Operator s Manual. Flameless Air Heater HIF 690

Transcription

1 Operator s Manual Flameless Air Heater HIF 690 EN

2 Copyright notice Copyright 2013 by Wacker Neuson Production Americas LLC All rights, including copying and distribution rights, are reserved. This publication may be photocopied by the original purchaser of the machine. Any other type of reproduction is prohibited without express written permission from Wacker Neuson Production Americas LLC. Any type of reproduction or distribution not authorized by Wacker Neuson Production Americas LLC represents an infringement of valid copyrights. Violators will be prosecuted. Trademarks All trademarks referenced in this manual are the property of their respective owners. Manufacturer Wacker Neuson Production Americas LLC N92W15000 Anthony Avenue Menomonee Falls, WI U.S.A. Tel: (262) Fax: (262) Tel: (800) Original instructions This Operator s Manual presents the original instructions. The original language of this Operator s Manual is American English.

3 HIF 690 Foreword Foreword SAVE THESE INSTRUCTIONS This manual contains important instructions for the machine models below. These instructions have been written expressly by Wacker Neuson Production Americas LLC and must be followed during installation, operation, and maintenance of the machines. Machine Item Number HIF Machine identification Serial number (S/N) wc_gr A nameplate listing the model number, item number, revision number, and serial number is attached to this machine. The location of the nameplate is shown above. For future reference, record the serial number in the space provided below. You will need the serial number when requesting parts or service for this machine. Serial Number: Machine documentation Expectations for information in this manual From this point forward in this documentation, Wacker Neuson Production Americas LLC will be referred to as Wacker Neuson. Keep a copy of the Operator s Manual with the machine at all times. Use the separate Parts Book supplied with the machine to order replacement parts. If you are missing either of these documents, please contact Wacker Neuson to order a replacement or visit When ordering parts or requesting service information, be prepared to provide the machine model number, item number, revision number, and serial number. This manual provides information and procedures to safely operate and maintain the above Wacker Neuson model(s). For your own safety and to reduce the risk of injury, carefully read, understand, and observe all instructions described in this manual. Wacker Neuson expressly reserves the right to make technical modifications, even without notice, which improve the performance or safety standards of its machines. wc_tx003348gb.fm 3

4 Foreword HIF 690 The information contained in this manual is based on machines manufactured up until the time of publication. Wacker Neuson reserves the right to change any portion of this information without notice. The illustrations, parts, and procedures in this manual refer to Wacker Neuson factory-installed components. Your machine may vary depending on the requirements of your specific region. CALIFORNIA Proposition 65 Warning Combustion exhaust, some of its constituents, and certain vehicle components contain or emit chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. Laws pertaining to spark arresters NOTICE: State Health Safety Codes and Public Resources Codes specify that in certain locations spark arresters be used on internal combustion engines that use hydrocarbon fuels. A spark arrester is a device designed to prevent accidental discharge of sparks or flames from the engine exhaust. Spark arresters are qualified and rated by the United States Forest Service for this purpose. In order to comply with local laws regarding spark arresters, consult the engine distributor or the local Health and Safety Administrator. Manufacturer s approval This manual contains references to approved parts, attachments, and modifications. The following definitions apply: Approved parts or attachments are those either manufactured or provided by Wacker Neuson. Approved modifications are those performed by an authorized Wacker Neuson service center according to written instructions published by Wacker Neuson. Unapproved parts, attachments, and modifications are those that do not meet the approved criteria. Unapproved parts, attachments, or modifications may have the following consequences: Serious injury hazards to the operator and persons in the work area Permanent damage to the machine which will not be covered under warranty Contact your Wacker Neuson dealer immediately if you have questions about approved or unapproved parts, attachments, or modifications. 4 wc_tx003348gb.fm

5 HIF 690 Table of Contents Foreword 3 1 Safety Information Signal Words Used in this Manual Machine Description and Intended Use Operating Safety Service Safety Operator Safety while Using Internal Combustion Engines Safety Guidelines for Lifting and Transporting the Machine Safety Guidelines for Towing the Machine Reporting Safety Defects Labels Label Locations Label Meanings Lifting and Transporting Before Towing Checklist Tying Down and Transporting the Machine Lifting the Machine Testing the Breakaway System (Electric Brakes) Operation Control and Component Locations-External Control and Component Locations-Internal Control and Component Locations-Internal (Continued) Control Panel Preparing the Machine for First Use Preliminary Checks Starting the Engine Stopping Starting in Cold Weather Recommended Fuel Running the Machine Maintenance Maintaining the Emission Control System wc_bo _02toc.fm 5

6 Table of Contents HIF Machine Checking the CALFLO AF Level Changing the CALFLO AF Filter Changing the Air Filter Elements Engine Storing the Machine Troubleshooting Machine Technical Data Machine Dimensions Engine...49 MSDS: CALFLO AF 50 Tire Safety Information 57 8 Schematics 69 6 wc_bo _02toc.fm

7 HIF 690 Safety Information 1 Safety Information 1.1 Signal Words Used in this Manual This manual contains DANGER, WARNING, CAUTION, NOTICE, and NOTE signal words which must be followed to reduce the possibility of personal injury, damage to the equipment, or improper service. This is the safety alert symbol. It is used to alert you to potential personal hazards. Obey all safety messages that follow this symbol. DANGER DANGER indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, will result in death or serious injury. To avoid death or serious injury from this type of hazard, obey all safety messages that follow this signal word. WARNING WARNING indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury. To avoid possible death or serious injury from this type of hazard, obey all safety messages that follow this signal word. CAUTION CAUTION indicates a hazardous situation which, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury. To avoid possible minor or moderate injury from this type of hazard, obey all safety messages that follow this signal word. NOTICE: Used without the safety alert symbol, NOTICE indicates a situation which, if not avoided, could result in property damage. Note: A Note contains additional information important to a procedure. wc_si000772gb.fm 7

8 Safety Information HIF Machine Description and Intended Use The HIF series heaters are flameless air heaters. The machine consists of the following components: Air recirculation inlet Automatic louvers Emergency stop Exhaust heat exchanger Engine radiator Hydraulic heat plate Heat plate radiator Fuel tank Trailer Diesel engine High-temperature shut-down switch Interchangeable 12'' and 20'' duct adapters Positive air shut off (automatic) SAE-1171 sealed alternator Single point lift bail Recirculated air or outside air (depending on the application) is pulled in by the engine fan through the exhaust heat exchanger and engine radiator. The clean, dry, warm air is heated further by pulling it through the engine compartment and past the heat plate. Finally, the warmed air is heated to its maximum temperature by pulling it through the primary exhaust exchanger and heat plate radiator. The heated air is then pushed out of the machine by the engine fan. The HIF series heaters are intended to provide heat on outdoor sites and in other rugged applications. Do not use these machines indoors. This machine has been designed and built strictly for the intended use described above. Using the machine for any other purpose could permanently damage the machine or seriously injure the operator or other persons on the work site. Machine damage caused by misuse is not covered under warranty. This machine has been designed and built in accordance with the latest global safety standards. It has been carefully engineered to eliminate hazards as far as practicable, and to increase operator safety through protective guards and labeling. However, some risks may remain even after protective measures have been taken. They are called residual risks. On this machine, they may include exposure to: exhaust emissions hot surfaces such as exhaust vents fuel and fuel fumes when refueling To protect yourself and others, thoroughly read and understand the safety information presented in this manual before operating the machine. Wacker Neuson offers many optional accessories for the machine. These accessories include the following: Duct adapters (various sizes, available as kits, or individual ducts) Covers for inlet and outlets (need to be removed before operation) Exhaust vents and elbows 8 wc_si000772gb.fm

9 HIF Operating Safety Safety Information DANGER Carbon monoxide. Using the machine indoors CAN KILL YOU IN MINUTES. Exhaust gas contains carbon monoxide (CO). This is a deadly poison you cannot see or smell. If you can smell the exhaust, you are breathing CO. Even if you cannot smell the exhaust, you could be breathing CO. NEVER operate the machine inside an enclosed area, such as a home, tunnel, or garage. ONLY use the machine outside and far away from windows, doors, and vents. These openings can pull in exhaust. ALWAYS use a battery-powered or battery-backup CO alarm in nearby structures. Even when you use the machine correctly, CO may leak into nearby structures. If you start to feel sick, dizzy, or weak after the machine has been running, move to fresh air IMMEDIATELY. See a doctor. You could have carbon monoxide poison. Operator training Operator qualifications Before operating the machine: Read and understand the operating instructions contained in all manuals delivered with the machine. Familiarize yourself with the location and proper use of all controls and safety devices. Contact Wacker Neuson for additional training if necessary. When operating this machine: Do not allow improperly trained people to operate the machine. People operating the machine must be familiar with the potential risks and hazards associated with it. Only trained personnel are permitted to start, operate, and shut down the machine. They also must meet the following qualifications: have received instruction on how to properly use the machine are familiar with required safety devices The machine must not be accessed or operated by: children people impaired by alcohol or drugs wc_si000772gb.fm 9

10 Safety Information HIF 690 Application area Be aware of the application area. Keep unauthorized personnel, children, and pets away from the machine. Remain aware of changing positions and the movement of other equipment and personnel in the application area/job site. Be aware of the application area. Do not operate the machine in areas that contain flammable objects, fuels, or products that produce flammable vapors. Safety devices, controls, and attachments Only operate the machine when: All safety devices and guards are in place and in working order. All controls operate correctly. The machine is set up correctly according to the instructions in the Operator s Manual. The machine is clean. The machine s labels are legible. To ensure safe operation of the machine: Do not operate the machine if any safety devices or guards are missing or inoperative. Do not modify or defeat the safety devices. Only use accessories or attachments that are approved by Wacker Neuson. Safe operating practices Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) When operating this machine: Remain aware of the machine s moving parts. Keep hands, feet, and loose clothing away from the machine s moving parts. When operating this machine: Do not operate a machine in need of repair. Do not consume the operating fluids used in this machine. Depending on your machine model, these operating fluids may include water, wetting agents, fuel (gasoline, diesel, kerosene, propane, or natural gas), oil, coolant, hydraulic fluid, heat transfer fluid (propylene glycol with additives), battery acid, or grease. Wear the following Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) while operating this machine: Close-fitting work clothes that do not hinder movement Safety glasses with side shields Hearing protection Safety-toed footwear 10 wc_si000772gb.fm

