6 th Asia Expert Meeting on Vehicle Passive Safety (R14, R16, R17, and R25) - DAY 1 -

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1 Tentative Program as for Oct 06 6 th Asia Expert Meeting on Vehicle Passive Safety (R14, R16, R17, and R25) - DAY 1 - Date: October 11, 2006 (WED) 08:30-17:00 Place: ARNOMA Hotel, Bangkok 08:30-09:00 Registration 09:00-09:15 Opening Remark Mr. Chalermtai YANPIRAT, Director, Engineering and Safety Bureau Department of Land Transport, Thailand 09:15 09:30 Key Note Speech Mr. Tadaomi AKIBA, Executive Director, Research Division Japan Automobile Standards Internationalization Center (JASIC) 09:30 10:30 R14 (Seatbelt Anchorages): Technical Requirements Mr.Hiroyuki ASADA, Sub-Chairman, Passive Safety Subcommittee Japan Automobile Standards Internationalization Center (JASIC) 10:30-11:00 Coffee Break (30 minutes) 11:00-12:00 R14 (Seatbelt Anchorages): Test Procedure Mr. Tokujiro MIYAKE, Engineer (NTSEL), Japan Q & A 12:00-13:30 Lunch 13:30-15:00 R16 (Seatbelts): Technical Requirements Mr.Keiichiro NOJIRI, Member of Passive Safety Subcommittee, Japan Auto Parts Industries Association (JAPIA) 15:00-15:30 Coffee Break (30 minutes) 15:30-16:30 R16 (Seatbelts): Test Procedure Mr. Tokujiro MIYAKE, Engineer (NTSEL), Japan 16:30-17:00 Q & A 19:00 Reception Dinner for experts and oversea participants (Place and exact time will be announced on October 11)

2 Tentative Program as for Oct 06 6 th Asia Expert Meeting on Vehicle Passive Safety (R14, R16, R17, and R25) - DAY 2 - Date: October 12, 2006 (THU) 08:30-17:30 Place: ARNOMA Hotel, Bangkok 08:30-09:00 Registration 09:00-10:30 R17 (Seat Strength) and R25 (Head Restraints): Technical Requirements Mr.Hiroyuki ASADA, Sub-Chairman, Passive Safety Subcommittee Japan Auto Parts Industries Association (JAPIA) 10:30-11:00 Coffee Break (30 minutes) 11:00-12:00 R17 (Seat Strength) and R25 (Head Restraints): Technical Requirements (Cont.) Mr.Hiroyuki ASADA, Sub-Chairman, Passive Safety Subcommittee Japan Auto Parts Industries Association (JAPIA) Q & A 12:00-13:30 Lunch 13:30-15:00 R17 (Seat Strength) and R25 (Head Restraints): Test Procedure Mr. Tokujiro MIYAKE, Engineer (NTSEL), Japan Q & A 15:00-15:30 Coffee Break (30 minutes) 15:30-16:45 Certification Issues regarding R14, R16, R17, and R25 Mr. Kazuyuki NARUSAWA, Director, Automobile Standards and Certification Internationalization Office (NTSEL), Japan 16:45 17:15 Wrap up 17:15-17:30 Closing Ceremony 2

3 Tentative Program as for Oct 06 6 th Asia Expert Meeting on Vehicle Passive Safety (R14, R16, R17, and R25) - DAY 3 - Date: October 13, 2006 (FRI) 08:00-18:00 08:00 Leave Arnoma Hotel for NHK Springs (Thailand) Co., Ltd. (Seat Manufacturer) Bangpoo Industrial Estate 10:00 12:00 Arrive at NHK Springs (Thailand) Co., Ltd. (Plant tour and Test Demonstration) 12:00 13:30 Lunch (hosted by TAIA and TAPMA) 14:00 16:00 Visit Erawan Museum (Three-Headed Elephant Museum) 18:00 Back to Arnoma Hotel, Bangkok safely Thank you for your participation 3

