 maxima 0 U, D 5 L, R 600 1,000 5 U, D 0 L, R 600 1,000 R A I L T R A C K 25

28 Page 26 of 29 Withdrawn Document B.5 Intensity of The light intensity produced by fixed marker lamps should comply marker lamps with the requirements given in Table App. B.4. TABLE App. B.4: Marker lamps Type: Continuously on (when selected) Colour: BS1376 Signal White Class C with concession of the x coordinate under the CIE 1931 Colour System up to and including 0.45 Lit area: 8,000 to 12,000 mm² Minimum dimension from lamp centre: 33 mm Maximum dimension from lamp centre: 100 mm Position: Close to lateral extremes of vehicle front; >650 mm from vehicle centre line Beam shape: Circular or elliptical; no secondary maxima Evenly lit front surface Luminous intensity: Lower marker lamps Vertical Horizontal Min. candelas Max. candelas 0 U, D 0 L, R maxima 0 U, D 5 L, R U, D 0 L, R The upper marker lamp should have luminous intensity values of 50% those given in this table. B.6 On-track machines For equipping of lamps, on-track machines formed in multiple should be considered as single units and not as separate elements. The controls of the front and tail lamps and all working lamps (e.g. flood lamps, foot step illuminators) should be separate and clearly identified. B.7 UIC leaflet 534 Imported rail vehicles may have front lamps provided in accordance with UIC leaflet number 534. Such lamp arrangements are acceptable for operation on Railtrack lines provided they are tested as conforming to the visibility requirements in section 4 of this standard. 26 R A I L T R A C K

29 Page 27 of 29 Appendix C Tail lamps This appendix relates to sections 7 and 8 of this standard. The first part of this appendix is mandatory. C.1 Specification for The front of the lamp case of a portable tail lamp (i.e. the surface of retro-reflective panel on portable tail lamp the case that faces a train approaching from the rear) shall exhibit a red retroreflective rectangular surface of BS 1376 Signal Red class A (with a concession of the x co-ordinate under the CIE 1931 Colour System to no less than 0.6) with a minimum retro-reflective area of 14,000 mm² and a minimum dimension of 95mm. The minimum coefficients of retro-reflection shall be as in Table App. C.1, in accordance with publication CIE 54: TABLE App. C.1: Minimum coefficients of retroreflection of red panel on portable tail lamp (cd/(lux/m²)) Entrance angles (Beta 1) (Beta 2) Observation angle (Alpha) minutes of arc Rotation angle (Epsilon) The colour of the retro-reflective panel shall lie within the box described in Table App. C.2 below. TABLE App. C.2: Colour co-ordinates of red panel on portable tail lamp (BS 873: Part 6: 1983) Co-ordinates x y Red limit on the spectrum locus Amber limit on the spectrum locus Desaturated/red boundary limit Desaturated/amber boundary limit The luminance factor of the retro-reflector shall be greater than R A I L T R A C K 27

30 Page 28 of 29 Withdrawn Document The rest of this appendix is for information only. The colour co-ordinates in Table App. C.2 are of the CIE 1931, x, y type. Measurement of the retro-reflective panel is achieved using the apparatus described in BS 873 Part 1: 1983 clause 6.2, and using the procedure in clause 6.3 of the same British Standard. However, the following exceptions should apply: the illuminant D65 should be used to illuminate the reflector's surface; the reflector's surface should be illuminated at 0 from the surface's normal, and the light reflected from that surface at 45 from the surface's normal should be measured. NB: These conditions describe a CIE O/45 geometry. C.2 Intensity of tail lamps The intensity of tail lamps should comply with Tables App. C.3 or 4. TABLE App. C.3: Fixed tail lamps Type: Continuously on (when selected) Colour: BS1376 Signal Red Class B or Class C Lit area: 8,000 to 12,000 mm² Minimum dimension from lamp centre: 33 mm Maximum dimension from lamp centre: 60 mm Position: Close to lateral extremes of vehicle rear; >650 mm from vehicle vertical centre line, and at least 1,500 mm above rail level Beam shape: Elliptical; no secondary maxima Luminous intensity: Fixed tail lamp Vertical Horizontal Min. candelas Max. candelas 0 U, D 0 L, R maxima 0 U, D 5 L, R D 0 L, R Portable tail lamps should comply with Table App. C.4 and conform to BR specification BR/TS R A I L T R A C K

31 Page 29 of 29 TABLE App. C.4: Portable tail lamps Type: Flashing (120 cycles/min ± 10%) Colour: BS1376 Signal Red Class B or Class C Lit area: 8,000 to 12,000 mm² Minimum dimension from lamp centre: 33 mm Maximum dimension from lamp centre: 60 mm Position: On lamp bracket at or adjacent to headstock level Beam shape: Elliptical; curtailed below axis Luminous intensity: Portable tail lamp Vertical Horizontal Min. candelas Max. candelas 0 U, D 0 L, R maxima 0 U, D 5 L, R U 0 L, R D 0 L, R C.3 Operational checks A method should be provided whereby operation of both fixed tail lamps local to that end of the vehicle can be checked without the train crew member having to descend from the vehicle. It is also desirable for the driver of a fixed formation or multiple unit train to be able to check the operation of the remote tail lamps on that train. R A I L T R A C K 29