11 HIF Service Safety Safety Information Service training Precautions Before servicing or maintaining the machine: Read and understand the instructions contained in all manuals delivered with the machine. Familiarize yourself with the location and proper use of all controls and safety devices. Only trained personnel shall troubleshoot or repair problems occurring with the machine. Contact Wacker Neuson for additional training if necessary. When servicing or maintaining this machine: Do not allow improperly trained people to service or maintain the machine. Personnel servicing or maintaining the machine must be familiar with the associated potential risks and hazards. Follow the precautions below when servicing or maintaining the machine. Read and understand the service procedures before performing any service to the machine. All adjustments and repairs must be completed before operation. Do not operate the machine with a known problem or deficiency. All repairs and adjustments shall be completed by a qualified technician. Turn off the machine before performing maintenance or making repairs. Machine modifications When servicing or maintaining the machine: Use only accessories/attachments that are approved by Wacker Neuson. When servicing or maintaining the machine: Do not defeat safety devices. Do not modify the machine without the express written approval of Wacker Neuson. Replacing parts and labels Cleaning Replace worn or damaged components. Replace all missing and hard-to-read labels. When replacing electrical components, use components that are identical in rating and performance to the original components. When replacement parts are required for this machine, use only Wacker Neuson replacement parts or those parts equivalent to the original in all types of specifications, such as physical dimensions, type, strength, and material. When cleaning and servicing the machine: Keep the machine clean and free of debris such as leaves, paper, cartons, etc. Keep the labels legible. When cleaning the machine: Do not clean the machine while it is running. Never use gasoline or other types of fuels or flammable solvents to clean the machine. Fumes from fuels and solvents can become explosive. wc_si000772gb.fm 11

12 Safety Information HIF 690 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Wear the following Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) while servicing or maintaining this machine: Close-fitting work clothes that do not hinder movement Safety glasses with side shields Hearing protection Safety-toed footwear In addition, before servicing or maintaining the machine: Tie back long hair. Remove all jewelry (including rings). After Use Stop the engine when the machine is not being operated. Close the fuel valve, if equipped, when machine is not being operated. Ensure that the machine will not tip over, roll, slide, or fall when not being operated. Store the machine in a clean, dry location out of the reach of children. 12 wc_si000772gb.fm

13 HIF 690 Safety Information 1.5 Operator Safety while Using Internal Combustion Engines WARNING Internal combustion engines present special hazards during operation and fueling. Failure to follow the warnings and safety standards could result in severe injury or death. Read and follow the warning instructions in the engine owner s manual and the safety guidelines below. DANGER Carbon monoxide. Exhaust gas from the engine contains carbon monoxide, a deadly poison. Exposure to carbon monoxide can kill you in minutes. NEVER operate the machine inside an enclosed area, such as a tunnel or home. NEVER operate the machine inside an enclosed area, such as a tunnel or home. Operating safety Refueling safety When running the engine: Keep the area around exhaust pipe free of flammable materials. Check the fuel lines and the fuel tank for leaks and cracks before starting the engine. Do not run the machine if fuel leaks are present or the fuel lines are loose. When running the engine: Do not smoke while operating the machine. Do not run the engine near sparks or open flames. Do not touch the engine or muffler while the engine is running or immediately after it has been turned off. Do not operate a machine when its fuel cap is loose or missing. Do not start the engine if fuel has spilled or a fuel odor is present. Move the machine away from the spill and wipe the machine dry before starting. When refueling the engine: Clean up any spilled fuel immediately. Refill the fuel tank in a well-ventilated area. Replace the fuel tank cap after refueling. Use suitable tools for refueling (for example, a fuel hose or funnel). Open the fuel tank valve under the engine. When refueling the engine: Do not smoke. Do not refuel a hot or running engine. Do not refuel the engine near sparks or open flames. wc_si000772gb.fm 13

14 Safety Information HIF Safety Guidelines for Lifting and Transporting the Machine When lifting the machine: Make sure slings, chains, hooks, ramps, jacks, forklifts, cranes, hoists, and any other type of lifting device used is attached securely and has enough weightbearing capacity to lift or hold the machine safely. See section Technical Data for machine weight. Remain aware of the location of other people when lifting the machine. Only use the lifting points and tie-downs described in the Operator s Manual. Make sure the transporting vehicle has sufficient load capacity and platform size to safely transport the machine. To reduce the possibility of injury: Do not stand under the machine while it is being lifted or moved. Do not get onto the machine while it is being lifted or moved. Only lift the machine in a static (vertical) motion. Do not move the machine horizontally during lifting procedures. Wacker Neuson recommends draining the fuel tank before lifting. 14 wc_si000772gb.fm

15 HIF 690 Safety Information 1.7 Safety Guidelines for Towing the Machine WARNING Risk of severe injury or death. Improper trailer condition and towing technique can lead to an accident. Obey the trailer manufacturer s instructions and the instructions below to reduce the risk of an accident. When towing the machine: Do not tow the machine if the towing vehicle s hitch or the trailer s coupler are damaged. Do not tow the machine if any of the trailer s lug nuts are missing. Do not tow the machine if the trailer s tires have less than 1.5 mm (1/16 inch) of tread. Do not tow the machine unless the trailer s brakes are functioning properly. Do not exceed the trailer manufacturer s speed limitations. When towing the machine: Only tow the machine when the trailer s lug nuts are properly torqued. Only tow the machine when the trailer s tires are properly inflated. Only tow the machine when all trailer lights are functioning correctly. Only tow the machine when the trailer s safety chains are connected to the towing vehicle in a crisscross pattern. Maintain extra distance between the towing vehicle and other vehicles. Avoid soft shoulders, curbs, and sudden lane changes. Abide by all licensing requirements for your area. If you have not driven a towing vehicle with trailer before, practice turning, stopping, and backing up the towing vehicle with trailer in an area away from traffic. Only drive the towing vehicle with trailer when you are confident in your ability to do so. wc_si000772gb.fm 15

16 Safety Information HIF Reporting Safety Defects If you believe your trailer has a defect which could cause a crash or could cause injury or death, you should immediately inform the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) in addition to notifying Wacker Neuson. If NHTSA receives similar complaints, it may open an investigation; and if it finds that a safety defect exists in a group of trailers, it may order a recall and remedy campaign. However, NHTSA cannot become involved in individual problems between you, your dealer, or Wacker Neuson. To contact NHTSA, you may either contact the Vehicle Safety Hotline toll-free at (TTY: ); go to or write to: Administrator NHTSA 1200 New Jersey Avenue S.E. Washington, DC You can also obtain other information about your motor vehicle safety from 16 wc_si000772gb.fm

17 HIF Labels 2.1 Label Locations Labels n o a w e o n a z aa h n b c x f c b c f x b d n x n g m d e t a k r n l n y p q wc_gr wc_si000773gb.fm 17

18 Labels HIF Label Meanings Ref. Label Meaning a DANGER Asphyxiation hazazrd. Heater exhaust contains carbon monoxide. This is a poison you cannot see or smell. Do not operate this machine indoors or in an enclosed area. Read the Operator's Manual. b Tie-down point c Fork lift pocket d Approved stepping location. e WARNING Entanglement hazard. Rotating machinery. Do not reach inside machine when it is running. 18 wc_si000773gb.fm

19 HIF 690 Labels Ref. Label Meaning f CAUTION Wheel nuts must be tightened to 110 ft.lbs. g WARNING Pressurized contents. Do not open when hot! (Engine radiator) h Weight/mass label. This label indicates the total weight of the machine. k WARNING To reduce the risk of hearing loss, always wear hearing protection when operating this machine. l Use only CALFLO AF. wc_si000773gb.fm 19

20 Labels HIF 690 Ref. Label Meaning m WARNING Do not engage trailer jack while transporting the machine. Read the Operator s Manual for further instructions. n WARNING Hot surface o Lifting point location. Lifting equipment must be rated for 3750 lb (1700 kg). p Ultra low sulfur fuel only 20 wc_si000773gb.fm

21 HIF 690 Labels Ref. Label Meaning q CAUTION This machine uses diesel fuel. r Block heater location s CALFLO AF filter location t Minimum run speed is 1800 RPM. u Use only CALFLO AF. v Maximum static pressure 5 inches water column. Maximum air temperature in the duct is 190 F. w Do not use left over gasoline or oil drainings in the machine s systems. x Drain location for containment skid. wc_si000773gb.fm 21

22 Labels HIF 690 Ref. Label Meaning y y STARTING INSTRUCTIONS 1.Reach inside the heat chamber and on the left rear side of the engine turn the Master Switch clockwise 45 degrees to ON. 2.Depress the fuel pump primer until all air is purged. 3.On the control panel flip the toggle switch to ON position. 4.Hold the Murphy button down. 5.Verify that the "wait to start" red light is OFF before proceeding. 6.Depress the starter button until the engine engages. 7.NEVER hold in the starter button for more than 10 seconds at any one time. 8.Continue to hold the Murphy button until the engine is running and the oil pressure gauge reads 5 psi or more. 9.If the engine fails to start, repeat cycle. 10.Maintain 1500 RPM for several minutes allowing engine to warm up properly. CONSULT OPERATOR'S MANUAL FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION COLD STARTING 1.In below freezing weather, plug the engine block heater that is mounted on the unit into a 120V electrical outlet for approximately 2.5 hours. 2.In sub-arctic weather below -20 F, preheat the unit in a shop or other structure before operating. Also plug in the engine block heater. SHUT DOWN 1.Lower the RPM to approximately for several minutes to allow engine to cool down. 2.Flip the toggle Switch or Key as equipped on the control panel to the OFF position. 22 wc_si000773gb.fm

23 HIF 690 Labels Ref. Label Meaning z z TOWING Before towing the Heater, inspect the trailer visually to ensure that the following operations have been completed: 1.Hitch is securely attached to the towing vehicle (safety chain secured). 2.Verify that the fuel tank is completely empty. 3.Taillights are connected and operating. 4.Check for adequate tire pressure. CLEARANCES AND LEVELING Ensure that the heater is level. Maximum "out of level" must not exceed 10 degrees. During operation, combustible materials must be kept a minimum of two feet away from all sides of the heater; heater must be on a non-combustible floor. If heater is equipped with tube storage, combustible material cannot be stored in this area. WARNING If outside temperature is expected to rise above 32 F both discharge air ports must remain unblocked to allow adequate cooling air flow. RPM needs be decreased as outside temperature rises about 32 F. The heat generating unit will overheat and shut down if these instructions are not followed. wc_si000773gb.fm 23

24 Labels HIF 690 Ref. Label Meaning aa aa CAUTION 1.Do not operate the unit in close proximity to combustible surface or materials. 2.Hot while in operation. Do not touch. Keep children, clothing, and combustibles away. 3.Do not refuel while heater is running. 4.Heater must be grounded prior to start up. 5.Do not smoke or use an open flame in heater vicinity while servicing the fuel tank. Failure to comply may result in serious injury or death. 6.Use only approved fuel. 7.Do not touch heat plate casing, muffler, exhaust pipes, and exhaust stack during or immediately after operation. 8.Shock or injury may result from working on electrical components. Disconnect battery before performing any repairs. 9.Perform maintenance only after the heater has cooled. 10.Wear approved ear protection within 10 feet of operating unit. 11.Ensure heater is on level ground prior to running it and leaving it unattended. 12.The installation of the unit shall be in accordance with the regulations of the authorities having jurisdiction. 13.Use Heater outdoors only. 14.Do not use with external fuel tank. 15.Prior to performing maintenance to the heater review the owner's manual for procedures relating to heater maintenance and specifications. DO NOT TAMPER WITH THE UNIT. HAVE A COMPETENT TECHNICIAN MAKE ANY ADJUSTMENTS. NOTE: Gradually cool down the heater before shutting off engine. Allow engine to idle for several minutes to accomplish this. This is critical to ensure years of dependable service. 24 wc_si000773gb.fm

25 HIF 690 Lifting and Transporting 3 Lifting and Transporting 3.1 Before Towing Checklist Before towing the machine, check the licensing requirements for trailers in your area. Also check the following items: Towing vehicle Check that the towing vehicle is rated to tow the load. Check that the towing vehicle is in serviceable condition. Do any necessary service/maintenance on the towing vehicle. Hitch and coupler Check that the towing vehicle and hitch have a rating equal to or greater than the GVWR of the machine. See Technical Data. Check that the hitch of the towing vehicle and coupler of the trailer are compatible. Check the condition of both the coupler and the hitch. Check that all fasteners on the coupler are tight. Check that the coupler has fresh grease applied to it. Wheels Check that wheel chocks are available at the work site. Check that all lug nuts are in place and are properly torqued. Check the tread wear of the tires. Check that the tires are inflated to the proper pressure. Trailer preparation Check that all doors and access panels are closed and latched. Check that outriggers (if applicable) are retracted. Check local regulations regarding hazardous materials placards. If applicable, install the appropriate placards. Trailer operation Check that the trailer jacks are in the traveling (horizontal) position. Check that the directional and running lights on the trailer function correctly. Check that the safety chains of the trailer are connected to the towing vehicle using a crisscross pattern. Check the operation of the trailer brakes by braking the towing vehicle at a slow speed. Both the vehicle and the trailer must brake smoothly. If the trailer pushes, check the fluid level in the surge brakes or the operation of the electric brakes. Check that the trailer s breakaway cable (if applicable) is attached to the towing vehicle. Test the function of the breakaway system (if applicable). wc_tx003349gb.fm 25

26 Lifting and Transporting HIF Tying Down and Transporting the Machine Requirements Engine shut down Master switch OFF Procedure Perform the procedure below to tie down the machine. 1. Make sure that the transport vehicle is capable of handling the weight and size of the machine. See Technical Data for dimensions and operating weight. 2. Close all access doors. a a wc_gr Block or chock the wheels and trailer tongue as shown. 4. Attach steel ropes or chains to each of the three tie down points (a) on the front and rear of the machine. 5. Attach the other end of the chains to an appropriate vehicle capable of handling the weight of the machine. NOTICES Do not position ropes or chains across the machine frame or panels when tying down the machine. Damage to the machine may occur. Do not use the jack to support the machine during transport. 26 wc_tx003349gb.fm

27 HIF 690 Lifting and Transporting 3.3 Lifting the Machine Requirements Lifting equipment (crane, hoist, or forklift truck) capable of supporting the machine s weight Lifting hook and chain capable of supporting the machine s weight WARNING Crushing hazard. You may be crushed if the lifting devices fail. Never stand under, or get onto, the machine while it is being lifted or moved. Use only the designated lifting point to lift the machine. NOTICE: Do not move the machine horizontally during lifting procedures. Procedure Follow the procedure below to lift the machine. 1. Stop the engine. 2. Empty the fuel tank (recommended). 3. Close and secure any open doors or access panels. 4. There are two possible methods of lifting this machine. a. To use the lifting eye (a), attach a chain to the lifting eye using hooks or shackles. b. To use the fork pocket (b), insert the lifting fork such that one fork is in the pocket and the other is under the trailer tongue. NOTICE: Be sure to place the fork completely under the machine before attempting to lift. The fork must make contact with the trailer tongue and not the fuel tank. a b 5. Lift the machine as necessary. wc_gr wc_tx003349gb.fm 27

28 Lifting and Transporting HIF Testing the Breakaway System (Electric Brakes) Requirements Voltmeter Battery charger or backup battery (charged) When Procedure Test the breakaway system: Before towing Monthly if the machine is not in service Perform the following procedure to test the breakaway system. NOTICE: Disconnect the trailer wiring plug from the tow vehicle before testing. Failure to do so will result in severe damage to the electronic brake control. 1. Connect the machine/trailer to the tow vehicle. 2. Disconnect the trailer wiring plug (a) from the tow vehicle. Note: Graphics are representative only. Your machine may vary. c b a wc_gr wc_gr Pull the breakaway pin (b) out of the brake switch (c) (to activate the brakes) and attempt to tow the machine/trailer at a very slow speed (less than 5 mph). When activated, a properly working breakaway system will cause substantial drag on the trailer wheels and may even cause the trailer wheels to lock. 4. Stop the tow vehicle. WARNING Personal injury hazard. A faulty breakaway system may lead to an accident and personal injury if the machine/trailer breaks away. Do not tow the machine/trailer if the breakaway system is faulty. This procedure continues on the next page. 28 wc_tx003349gb.fm

29 200m HIF 690 Lifting and Transporting Continued from the previous page. 5. If the brakes did not function, check the voltage of the breakaway battery. To do so: a. Remove the cover of the battery box. b. Remove the wires connected to the breakaway battery (d). c. Measure the voltage. If VDC is not measured, replace or recharge the breakaway battery. d - + F V 2 A VDC V- COM wc_gr If VDC was measured but the brakes did not function, there is a wiring or mechanical fault with the brakes. Repair any faults before towing. 7. If the brakes function properly: a. Reconnect the wires to the breakaway battery. b. Re-install the cover to the battery box. c. Re-install the breakaway pin (b) into the brake switch. d. Connect the trailer wiring plug to the tow vehicle. Result The procedure to test the breakaway system is now complete. wc_tx003349gb.fm 29

30 Operation HIF Operation 4.1 Control and Component Locations-External a o b c d e f n m k h g wc_gr Ref. Description Ref. Description a Engine exhaust pipe g Fuel tank b Strobe light h Drain fitting c Sky hook k Tie-down d Engine air inlet m Break-away box e Lockable access door n Air inlet and duct adapters f Air outlet and duct adapters o Emergency stop 30 wc_tx003350gb.fm

31 HIF Control and Component Locations-Internal Operation Note: Panels removed for clarity. a b c d e f n k g h m wc_gr Ref. Description Ref. Description a Engine radiator g Heat plate radiator b Main control panel h Fan c Engine air intake pipe k Heat plate assembly d Engine overspeed shutdown valve m Lockable master switch e Engine air filter n Thermostat control f Heat plate radiator vent wc_tx003350gb.fm 31

32 Operation HIF Control and Component Locations-Internal (Continued) Note: Panels removed for clarity. o p q v u r w x t s wc_gr Ref. Description Ref. Description o CALFLO AF filter t Battery p CALFLO AF reservoir and sightglass u Engine oil filter q Engine alternator v Fuel primer bulb and fuel filter r Coalescent oil filter w Engine oil drain hose s Operator s Manual holder x CALFLO AF drain hose 32 wc_tx003350gb.fm

33 HIF 690 Operation 4.4 Control Panel Ref Description Ref Description a Engine shutoff test handle g Throttle control switch b Fuel gauge h ON/OFF/Glow plug switch c Plate pressure gauge j Start button d Temperature gauge k Murphy switch (engine override) e Thermostat control m Tachometer f Lockable master switch 4.5 Preparing the Machine for First Use 1. Make sure all loose packaging materials have been removed from the machine. 2. Check the machine and its components for damage. If there is visible damage, do not operate the machine! Contact your Wacker Neuson dealer immediately for assistance. 3. Take inventory of all items included with the machine and verify that all loose components and fasteners are accounted for. 4. Attach component parts not already attached. 5. Add fluids as needed and applicable, including fuel, engine oil, and battery acid. 6. Move the machine to its operating location. wc_tx003350gb.fm 33

34 Operation HIF Preliminary Checks Requirements Before starting Machine on a flat, level surface Before starting the machine, check the following items: Engine coolant level Engine oil level Engine air filter and housing replace soiled filters CALFLO AF level Diesel fuel level 1/4 tank minimum Condition of intercooler and radiator cooling fins Panels and doors closed Battery charge and terminal connection Air inlet and output areas open and free of obstructions. NOTICE: Top off the lubricating and CALFLO AF levels. See "Lubricants" table in the Technical Data chapter. When doing so, use clean containers and funnels to avoid contamination. Before operating Before operating the machine: Check the machine for fluid leaks. Repair them before operating. Check the work area for obstructions. Remove all obstructions. HIF 1200 machines Verify that the fuel tank valve under the engine is open. Allow the engine to warm up according to the following schedule: Ambient Temperature Time (min.) Above 0 C (32 F) 5 Below 0 C (32 F) wc_tx003350gb.fm

35 HIF Starting the Engine Operation DANGER Carbon monoxide. Engine exhaust contains carbon monoxide which CAN KILL YOU IN MINUTES. This is a poison that you cannot see or smell. Do not start the engine in enclosed spaces. NOTICE: The machine will not start if the fuel level is below approximately 10 gallons. Procedure Follow the procedure below to start the engine. 1. Verify that the Master Switch is ON. 2. Press and hold the Murphy switch (a), then press and hold the glow plug switch (b) in the GLOW position for 5 10 seconds. 3. Release the glow plug switch. The switch will return to the ON position. 4. Continue to hold the Murphy switch. a b 5-10s wc_gr Press and hold the START button (c) for no more than 10 seconds until the engine starts. Repeat steps 1 5 if necessary up to 3 times. If the fuel tank has been recently emptied or refilled, the fuel system may need to be primed. See step 7 if the engine does not start after 3 attempts. >5 PSI c <10s NOTICE: Holding the START button for more than 10 seconds may damage the engine. wc_gr Continue to hold the Murphy switch until the plate pressure gauge reads 5 psi or greater. Note: The machine will shut down if the Murphy switch is released before the plate oil pressure reaches 5 psi. This procedure continues on the next page. wc_tx003350gb.fm 35