32 Page 30 of 29 Withdrawn Document Appendix D This appendix is for information only. Code of practice - Installation of fixed lamp systems This code of practice relates to section 9. D.1 General requirements Fixed lamps should be designed and installed to ensure that they are: capable of operating in ambient temperatures between -25 C and +40 C; able to accommodate any internal temperature rise and any accumulated condensation that may occur due to variations in temperature; able to have consumable components changed without special tools; easily cleaned inside and outside to maintain optical performance. The head and marker lamps should be mounted behind (or the lenses should be) clear, scratch and impact resistant material. The tail lamps should be mounted behind (or the lens should be) scratch and impact resistant red material to BS 1376 Class A, designed to give uniform distribution of light across the whole of the lens surface without bright spots. Different lamps may be combined in the same mountings, and lamps with multiple filaments may be used, providing that the requirements in Tables B.2, 4 and C.1 are maintained. The enclosures should be of weatherproof construction to EN (IP66). D.2 Head lamp Each head lamp should be provided with a fine screw adjustment of alignment adjustment head lamp alignment. The integrity of waterproofing should not be impaired by the installation of this adjustment. Adjustment should always be maintained to ±0.2 from the nominal alignment. One adjustment screw or pair of screws should provide up to ±5 vertical adjustment; a similar screw or pair of screws should provide up to ±5 horizontal adjustment. These adjustments should not alter as a result of any of the vibrations normally generated on a moving rail vehicle. 30 R A I L T R A C K

33 Page 31 of 29 Appendix E This appendix is for information only. Code of practice - Portable lamps - regime for safe use This code of practice relates to section 9. E.1 Procurement Each train operating company should control sufficient portable head lamps, tail lamps and batteries to meet the needs of their individual operations. Portable lamps should comply with BR specifications BR/TS0629 and BR/TS0630. E.2 Use in service Each train operating company should train its staff to observe the principles of safe working of portable head and tail lamps set out in the Rule Book. Each portable lamp should be marked with its owning company or location, and arrangements made to return it there when not required for further use. When in use on a train, portable lamps should be fitted on lamp brackets (see Appendix H) on the rail vehicle at the head or tail of the train. Portable lamps should not be dropped on to any hard surface. E.3 Maintenance Portable lamps should be inspected at intervals of, say, not more than six months in order to establish their condition and continued fitness for purpose. The inspections should be carried out by competent staff and should meet at least the requirements in the checklist shown in Appendix F. Records should be kept showing date of inspection, location, defects found and action taken. After inspection, each lamp should be marked with the date up to which it may continue in service before the next inspection is due. Lamps found to be past their inspection date should be withdrawn from service. A lamp not displaying its next inspection date should also be withdrawn from service. E.4 Defect reporting There should be a defect reporting system in place within each train and repair operating company to ensure that all defective portable head and tail lamps are taken out of service immediately and a suitable report made of the circumstances. Defective lamps should be sent to a qualified repairer (see GM/TT0182). Before any lamp is returned to service after repair it should be checked that it conforms with either Table App. B.3 or Table C.4 of this code of practice, or against the appropriate specification. R A I L T R A C K 31

34 Page 32 of 29 Withdrawn Document Appendix F This appendix is for information only. Code of practice - Check list for portable head and tail lamp inspections This code of practice relates to section 9. Component check Remarks F.1 Exterior Carry out functional test Does lamp work when shaken? Outer securing bolts Check for corrosion and damage Washers Correct number and condition? Brackets and fixing bolts Check for corrosion and damage Four base feet Level platform to be created Seal between mouldings Sealed correctly, or perished? Casing Cracks or holes? Transparent front screen or lens Damaged or scratched? Replace if necessary + Retro-reflective panel Condition? Replace if necessary Luminous intensity Compliant with standard? F.2 Interior Check for presence of water Reflector or reflector/diffuser Alignment of bulb or light emitting diodes Circuit board Loose or damaged components? Wiring Fatigued, chafed or broken? Main switch Function test Transparent cover or lens Cracks; integrity of seal? * Filament lamp Replace Lamp holder and support Check mechanical integrity Pillar mouldings Cracks; condition of 'O' rings Wiring to battery Signs of trapping damage Battery connections Check for condition and tightness Battery Check condition and replace if necessary + Low battery warning circuit Detach one battery connector and check warning light * Low battery warning system Measure maximum voltage at which light emitting diode becomes lit * Broken filament detector Check function F.3 Lamp re-assembly Battery Positioned correctly with wires clear of Seal Carry out functional test mouldings Seated correctly Key: This check list applies to portable lamps to BR specifications BR/TS0629 and BR/TS0630. * Item applies to portable head lamp only + Item applies to portable tail lamp only 32 R A I L T R A C K