36 Operation HIF 690 Priming the fuel system (if necessary) Continued from the previous page. 7. If the engine does not start, press the primer button (e) on top of the fuel filter (f) several times. Repeat steps 2 6. e f wc_gr Warm-up period 8. Release the Murphy switch (a). 9. Allow the engine to warm up at 1800 RPM. See topic Preliminary Checks. a d 10.Adjust the engine rpm, as needed, using the throttle toggle switch (d). Pressing the toggle switch up increases rpm. Pressing and holding the toggle switch down decreases rpm. If the machine shuts down after a few minutes, see topic Troubleshooting. wc_gr Stopping Procedure Follow the procedure below to stop the machine. 1. Decrease the rpm to approximately 1,400 for 5 minutes to allow the engine to cool. 2. Set the glow plug toggle switch to the OFF position. ~0:05 wc_gr wc_tx003350gb.fm

37 HIF 690 Operation 4.9 Starting in Cold Weather Background In temperatures below freezing, diesel fuel will coagulate and cause problems with starting the machine. The engine will require preheating. Preheating can be achieved using the installed 120V block heater or by using a heater or other heat source indoors. Guidelines In temperatures between 32 F (0 C) and -20 F (-29 C) the machine should be preheated using the block heater. Plug the block heater into a 120V outlet. Let the engine warm for 2.5 hours minimum. In temperatures below -20 F (-29 C), the machine should be preheated indoors. The block heater should also be used during preheating procedures. After preheating, the machine can be started normally. See topic Starting the Machine Recommended Fuel Low temperatures cause diesel fuel to gel. Always use the proper fuel for the conditions. Follow the guidelines in the table below. Lowest expected ambient temperature Above freezing < 0 C (32 F) Below freezing > 0 C (32 F) Recommended fuel 1 #2 diesel plus additives Winter-blend diesel 1 Your engine may require ultra low sulfur fuel. Consult the engine owner s manual. NOTICE: Consult the engine owner s manual regarding the use of biodiesel fuel in this machine. Some biodiesel blends may clog the fuel system or gel at cold ambient temperatures sooner than petroleum-based diesel. CAUTION Fire hazard. Do not use gasoline, crankcase oil, or any oil containing gasoline. wc_tx003350gb.fm 37

38 Operation HIF Running the Machine DANGER Carbon monoxide. Using the machine indoors CAN KILL YOU IN MINUTES. Exhaust gas contains carbon monoxide (CO). This is a deadly poison you cannot see or smell. If you can smell the exhaust, you are breathing CO. Even if you cannot smell the exhaust, you could be breathing CO. NEVER operate the machine inside an enclosed area, such as a home, tunnel, or garage. ONLY use the machine outside and far away from windows, doors, and vents. These openings can pull in exhaust. ALWAYS use a battery-powered or battery-backup CO alarm in nearby structures. Even when you use the machine correctly, CO may leak into nearby structures. If you start to feel sick, dizzy, or weak after the machine has been running, move to fresh air IMMEDIATELY. See a doctor. You could have carbon monoxide poison. Background The Wacker Neuson Flameless Heaters are designed to safely provide heat without open flames. Ambient conditions will affect machine performance factors in many ways. To obtain maximum efficiency, the application area conditions must be considered along with the desired effect. Use the informatin and guidelines below to adjust machine parameters in order to obtain maximum system efficiency and to avoid unnecessary down-time. Overheat shutdown If the engine is not warmed up properly, the CALFLO AF could become hotter than the set-point temperature before the louvers can open to cool the system. This will result in a machine shutdown. To avoid this situation, allow the engine to warm up sufficiently before increasing rpm. See topic Preliminary Checks. Typical settings Most application areas will be efficiently heated using a 170 F (76 C) setpoint. Be sure to allow a proper engine warm-up period before setting the temperature controller. See topic Preliminary Checks. This procedure continues on the next page. 38 wc_tx003350gb.fm

39 HIF 690 Continued from the previous page. Operation Guidelines Observe all safety guidelines and instructions in the Operator s Manual. Do not use engine rpm to adjust output temperature. Keep all doors and panels closed during operation. Use approved Wacker Neuson duct adapters and ducts. System efficiency Refer to the examples below to determine the settings that will acheive maximum efficiency while running your machine. Parameter Example1 Example 2 Appilcation area Small, enclosed Large, partially enclosed Recommended temperature control setting Effects >170 F Reduced airflow Increased temperature rise <170 F Increased airflow Nominal temperature rise Setting the temperature Engine rpm Setting the temperature will control the louvers on the air intake end of the machine. As the system heats up, the louvers automatically adjust to control airflow and system temperature. Perform the procedure below to set the temperature. 1. Start the engine. See Starting the Engine. 2. Allow engine to warm up. See Preliminary Checks. 3. Increase engine rpm. Minimum running speed:1,800 rpm Maximum running speed: 2,500 rpm. 4. Use the dial on the temperature controller to set to the desired output temperature. Maximum output temperature: 250 F (121 C). Engine rpm is a relevant factor for machine performance and efficiency. The user can choose the rpm setting for operation. Adjusting rpm alone will have the follwing effects. Running at higher rpm will: increase fuel usage speed up temperature rise increase airflow Running at lower rpm will: decrease fuel usage slow down temperature rise decrease airflow wc_tx003350gb.fm 39

40 Maintenance HIF Maintenance 5.1 Maintaining the Emission Control System Normal maintenance, replacement, or repair of emission control devices and systems may be performed by any repair establishment or individual; however, warranty repairs must be performed by a dealer/service center authorized by Wacker Neuson. The use of service parts that are not equivalent in performance and durability to authorized parts may impair the effectiveness of the emission control system and may have a bearing on the outcome of a warranty claim. 5.2 Machine The table below lists basic machine maintenance. Tasks designated with check marks may be performed by the operator. Tasks designated with square bullet points require special training and equipment. Interval* (hours of service) Item Task (10) Daily (250) 3 month (500) 6 month (1000) Yearly (2000) 2 years Fluid systems Check all for leaks CALFLO AF level Check CALFLO AF filter Replace Air filter elements (inner and outer) Replace Radiator coolant Check Heat plate fluid (CALFLO AF) Replace * Use whichever comes first. 40 wc_tx003351gb.fm

41 HIF Checking the CALFLO AF Level Maintenance When Requirements Procedure Daily Machine off Perform the procedure below to check the CALFLO AF level. 1. Stop the machine. 2. Open the access door. 3. The CALFLO AF expands as it heats up. Observe the temperature of the fluid then, observe the sightglass (a). 4. If the CALFLO AF level is low, add as necessary. Note: Graphic is representational only. Your machine may vary. a HOT CHAUD COLD FROID ADD CALFLO TM AF AJOUTER CALFLO TM AF wc_gr wc_tx003351gb.fm 41

42 Maintenance HIF Changing the CALFLO AF Filter When Every 1000 hours Requirements Engine is stopped and cool to the touch Plastic sheet and container New filter Fresh CALFLO AF Procedure Follow the procedure below to change the CALFLO AF filter. 1. Stop the machine. WARNING Burn hazard. CALFLO AF is hot and under pressure at operating temperature. Stop the machine and let it cool before replacing the filter. 2. Open the access door. 3. Place a plastic sheet and container under the filter (a). a wc_gr Twist and remove the filter. 5. Lubricate the seal on the mounting face of the new filter. 6. Install the new filter. 7. Refill the CALFLO AF reservoir as necessary so the sight glass is completely covered. See topic Checking the CALFLO AF Level. 8. Close the access door. 9. Start the machine and check for leaks. Result The CALFLO AF filter has now been replaced. 42 wc_tx003351gb.fm

43 HIF Changing the Air Filter Elements Maintenance When Check daily Replace as needed Requirements Engine is stopped and cool to the touch New air filter elements Procedure Perform the procedure below to change the air filter elements. 1. Stop the machine. 2. Open the access door. 3. Remove the canister cover and pull out the air filter elements (a). The small inner element (b) is nested inside the large outer element. a b wc_gr Install a new filter element set and re-install the cover. Result The air filter elements have now been replaced. wc_tx003351gb.fm 43

44 Maintenance HIF Engine The table below lists basic engine maintenance. Tasks designated with check marks may be performed by the operator. Tasks designated with square bullet points require special training and equipment. Refer to the engine manufacturer s owner s manual for additional information. Interval (hours of service) Item Task (10) Daily (250) 3 month (500) 6 month (1000) Yearly (2000) 2 years Fuel-water separator Drain Engine oil level Check Engine coolant level Check Drive belts Inspect Cooling fan Inspect Crankcase breather tube Inspect Engine oil (and filter) Change Air intake system Inspect Air cleaner restriction Check Radiator pressure cap Check Fuel filter Change Fuel supply lines Prime/Vent Injection pump Prime/Vent Cooling system Check Drive belt tension Measure Coalescent filter Check/ replace Cooling system Drain Valve clearance Adjust 44 wc_tx003351gb.fm

45 HIF Storing the Machine Maintenance Introduction When Preparing for storage Stabilizing the fuel Storing the machine Extended storage of equipment requires preventive maintenance. Performing these steps helps to preserve machine components and ensures the machine will be ready for future use. While not all of these steps necessarily apply to this machine, the basic procedures remain the same. Prepare your machine for extended storage if it will not be operated for 30 days or more. Follow the procedures below to prepare your machine for storage. Complete any needed repairs. Replenish or change oils (engine, exciter, hydraulic, and gearcase) per the intervals specified in the Scheduled Maintenance table. Grease all fittings and, if applicable, repack bearings. Inspect engine coolant. Replace coolant if it appears cloudy, is more than two seasons old, or does not meet the average lowest temperature for your area. If your machine has an engine equipped with a fuel valve, start the engine, close the fuel valve, and run the engine until it stops. Consult the engine owner s manual for instructions on preparing the engine for storage. After completing the procedures listed above, fill the fuel tank completely and add a high-quality stabilizer to the fuel. Choose a stabilizer that includes cleaning agents and additives designed to coat/protect the cylinder walls. Make sure the stabilizer you use is compatible with the fuel in your area, fuel type, grade and temperature range. Do not add extra alcohol to fuels which already contain it (for example, E10). For engines with diesel fuel, use a stabilizer with a biocide to restrict or prevent bacteria and fungus growth. Add the correct amount of stabilizer per the manufacturer s recommendations. Perform these remaining steps to store your machine. Wash the machine and allow it to dry. Move the machine to a clean, dry, secure storage location. Block or chock wheels to prevent machine movement. Use touch-up paint as needed to protect exposed metal against rust. If the machine has a battery, either remove or disconnect it. NOTICE: Allowing the battery to freeze or completely discharge is likely to cause permanent damage. Periodically charge the battery while the machine is not in use. In cold climates, store and charge the battery indoors or in a warm location. Cover the machine. Tires and other exposed rubber items should be protected from the weather. Either cover them or use a readily available protectant. wc_tx003351gb.fm 45

46 Troubleshooting HIF Troubleshooting 6.1 Machine Problem Cause Remedy Engine will not crank The master switch is not on. Open the main door of the left side of the machine and turn the master switch on. Engine cranks but will not start. Overheat/shutdown conditions. The battery is dead. The glow plug switch is not on. No fuel. Chalwyn valve is activated. Air in the fuel system. Fuel injection pump not primed. (HIF 1200) Fuel tank valve is closed. Access doors are open. Air outlets are not open. Front radiator or rear oil cooler are full of debris. Engine rpm is set too high based on ambient temperatures. Front louvers are not open Charge the battery and clean the terminals. Verify the glow plug switch on the control panel is in the ON position. Check the fuel level. Wait a few minutes for the valve to reset. Check the fuel lines on top of the injectors and prime the system until there is no air coming out, then retighten the fitting. Open the fuel fill cap located on the rear of the machine, then depress the primer button until fuel can be heard dripping back in to the tank through the return line. Open the fuel tank valve under the engine. Close all access doors. Open the air outlets and verify that there are no obstructions. Clean the machine. The heat plate temp gauge is set to shut down if the plates reach 250 F (121 C). if the louvers are wide open and the unit is shutting down, lower the rpm setting. Open the louvers. The rod is not connected to the arm. Re-attach the rod through the swivel bolts. 46 wc_tx003352gb.fm

47 HIF 690 Troubleshooting Problem Cause Remedy Heat plate oil pressure gauge indicates loss of or reduction in pressure. No CALFLO AF in the system. The pressure gauge has malfunctioned. Check the reservoir to verify that there is oil in the sightglass. If not, add CALFLO AF. See topic Lubrication. Replace the pressure gauge. wc_tx003352gb.fm 47

48 Technical Data HIF Technical Data 7.1 Machine Machine HIF 690 Operating weight lbs (kg) 3,750 (1,700) Fuel tank capacityh gal (L) 100 (379) Fuel type Gross heat input Blower type BTU/hr (kw) Diesel 690,000 (202) Axial Blower motor speed rpm Variable Static pressure in.w.c. (Pa) 5 (1245) Voltage VAC/VDC 120 AC/12 Frequency Hz 60 Heat plate fluid capacity gal (L) 3.5 (13.25) 7.2 Dimensions in. (mm) 80 (2032) 67 (1701) 155 (3137) wc_gr wc_td000579gb.fm

49 HIF Engine Technical Data Engine Power Rating Net power rating per ISO Actual power output may vary due to conditions of specific use. Machine HIF 690 Make Model Cummins 4B3.3T Rated rated speed kw (hp) rpm Displacement L (in 3 ) 3.26 (99) Number of cylinders 4 Cooling method Type of fuel Liquid Diesel wc_td000579gb.fm 49

50 MSDS: CALFLO AF MSDS: CALFLO AF 1. Product name Code Material uses Manufacturer In case of emergency 2. Material Safety Data Sheet CALFLO TM AF Product and company identification : CALFLO TM AF Hazards identification : CALAF : CALFLO AF is a heat transfer fluid recommended for non-pressurized, liquid-phase, closed heat transfer systems. : Petro-Canada Lubricants Inc Lakeshore Road West Mississauga, Ontario Canada L5J 1K2 : Suncor Energy: Canutec Transportation: Poison Control Centre: Consult local telephone directory for emergency number(s). Physical state : Viscous liquid. Odour : Mild petroleum oil like. WHMIS (Canada) : Not controlled under WHMIS (Canada). OSHA/HCS status : While this material is not considered hazardous by the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR ), this MSDS contains valuable information critical to the safe handling and proper use of the product. This MSDS should be retained and available for employees and other users of this product. Emergency overview : No specific hazard. Routes of entry : Dermal contact. Eye contact. Inhalation. Ingestion. Potential acute health effects Inhalation : No known significant effects or critical hazards. Ingestion : No known significant effects or critical hazards. Skin : Slightly irritating to the skin. Eyes : Slightly irritating to the eyes. Potential chronic health effects Chronic effects : No known significant effects or critical hazards. Carcinogenicity : Not listed as carcinogenic by OSHA, NTP or IARC. Mutagenicity : No known significant effects or critical hazards. Teratogenicity : No known significant effects or critical hazards. Developmental effects : No known significant effects or critical hazards. Fertility effects : No known significant effects or critical hazards. Medical conditions : Repeated or prolonged contact with spray or mist may produce chronic eye irritation and aggravated by overexposure severe skin irritation. Repeated skin exposure can produce local skin destruction or dermatitis. See toxicological information (Section 11) 3. Composition/information on ingredients Name CAS number % Mixture of severely hydrotreated and hydrocracked base oil (petroleum). Mixture - There are no additional ingredients present which, within the current knowledge of the supplier and in the concentrations applicable, are classified as hazardous to health or the environment and hence require reporting in this section. The base oil may be a mixture of the following CAS#s: , , , , , , , , , , , , , Date of issue : 4/16/2013. Internet: lubricants.petro-canada.ca/msds Page: 1/7 Petro-Canada is a Suncor Energy business TM Trademark of Suncor Energy Inc. Used under licence.

51 MSDS: CALFLO AF CALFLO TM AF Page Number: 2 4. Eye contact Skin contact Inhalation Ingestion First-aid measures Protection of first-aiders Notes to physician 5. Fire-fighting measures Special remarks on fire hazards Special remarks on explosion hazards : : : : : Check for and remove any contact lenses. Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes, occasionally lifting the upper and lower eyelids. Get medical attention immediately. In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Wash skin thoroughly with soap and water or use recognised skin cleanser. Wash clothing before reuse. Clean shoes thoroughly before reuse. Get medical attention immediately. Move exposed person to fresh air. If not breathing, if breathing is irregular or if respiratory arrest occurs, provide artificial respiration or oxygen by trained personnel. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Get medical attention immediately. Wash out mouth with water. Do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconscious person. Get medical attention immediately. : No action shall be taken involving any personal risk or without suitable training. It may be dangerous to the person providing aid to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. No specific treatment. Treat symptomatically. Contact poison treatment specialist immediately if large quantities have been ingested or inhaled. Flammability of the product : May be combustible at high temperature. Extinguishing media Suitable : Use an extinguishing agent suitable for the surrounding fire. Not suitable : None known. Special exposure hazards : Promptly isolate the scene by removing all persons from the vicinity of the incident if there is a fire. No action shall be taken involving any personal risk or without suitable training. Products of combustion : Carbon oxides (CO, CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx), hydrocarbons, smoke and irritating vapours as products of incomplete combustion. Special protective : Fire-fighters should wear appropriate protective equipment and self-contained breathing equipment for fire-fighters apparatus (SCBA) with a full face-piece operated in positive pressure mode. 6. Accidental release measures : : Low fire hazard. This material must be heated before ignition will occur. Do not pressurise, cut, weld, braze, solder, drill, grind or expose containers to heat or sources of ignition. Personal precautions : No action shall be taken involving any personal risk or without suitable training. Evacuate surrounding areas. Keep unnecessary and unprotected personnel from entering. Do not touch or walk through spilt material. Avoid breathing vapour or mist. Provide adequate ventilation. Wear appropriate respirator when ventilation is inadequate. Put on appropriate personal protective equipment (see Section 8). Environmental precautions : Avoid dispersal of spilt material and runoff and contact with soil, waterways, drains and sewers. Inform the relevant authorities if the product has caused environmental pollution (sewers, waterways, soil or air). Methods for cleaning up Small spill : Stop leak if without risk. Move containers from spill area. Dilute with water and mop up if water-soluble. Alternatively, or if water-insoluble, absorb with an inert dry material and place in an appropriate waste disposal container. Dispose of via a licensed waste disposal contractor. Date of issue : 4/16/2013. Internet: lubricants.petro-canada.ca/msds Page: 2/7 TM Petro-Canada is a Suncor Energy business Trademark of Suncor Energy Inc. Used under licence.

52 MSDS: CALFLO AF CALFLO TM AF Page Number: 3 6. Accidental release measures Large spill : 7. Handling Storage Handling and storage : : Stop leak if without risk. Move containers from spill area. Approach the release from upwind. Prevent entry into sewers, water courses, basements or confined areas. Wash spillages into an effluent treatment plant or proceed as follows. Contain and collect spillage with non-combustible, absorbent material e.g. sand, earth, vermiculite or diatomaceous earth and place in container for disposal according to local regulations (see section 13). Dispose of via a licensed waste disposal contractor. Contaminated absorbent material may pose the same hazard as the spilt product. Note: see section 1 for emergency contact information and section 13 for waste disposal. Put on appropriate personal protective equipment (see Section 8). Eating, drinking and smoking should be prohibited in areas where this material is handled, stored and processed. Workers should wash hands and face before eating, drinking and smoking. Remove contaminated clothing and protective equipment before entering eating areas. Do not ingest. Avoid contact with eyes, skin and clothing. Avoid breathing vapour or mist. Keep in the original container or an approved alternative made from a compatible material, kept tightly closed when not in use. Empty containers retain product residue and can be hazardous. Do not reuse container. Store in accordance with local regulations. Store in original container protected from direct sunlight in a dry, cool and well-ventilated area, away from incompatible materials (see section 10) and food and drink. Keep container tightly closed and sealed until ready for use. Containers that have been opened must be carefully resealed and kept upright to prevent leakage. Do not store in unlabelled containers. Use appropriate containment to avoid environmental contamination. 8. Exposure controls/personal protection Ingredient Mixture of severely hydrotreated and hydrocracked base oil (petroleum). Exposure limits ACGIH TLV (United States). Notes: (Mineral oil) TWA: 5 mg/m³, (Inhalable fraction) 8 hour(s). Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits. Recommended monitoring procedures Engineering measures Hygiene measures Personal protection Respiratory Hands : Eyes : If this product contains ingredients with exposure limits, personal, workplace atmosphere or biological monitoring may be required to determine the effectiveness of the ventilation or other control measures and/or the necessity to use respiratory protective equipment. : No special ventilation requirements. Good general ventilation should be sufficient to control worker exposure to airborne contaminants. If this product contains ingredients with exposure limits, use process enclosures, local exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to keep worker exposure below any recommended or statutory limits. : Wash hands, forearms and face thoroughly after handling chemical products, before eating, smoking and using the lavatory and at the end of the working period. Appropriate techniques should be used to remove potentially contaminated clothing. Wash contaminated clothing before reusing. Ensure that eyewash stations and safety showers are close to the workstation location. : : Use a properly fitted, air-purifying or air-fed respirator complying with an approved standard if a risk assessment indicates this is necessary. Respirator selection must be based on known or anticipated exposure levels, the hazards of the product and the safe working limits of the selected respirator. Recommended: organic vapour filter Chemical-resistant, impervious gloves complying with an approved standard should be worn at all times when handling chemical products if a risk assessment indicates this is necessary. Recommended: neoprene, nitrile, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), Viton. Safety eyewear complying with an approved standard should be used when a risk assessment indicates this is necessary to avoid exposure to liquid splashes, mists or dusts. Date of issue : 4/16/2013. Internet: lubricants.petro-canada.ca/msds Page: 3/7 TM Petro-Canada is a Suncor Energy business Trademark of Suncor Energy Inc. Used under licence.