35 Page 33 of 29 Appendix G This appendix is for information only. Code of practice - Warning horns This code of practice relates to section 11. NB: The operating and measurement conditions and definitions of units for the following paragraphs are those stated in BR Specification TME/NOY/1001. G.1 Sound levels The C-weighted sound pressure level produced by each horn sounded separately (or in a group if designed to sound simultaneously as a chord) should be in accordance with Table App. G.1. TABLE App. G.1: Warning horn sound pressure levels Distance in front of vehicle Minimum db 5 metres 100 metres Maximum Minimum db db Trains for 160 km/h or less: Trains for above 160 km/h: horns in "loud" mode horns in "soft" mode When the train, travelling at 10 km/h with either of its warning horns (or group of horns if designed to sound as a chord) sounding continuously, passes trackside measuring instruments as described below, the C-weighted sound pressure level should not exceed 135 db. The measurement positions should be on both sides of the track at a horizontal distance of 1.2 and 2.0 metres from the nearest rail and 1.5 metres above the level of the rail head. The meter should be set to "Fast" response. G.2 Notes and harmonics The following alternative horn configurations are acceptable on Railtrack. G.2.1 Standard 2 notes There should be two independently operated horns, one producing a high note, the other producing a low note. Their fundamental frequencies should be: high note Hz ± 20 Hz low note Hz ± 20 Hz G note chord (if specified) R A I L T R A C K 33

36 Page 34 of 29 Withdrawn Document There should be three horns, each producing a different note. All three horns should sound together when the horn controller is in the "high" or "chord" mode. 34 R A I L T R A C K

37 Page 35 of 29 The lowest of the three horns should sound on its own when the driver's horn control is operated in the "low" or "note" mode. The fundamental frequencies should be: high note Hz ± 30 Hz middle note Hz ± 25 Hz low note Hz ± 20 Hz G.2.3 Harmonics Each note produced by the high, middle and low pitched horns should comprise a harmonic series consisting of a fundamental frequency together with all of its even and odd harmonics up to at least 4 khz. The sound pressure level of each of the 2nd to 6th harmonics should be within +15 db and -20 db of the sound pressure level of the fundamental. The sound pressure level of the 7th and higher harmonics should be within +5 db and -20 db of the sound pressure level of the fundamental. G.3 Shunting locomotives On shunting locomotives and on-track machines that have two and on-track machines driving cabs, a single-note rear-sounding horn should be provided. G.4 Controls Horn controllers should employ a "joy stick" handle device, sprung "centre off", with horn notes obtainable at fore (high note) and aft (low note) positions as appropriate. Additional positions are required for "soft" and "loud" modes. G.5 UIC leaflet 644 Imported rail vehicles may have warning horns provided in accordance with UIC leaflet number 644. Such horn arrangements are acceptable for operation on Railtrack lines provided they are tested as conforming to the requirements in sections 11 and G.3 of this standard. R A I L T R A C K 35

38 R12 Page 36 of 29 Withdrawn Document Appendix H Standard lamp bracket This code of practice relates to section 10. Dimensions in millimetres Dimensions in millimetres MINIMUM DISTANCE FROM VEHICLE STRUCTURE 3 7 R ATTACHMENT TO SUIT VEHICLE DESIGN NB: For lamp bracket to be used on rail vehicles carrying highly flammable goods, see BR drawing number F-A R A I L T R A C K

39 Page 37 of 29 References BR 81 BR BR/TS0629 BR/TS0630 BS 873 BS 1376 BS 4800 CIE 54 CIE 1931 EN GH/ZT0005 GM/TT0110 GM/TT0182 TME/NOY/1001 UIC 532 UIC 534 UIC 644 Specification for Paints for Rolling Stock Rule Book Equipment Specification for Portable Head Lamp System Equipment Specification for Portable Tail Lamp System Road Traffic Signs and Internally Illuminated Bollards Specification for Colours of Light Signals Paint Colours for Building Purposes Retro-Reflection: Definition and Measurement Standard Colorimetric Observer Degrees of Protection Provided by Enclosures (IP code) Medical Fitness of Persons Competent in Personal Track Safety Traction and Rolling Stock Records Qualification of Rail Vehicle Suppliers Standards for the Measurement of Internal and External Noise Levels from Railway Vehicles Trailing Stock Signal Lamp Brackets Coaches Fixed Electric Signal Lamps Signal-Lamps and Signal-Lamp Brackets for Locomotives, Railcars and all Tractive and Self-Propelled Stock Warning Devices Used on Tractive Units Employed on International Services R A I L T R A C K 37