53 MSDS: CALFLO AF CALFLO TM AF Page Number: 4 8. Exposure controls/personal protection Skin : Environmental exposure controls 9. Physical state Flash point Colour Odour ph Boiling/condensation point Melting/freezing point Personal protective equipment for the body should be selected based on the task being performed and the risks involved and should be approved by a specialist before handling this product. : Emissions from ventilation or work process equipment should be checked to ensure they comply with the requirements of environmental protection legislation. In some cases, fume scrubbers, filters or engineering modifications to the process equipment will be necessary to reduce emissions to acceptable levels. Physical and chemical properties Auto-ignition temperature Flammable limits Odour threshold Relative density Vapour pressure Vapour density Volatility Evaporation rate Viscosity Pour point Solubility 10. : Viscous liquid. : Closed cup: 203 C (397.4 F) [Pensky-Martens.] Open cup: 217 C (422.6 F) [Cleveland.] : 343 C (649.4 F) : Not available. : Colourless to light yellow. : Mild petroleum oil like. : Not available. : Not available. : Not available. : Not available. : C (59 F) : Not available. : Not available. : Not available. : Not available. : C (104 F), C (212 F), VI=99 : -39 C (-38F) : Insoluble in water. Stability and reactivity Chemical stability Hazardous polymerisation Materials to avoid Hazardous decomposition products 11. Toxicological information : The product is stable. : Under normal conditions of storage and use, hazardous polymerisation will not occur. : Reactive with oxidising agents, acids, alkalis and reducing agents. : May release COx, SiOx, diphenylamine, methacrylate monomers, aldehydes, smoke and irritating vapours when heated to decomposition. Acute toxicity Product/ingredient name Result Species Dose Exposure Mixture of severely hydrotreated and LD50 Dermal Rabbit >2000 mg/kg - hydrocracked base oil (petroleum). LD50 Oral Rat >5000 mg/kg - LC50 Inhalation Dusts and mists Rat >5.2 mg/l 4 hours Conclusion/Summary Chronic toxicity Conclusion/Summary Irritation/Corrosion Conclusion/Summary : Not available. : Not available. : Not available. Date of issue : 4/16/2013. Internet: lubricants.petro-canada.ca/msds Page: 4/7 Petro-Canada is a Suncor Energy business TM Trademark of Suncor Energy Inc. Used under licence.

54 MSDS: CALFLO AF CALFLO TM AF Page Number: Toxicological information Sensitiser Conclusion/Summary Carcinogenicity Conclusion/Summary Mutagenicity Conclusion/Summary Teratogenicity Conclusion/Summary Reproductive toxicity Conclusion/Summary : Not available. : Not available. Classification Product/ingredient name ACGIH IARC EPA NIOSH NTP OSHA Mixture of severely hydrotreated and hydrocracked base oil (petroleum). A : Not available. : Not available. : Not available. Ecological information Environmental effects Aquatic ecotoxicity Conclusion/Summary Biodegradability Conclusion/Summary Other adverse effects 13. Waste disposal : No known significant effects or critical hazards. : Not available. : Not available. Disposal considerations : No known significant effects or critical hazards. : The generation of waste should be avoided or minimised wherever possible. Significant quantities of waste product residues should not be disposed of via the foul sewer but processed in a suitable effluent treatment plant. Dispose of surplus and non-recyclable products via a licensed waste disposal contractor. Disposal of this product, solutions and any by-products should at all times comply with the requirements of environmental protection and waste disposal legislation and any regional local authority requirements. Waste packaging should be recycled. Incineration or landfill should only be considered when recycling is not feasible. This material and its container must be disposed of in a safe way. Care should be taken when handling emptied containers that have not been cleaned or rinsed out. Empty containers or liners may retain some product residues. Avoid dispersal of spilt material and runoff and contact with soil, waterways, drains and sewers. Disposal should be in accordance with applicable regional, national and local laws and regulations. Refer to Section 7: HANDLING AND STORAGE and Section 8: EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION for additional handling information and protection of employees. 14. Regulatory information Transport information TDG Classification Not regulated. DOT Classification PG* : Packing group UN number Proper shipping name Classes PG* Label Additional information Not available. Not available. Not available Date of issue : 4/16/2013. Internet: lubricants.petro-canada.ca/msds Page: 5/7 TM Petro-Canada is a Suncor Energy business Trademark of Suncor Energy Inc. Used under licence.

55 MSDS: CALFLO AF CALFLO TM AF Page Number: Regulatory information United States HCS Classification Canada WHMIS (Canada) International regulations International lists : : : Not regulated. Not controlled under WHMIS (Canada). This product has been classified in accordance with the hazard criteria of the Controlled Products Regulations and the MSDS contains all the information required by the Controlled Products Regulations. Canada inventory United States inventory (TSCA 8b) Europe inventory 16. Other information Hazardous Material Information System (U.S.A.) : All components are listed or exempted. : All components are listed or exempted. : All components are listed or exempted. : China inventory (IECSC): All components are listed or exempted. Health Flammability Physical hazards Personal protection B National Fire Protection Association (U.S.A.) : Health 1 1 Flammability 0 Instability Special References : Available upon request. TM Trademark of Suncor Energy Inc. Used under licence. Date of printing Date of issue Date of previous issue Responsible name : Indicates information that has changed from previously issued version. For Copy of (M)SDS : The Canadian Controlled Products Regulations (CPR) (Under the Hazardous Products Act, part of the WHMIS legislation) only apply to WHMIS Controlled (i.e., hazardous) products. Therefore, the CPR and the 3-year update rule specified therein do not apply to WHMIS Non-Controlled products. Although this is true, customarily Petro-Canada reviews and updates Non-Controlled product MSDS if a customer requests such an update. These Non-Controlled product updates are given a lower priority than Controlled products but are handled as soon as practicable. If you would like to verify if the MSDS you have is the most current, or you require any further information, please contact: Notice to reader : 5/7/2013. : 16 April 2013 : 2/10/2010. Product Safety - RS Internet: lubricants.petro-canada.ca/msds Lubricants: Western Canada, telephone: ; fax: Ontario & Central Canada, telephone: ; fax: Quebec & Eastern Canada, telephone: ; fax: For Product Safety Information: (905) Date of issue : 4/16/2013. Internet: lubricants.petro-canada.ca/msds Page: 6/7 Petro-Canada is a Suncor Energy business TM Trademark of Suncor Energy Inc. Used under licence.

56 MSDS: CALFLO AF CALFLO TM AF Page Number: Other information To the best of our knowledge, the information contained herein is accurate. However, neither the above-named supplier, nor any of its subsidiaries, assumes any liability whatsoever for the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein. Final determination of suitability of any material is the sole responsibility of the user. All materials may present unknown hazards and should be used with caution. Although certain hazards are described herein, we cannot guarantee that these are the only hazards that exist. Date of issue : 4/16/2013. Internet: lubricants.petro-canada.ca/msds Page: 7/7 Petro-Canada is a Suncor Energy business TM Trademark of Suncor Energy Inc. Used under licence.

57 Tire Safety Information Tire Safety Information Introduction to Tire Safety Information Federal Regulation 49 CFR 575 requires trailer manufacturers to include certain tire information in the Owner s Manuals for the trailers they manufacture. This regulation requires that the information be in the English language. This chapter includes all the information required by Federal Regulation 49 CFR 575.

58 Tire Safety Information 1. TIRE SAFETY INFORMATION This portion of the Section 1.1 contains - Trailer. Section 1.2 contains mit Tow Vehicle. Section 1.3 contains a Glossary of Tire Terminology -technical terms. Section 1.4 contains information from the NHTSA brochure entitled Tire Safety Everything Rides On It. This brochure This brochure, as well as the preceding subsections, describes the following items; Tire labeling, including a description and explanation of each marking on the tires, and information about the DOT Tire Identification Number (TIN). Recommended tire inflation pressure, including a description and explanation of: A. Cold inflation pressure. B. Vehicle Placard and location on the vehicle. C. Adverse safety consequences of under inflation (including tire failure). D. Measuring and adjusting air pressure for proper inflation. Tire Care, including maintenance and safety practices. Vehicle load limits, including a description and explanation of the following items: A. Locating and understanding the load limit information, total load capacity, and cargo capacity. B. Calculating total and cargo capacities with varying seating configurations including quantitative examples showing / illustrating how the vehicles cargo and luggage capacity decreases as combined number and size C. Determining compatibility of tire and vehicle load capabilities. D. Adverse safety consequences of overloading on handling and stopping on tires STEPS FOR DETERMINING CORRECT LOAD LIMIT TRAILER Determining the load limits of a trailer includes more than understanding the load limits of the tires alone. On all trailers there is a Federal certification/vin label that is located on the forward half of the left (road) side of the unit. This loaded trailer can weigh. It will also provide the Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR). This is the most a particular axle can weigh. If there are multiple axles, the GAWR of each axle will be provided. If your trailer has a GVWR of 10,000 pounds or less, there is a vehicle placard located in the same location as the certification label described above. This placard provides tire and loading information. In addition, this placard will show a statement regarding maximum cargo capacity. Cargo can be added to the trailer, up to the maximum weight specified on the placard. The combined weight of the cargo is provided as a single number. In any case, remember: the total weight of a fully loaded trailer can not exceed the stated GVWR. For trailers with living quarters installed, the weight of water and propane also need to be considered. The weight of fully filled propane containers is considered part of the weight of the trailer before it is loaded with cargo, and is not considered part of the disposable cargo load. Water however, is a disposable cargo weight and is treated as such. If there is a fresh water storage tank of 100 gallons, this tank when filled would weigh about 800 pounds. If more cargo is being transported, water can be off-loaded to keep the total amount of cargo added to the vehicle within the limits of the GVWR so as not to overload the vehicle. Understanding this flexibility will allow you, the owner, to make choices that fit your travel needs. When loading your cargo, be sure it is distributed evenly to prevent overloading front to back and side to side. Heavy items should be placed low and as close to the axle positions as reasonable. Too many items on one side may overload a tire. The best way to know the actual weight of the vehicle is to weigh it at a public scale. Talk to your dealer to discuss the weighing methods needed to capture the various weights related to the trailer. This would include the weight empty or unloaded, weights per axle, wheel, hitch or king-pin, and total weight.

59 Tire Safety Information Excessive loads and/or underinflation cause tire overloading and, as a result, abnormal tire flexing occurs. This situation can generate an excessive amount of heat within the tire. Excessive heat may lead to tire failure. It is the air pressure that enables a tire to support the load, so proper inflation is critical. The proper air pressure may be found on the certification/vin label and/or on the Tire Placard. This value should never exceed the maximum cold inflation pressure stamped on the tire TRAILERS 10,000 POUNDS GVWR OR LESS Tire and Loading Information Placard Figure placard. See figure This figure equals the available amount of cargo and luggage load capacity. 3. Determine the combined weight of luggage and cargo being loaded on the vehicle. That weight may not safely exceed the available cargo and luggage load capacity. attached (Certification) label at the left front of the trailer TRAILERS OVER 10,000 POUNDS GVWR (NOTE:THESE TRAILERS ARE NOT REQUIRED TO HAVE A TIRE INFORMATION PLACARD ON THE VEHICLE) 1. Determine the empty weight of your trailer by weighing the trailer using a public scale or other means. This step does not have to be repeated. 2. Locate the 3. Subtract the empty weight of your trailer from the GVWR stated on the VIN label. That weight is the maximum available cargo capacity of the trailer and may not be safely exceeded STEPS FOR DETERMINING CORRECT LOAD LIMIT TOW VEHICLE Determine the combined weight of the driver and passengers who will be riding in your vehicle. 3. Subtract the combined weight of the driver and passengers from XXX kilograms or XXX pounds. 4. amount equals 1400 lbs. and there will be five 150 lb. passengers in your vehicle, the amount of available cargo and luggage capacity is 650 lbs. ( (5 x 150) = 650 lbs.). 5. Determine the combined weight of luggage and cargo being loaded on the vehicle. That weight may not safely exceed the available cargo and luggage capacity calculated in Step # If your vehicle will be towing a trailer, load from your trailer will be transferred to your vehicle. Consult the educes the available cargo and luggage capacity of your vehicle GLOSSARY OF TIRE TERMINOLOGY Accessory weight The combined weight (in excess of those standard items which may be replaced) of automatic transmission, power steering, power brakes, power windows, power seats, radio and heater, to the extent that these items are available as factory-installed equipment (whether installed or not).

60 Tire Safety Information Bead The part of the tire that is made of steel wires, wrapped or reinforced by ply cords and that is shaped to fit the rim. Bead separation This is the breakdown of the bond between components in the bead. Bias ply tire A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at alternate angles substantially less than 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Carcass The tire structure, except tread and sidewall rubber which, when inflated, bears the load. Chunking The breaking away of pieces of the tread or sidewall. Cold inflation pressure The pressure in the tire before you drive. Cord The strands forming the plies in the tire. Cord separation The parting of cords from adjacent rubber compounds. Cracking Any parting within the tread, sidewall, or inner liner of the tire extending to cord material. CT A pneumatic tire with an inverted flange tire and rim system in which the rim is designed with rim flanges pointed radially inward and the tire is designed to fit on the underside of the rim in a manner that encloses the rim flanges inside the air cavity of the tire. Curb weight The weight of a motor vehicle with standard equipment including the maximum capacity of fuel, oil, and coolant, and, if so equipped, air conditioning and additional weight optional engine. Extra load tire A tire designed to operate at higher loads and at higher inflation pressures than the corresponding standard tire. Groove The space between two adjacent tread ribs. Gross Axle Weight Rating The maximum weight that any axle can support, as published on the Certification / VIN label on the front left side of the trailer. Actual weight determined by weighing each axle on a public scale, with the trailer attached to the towing vehicle. Gross Vehicle Weight Rating The maximum weight of the fully loaded trailer, as published on the Certification / VIN label. Actual weight determined by weighing trailer on a public scale, without being attached to the towing vehicle. Hitch Weight The downward force exerted on the hitch ball by the trailer coupler. Innerliner The layer(s) forming the inside surface of a tubeless tire that contains the inflating medium within the tire. Innerliner separation The parting of the innerliner from cord material in the carcass.

61 Tire Safety Information Intended outboard sidewall The sidewall that contains a white-wall, bears white lettering or bears manufacturer, brand, and/or model name molding that is higher or deeper than the same molding on the other sidewall of the tire or the outward facing sidewall of an asymmetrical tire that has a particular side that must always face outward when mounted on a vehicle. Light truck (LT) tire A tire designated by its manufacturer as primarily intended for use on lightweight trucks or multipurpose passenger vehicles. Load rating The maximum load that a tire is rated to carry for a given inflation pressure. Maximum load rating The load rating for a tire at the maximum permissible inflation pressure for that tire. Maximum permissible inflation pressure The maximum cold inflation pressure to which a tire may be inflated. Maximum loaded vehicle weight The sum of curb weight, accessory weight, vehicle capacity weight, and production options weight. Measuring rim The rim on which a tire is fitted for physical dimension requirements. Pin Weight The downward force applied to the 5 th wheel or gooseneck ball, by the trailer kingpin or gooseneck coupler. Non-pneumatic rim A mechanical device which, when a non-pneumatic tire assembly incorporates a wheel, supports the tire, and attaches, either integrally or separably, to the wheel center member and upon which the tire is attached. Non-pneumatic spare tire assembly A non-pneumatic tire assembly intended for temporary use in place of one of the pneumatic tires and rims that are fitted to a passenger car in compliance with the requirements of this standard. Non-pneumatic tire A mechanical device which transmits, either directly or through a wheel or wheel center member, the vertical load and tractive forces from the roadway to the vehicle, generates the tractive forces that provide the directional control of the vehicle and does not rely on the containment of any gas or fluid for providing those functions. Non-pneumatic tire assembly A non-pneumatic tire, alone or in combination with a wheel or wheel center member, which can be mounted on a vehicle. Normal occupant weight This means 68 kilograms (150 lbs.) times the number of occupants specified in the second column of Table I of 49 CFR Occupant distribution The distribution of occupants in a vehicle as specified in the third column of Table I of 49 CFR Open splice Any parting at any junction of tread, sidewall, or innerliner that extends to cord material. Outer diameter The overall diameter of an inflated new tire. Overall width The linear distance between the exteriors of the sidewalls of an inflated tire, including elevations due to labeling, decorations, or protective bands or ribs.

62 Tire Safety Information Ply A layer of rubber-coated parallel cords. Ply separation A parting of rubber compound between adjacent plies. Pneumatic tire A mechanical device made of rubber, chemicals, fabric and steel or other materials, that, when mounted on an automotive wheel, provides the traction and contains the gas or fluid that sustains the load. Production options weight The combined weight of those installed regular production options weighing over 2.3 kilograms (5 lbs.) in excess of those standard items which they replace, not previously considered in curb weight or accessory weight, including heavy duty brakes, ride levelers, roof rack, heavy duty battery, and special trim. Radial ply tire A pneumatic tire in which the ply cords that extend to the beads are laid at substantially 90 degrees to the centerline of the tread. Recommended inflation pressure This is the inflation pressure provided by the vehicle manufacturer on the Tire Information label and on the Certification / VIN tag. Reinforced tire A tire designed to operate at higher loads and at higher inflation pressures than the corresponding standard tire. Rim A metal support for a tire or a tire and tube assembly upon which the tire beads are seated. Rim diameter This means the nominal diameter of the bead seat. Rim size designation This means the rim diameter and width. Rim type designation rim by style or code. Rim width This means the nominal distance between rim flanges. Section width The linear distance between the exteriors of the sidewalls of an inflated tire, excluding elevations due to labeling, decoration, or protective bands. Sidewall That portion of a tire between the tread and bead. Sidewall separation The parting of the rubber compound from the cord material in the sidewall. Special Trailer (ST) tire The "ST" is an indication the tire is for trailer use only. Test rim The rim on which a tire is fitted for testing, and may be any rim listed as appropriate for use with that tire. Tread That portion of a tire that comes into contact with the road.

63 Tire Safety Information Tread rib A tread section running circumferentially around a tire. Tread separation Pulling away of the tread from the tire carcass. Treadwear indicators (TWI) The projections within the principal grooves designed to give a visual indication of the degrees of wear of the tread. Vehicle capacity weight The rated cargo a Vehicle maximum load on the tire The load on an individual tire that is determined by distributing to each axle its share of the maximum loaded vehicle weight and dividing by two. Vehicle normal load on the tire The load on an individual tire that is determined by distributing to each axle its share of the curb weight, accessory weight, and normal occupant weight (distributed in accordance with Table I of CRF ) and dividing by 2. Weather side The surface area of the rim not covered by the inflated tire. Wheel center member In the case of a non-pneumatic tire assembly incorporating a wheel, a mechanical device which attaches, either integrally or separably, to the non-pneumatic rim and provides the connection between the nonpneumatic rim and the vehicle; or, in the case of a non-pneumatic tire assembly not incorporating a wheel, a mechanical device which attaches, either integrally or separably, to the non-pneumatic tire and provides the connection between tire and the vehicle. Wheel-holding fixture The fixture used to hold the wheel and tire assembly securely during testing TIRE SAFETY -EVERYTHING RIDES ON IT The National Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has published a brochure (DOT HS ) that discusses all aspects of Tire Safety, as required by CFR This brochure is reproduced in part below. It can be obtained and downloaded from NHTSA, free of charge, from the following web site: Studies of tire safety show that maintaining proper tire pressure, observing tire and vehicle load limits (not carrying more weight in your vehicle than your tires or vehicle can safely handle), avoiding road hazards, and inspecting tires for cuts, slashes, and other irregularities are the most important things you can do to avoid tire failure, such as tread separation or blowout and flat tires. These actions, along with other care and maintenance activities, can also: Improve vehicle handling Help protect you and others from avoidable breakdowns and accidents Improve fuel economy Increase the life of your tires. This booklet presents a comprehensive overview of tire safety, including information on the following topics: Basic tire maintenance Uniform Tire Quality Grading System Fundamental characteristics of tires

64 Tire Safety Information Use this information to make tire safety a regular part of your vehicle maintenance routine. Recognize that the time you spend is minimal compared with the inconvenience and safety consequences of a flat tire or other tire failure SAFETY FIRST BASIC TIRE MAINTENANCE Properly maintained tires improve the steering, stopping, traction, and load-carrying capability of your vehicle. Underinflated tires and overloaded vehicles are a major cause of tire failure. Therefore, as mentioned above, to avoid flat tires and other types of tire failure, you should maintain proper tire pressure, observe tire and vehicle load limits, avoid road hazards, and regularly inspect your tires FINDING YOUR VEHICLE'S RECOMMENDED TIRE PRESSURE AND LOAD LIMITS Tire information placards and vehicle certification labels contain information on tires and load limits. These labels indicate the vehicle manufacturer's information including: Recommended tire size Recommended tire inflation pressure Vehicle capacity weight (VCW the maximum occupant and cargo weight a vehicle is designed to carry) Front and rear gross axle weight ratings (GAWR the maximum weight the axle systems are designed to carry). Both placards and certification labels are permanently attached to the trailer near the left front UNDERSTANDING TIRE PRESSURE AND LOAD LIMITS Tire inflation pressure is the level of air in the tire that provides it with load-carrying capacity and affects the overall performance of the vehicle. The tire inflation pressure is a number that indicates the amount of air pressure measured in pounds per square inch (psi) a tire requires to be properly inflated. (You will also find this number on the vehicle information placard expressed in kilopascals (kpa), which is the metric measure used internationally.) Manufacturers of passenger vehicles and light trucks determine this number based on the vehicle's design load limit, that is, the greatest amount of weight a vehicle can safely carry and the vehicle's tire size. The proper tire pressure for your vehicle is referred to as the "recommended cold inflation pressure." (As you will read below, it is difficult to obtain the recommended tire pressure if your tires are not cold.) Because tires are designed to be used on more than one type of vehicle, tire manufacturers list the "maximum permissible inflation pressure" on the tire sidewall. This number is the greatest amount of air pressure that should ever be put in the tire under normal driving conditions CHECKING TIRE PRESSURE It is important to check your vehicle's tire pressure at least once a month for the following reasons: Most tires may naturally lose air over time. Tires can lose air suddenly if you drive over a pothole or other object or if you strike the curb when parking. With radial tires, it is usually not possible to determine underinflation by visual inspection. For convenience, purchase a tire pressure gauge to keep in your vehicle. Gauges can be purchased at tire dealerships, auto supply stores, and other retail outlets. The recommended tire inflation pressure that vehicle manufacturers provide reflects the proper psi when a tire is cold. The term cold does not relate to the outside temperature. Rather, a cold tire is one that has not been driven on for at least three hours. When you drive, your tires get warmer, causing the air pressure within them to increase. Therefore, to get an accurate tire pressure reading, you must measure tire pressure when the tires are cold or compensate for the extra pressure in warm tires.

65 Tire Safety Information STEPS FOR MAINTAINING PROPER TIRE PRESSURE Step 1: Locate the recommended tire pressure on the vehicle's tire information placard, certification label, or in the owner's manual. Step 2: Record the tire pressure of all tires. Step 3: If the tire pressure is too high in any of the tires, slowly release air by gently pressing on the tire valve stem with the edge of your tire gauge until you get to the correct pressure. Step 4: If the tire pressure is too low, note the difference between the measured tire pressure and the correct tire pressure. These "missing" pounds of pressure are what you will need to add. Step 5: At a service station, add the missing pounds of air pressure to each tire that is underinflated. Step 6: Check all the tires to make sure they have the same air pressure (except in cases in which the front and rear tires are supposed to have different amounts of pressure). If you have been driving your vehicle and think that a tire is underinflated, fill it to the recommended cold inflation pressure indicated on your vehicle's tire information placard or certification label. While your tire may still be slightly underinflated due to the extra pounds of pressure in the warm tire, it is safer to drive with air pressure that is slightly lower than the vehicle manufacturer's recommended cold inflation pressure than to drive with a significantly underinflated tire. Since this is a temporary fix, don't forget to recheck and adjust the tire's pressure when you can obtain a cold reading TIRE SIZE To maintain tire safety, purchase new tires that are the same size as the vehicle's original tires or another size recommended by the manufacturer. Look at the tire information placard, the owner's manual, or the sidewall of the tire you are replacing to find this information. If you have any doubt about the correct size to choose, consult with the tire dealer TIRE TREAD The tire tread provides the gripping action and traction that prevent your vehicle from slipping or sliding, especially when the road is wet or icy. In general, tires are not safe and should be replaced when the tread is worn down to 1/16 of an inch. Tires have built-in treadwear indicators that let you know when it is time to replace your tires. These indicators are raised sections spaced intermittently in the bottom of the tread grooves. When they appear "even" with the outside of the tread, it is time to replace your tires. Another method for checking tread depth is to place a penny in the tread with Lincoln's head upside down and facing you. If you can see the top of Lincoln's head, you are ready for new tires TIRE BALANCE AND WHEEL ALIGNMENT To avoid vibration or shaking of the vehicle when a tire rotates, the tire must be properly balanced. This balance is achieved by positioning weights on the wheel to counterbalance heavy spots on the wheel-and-tire assembly. A wheel alignment adjusts the angles of the wheels so that they are positioned correctly relative to the vehicle's frame. This adjustment maximizes the life of your tires. These adjustments require special equipment and should be performed by a qualified technician TIRE REPAIR The proper repair of a punctured tire requires a plug for the hole and a patch for the area inside the tire that surrounds the puncture hole. Punctures through the tread can be repaired if they are not too large, but punctures to the sidewall should not be repaired. Tires must be removed from the rim to be properly inspected before being plugged and patched TIRE FUNDAMENTALS Federal law requires tire manufacturers to place standardized information on the sidewall of all tires. This information identifies and describes the fundamental characteristics of the tire and also provides a tire identification number for safety standard certification and in case of a recall.

66 Tire Safety Information Information on Passenger Vehicle Tires Please refer to the diagram below. P The "P" indicates the tire is for passenger vehicles. Next number This three-digit number gives the width in millimeters of the tire from sidewall edge to sidewall edge. In general, the larger the number, the wider the tire. Next number This two-digit number, known as the aspect ratio, gives the tire's ratio of height to width. Numbers of 70 or lower indicate a short sidewall for improved steering response and better overall handling on dry pavement. R The "R" stands for radial. Radial ply construction of tires has been the industry standard for the past 20 years. Next number This two-digit number is the wheel or rim diameter in inches. If you change your wheel size, you will have to purchase new tires to match the new wheel diameter. Next number This two- or three-digit number is the tire's load index. It is a measurement of how much weight each tire can support. You may find this information in your owner's manual. If not, contact a local tire dealer. Note: You may not find this information on all tires because it is not required by law. M+S The "M+S" or "M/S" indicates that the tire has some mud and snow capability. Most radial tires have these markings; hence, they have some mud and snow capability. Speed Rating The speed rating denotes the speed at which a tire is designed to be driven for extended periods of time. The ratings range from 99 miles per hour (mph) to 186 mph. These ratings are listed below. Note: You may not find this information on all tires because it is not required by law.

67 Tire Safety Information Letter Rating Q R S T U H V W Y Speed Rating 99 mph 106 mph 112 mph 118 mph 124 mph 130 mph 149 mph 168* mph 186* mph * For tires with a maximum speed capability over 149 mph, tire manufacturers sometimes use the letters ZR. For those with a maximum speed capability over 186 mph, tire manufacturers always use the letters ZR. U.S. DOT Tire Identification Number This begins with the letters "DOT" and indicates that the tire meets all federal standards. The next two numbers or letters are the plant code where it was manufactured, and the last four numbers represent the week and year the tire was built. For example, the numbers 3197 means the 31st week of The other numbers are marketing codes used at the manufacturer's discretion. This information is used to contact consumers if a tire defect requires a recall. Tire Ply Composition and Materials Used The number of plies indicates the number of layers of rubber-coated fabric in the tire. In general, the greater the number of plies, the more weight a tire can support. Tire manufacturers also must indicate the materials in the tire, which include steel, nylon, polyester, and others. Maximum Load Rating This number indicates the maximum load in kilograms and pounds that can be carried by the tire. Maximum Permissible Inflation Pressure This number is the greatest amount of air pressure that should ever be put in the tire under normal driving conditions UTQGS Information Treadwear Number This number indicates the tire's wear rate. The higher the treadwear number is, the longer it should take for the tread to wear down. For example, a tire graded 400 should last twice as long as a tire graded 200. Traction Letter This letter indicates a tire's ability to stop on wet pavement. A higher graded tire should allow you to stop your car on wet roads in a shorter distance than a tire with a lower grade. Traction is graded from highest to lowest as "AA","A", "B", and "C". Temperature Letter This letter indicates a tire's resistance to heat. The temperature grade is for a tire that is inflated properly and not overloaded. Excessive speed, underinflation or excessive loading, either separately or in combination, can cause heat build-up and possible tire failure. From highest to lowest, a tire's resistance to heat is graded as "A", "B", or "C".

68 Tire Safety Information Please refer to the following diagram. Tires for light trucks have other markings besides those found on the sidewalls of passenger tires. LT The "LT" indicates the tire is for light trucks or trailers. ST An "ST" is an indication the tire is for trailer use only. Max. Load Dual kg (lbs) at kpa (psi) Cold This information indicates the maximum load and tire pressure when the tire is used as a dual, that is, when four tires are put on each rear axle (a total of six or more tires on the vehicle). Max. Load Single kg (lbs) at kpa (psi) Cold This information indicates the maximum load and tire pressure when the tire is used as a single. Load Range This information identifies the tire's load-carrying capabilities and its inflation limits TIRE SAFETY TIPS Preventing Tire Damage Slow down if you have to go over a pothole or other object in the road. Do not run over curbs or other foreign objects in the roadway, and try not to strike the curb when parking. Tire Safety Checklist Check tire pressure regularly (at least once a month), including the spare. Inspect tires for uneven wear patterns on the tread, cracks, foreign objects, or other signs of wear or trauma. Remove bits of glass and foreign objects wedged in the tread. Make sure your tire valves have valve caps. Check tire pressure before going on a long trip. Do not overload your vehicle. Check the Tire Information and Loading Placard or for the maximum recommended load for the vehicle.