4 Summary Report of 6th Asia Expert Meeting on Vehicle Passive Safety (R14, R16, R17, and R25) By Tadaomi Akiba, JASIC Secretariat October Dates: October 2006 (A technical tour was held on 13 October; the participants visited NHK Spring (Thailand) Co., Ltd. to see seat manufacturing processes and testing facilities.) 2. Venue: ARNOMA Hotel, Bangkok, Thailand 3. Organized by Thailand s Department of Land Transport (DLT) Supported by Japan Automobile Standards Internationalization Center (JASIC) 4. Attendees: A total of approx. 100 participants from Thailand s DLT, TAI, TISI, Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Engineering, and automobile industry; Brunei s Ministry of Communications, Land Transport Department; India s ARAI; Malaysia s SIRIM; Singapore s automobile association, Singapore Office; Taiwan s industry; Vietnam s VR and industry; and Japan s NTSEL, JAPIA, and JASIC. 5. Summary Following the opening address by Mr. Chalermtai Yanpirat, who is Director of Engineering and Safety Bureau, DLT of Thailand, the host nation, and the key note speech by Mr. Tadaomi Akiba of JASIC, presentations on regulations and type approval test procedures as well as questions and answers were given in the following order: 5.1 ECE R14, Seatbelt Anchorages (Presented by Mr. Asada, Vice-Chairman of JASIC s Passive Safety Subcommittee and Mr. Miyake of NTSEL s Type Approval Test Dept.) After the two presenters explained the regulation overview, type approval test procedures, etc. in detail, questions and answers about the following were made. 1) Interpretation of the anchorage installation requirement for N1 category 2) Provisions on the anchor bolt 3) Specific examples of any other part as specified in S ) Front driver s seat & Front passenger seat loading method 5) Explanation of the load limiter 6) Loading speed in static load test (India) 7) Application of the angle R provision to vehicles already in operation on the road (Brunei) 8) Unit used for test load

5 9) Specifications of the dummy used in dynamic testing 10) Other details related to test procedures 5.2 ECE R16, Seatbelts (Presented by Mr. Nojiri, a member of JASIC s Passive Safety Subcommittee and the representative of JAPIA, and Mr. Miyake of NTSEL s Type Approval Test Dept.) After the two presenters explained the regulation overview, type approval test procedures, etc. in detail, questions and answers about the following were made. 1) India has been conducting type approval testing since How are stock parts treated in regulation upon conducting COP? 2) R16 testing requires the use of a dummy that is different from the one for impact test. Why not use the same dummy? 3) Details of the dust test and the salt test 4) Specific examples of S-Type 5) How meaningful is air bag cut when CRS is used? 6) The scope of type approval certificates for both the seatbelt and its installation in the vehicle 7) Judgment criteria for not less than 75% under the special conditioning provision 8) Test conditions for type approval testing 9) Applicable scope of restraint systems 10) Interpretation of seat slide setting 11) How to determine the seatbelt buckle location 12) Dynamic testing requirements covered by R12 and R ECE R17 & R25, Seat Strength & Head Restraints (Presented by Mr. Asada, Vice-Chairman of JASIC s Passive Safety Subcommittee and Mr. Miyake of NTSEL s Type Approval Test Dept.) After the two presenters explained the regulation overview, type approval test procedures, etc. in detail, questions and answers about the following were made. 1) Acceleration direction in dynamic test 2) Relation between the lock provision and the 100 mm forward displacement provision for the luggage test 3) What is the basis for the test weight 18 kg? 4) Test procedures using 10kg and 18kg 5) Reasons for not using dummies in the luggage test 6) Specific measuring procedures in the seatback angle R provision 7) Can the sub-marine protect seat meet the requirements? 8) Can the test be conducted using an actual vehicle?

6 9) How to measure the HR height, hole dimensions, etc. 10) Loading speed for the 89DaN loading test 11) Provision on the pad thickness 12) R point 13) With regard to the barrier structure, why is it required to harden 90 tons of soil? How is it hardened? 14) Loading speed provision for HR displacement measurement 15) Is the applicable date written in the presentation material the applicable date of the ECE Regulation or the date when it is applied in Japan? 16) Why is the applicable date in Japan different for each ECE Regulation? 17) Is the seatback impact test not applied to the rearmost seat? 5.4 Type Approval Procedures (Presented by Mr. Narusawa, Director of NTSEL s Automobile Standards International Harmonization Support Office) After the presenter introduced NTSEL and explained Japanese type approval system, etc., a great number of questions and answers were given at length about the details of Japanese type designation system and equipment type designation system, new-type vehicle registration system, and the relationship between Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and NTSEL s Type Approval Test Dept. with regard to the application process. 6. Other Aside from the Expert Meeting, an additional meeting was organized and held by JAPIA, where the current status of introduction of the seatbelt regulation (ECE R16) was discussed with people involved in regulation and type approval activities in Asia. Attendees: Japan (JAPIA members, Mr. Narusawa of NTSEL, and Mr. Akiba of JASIC), Thailand (TISI and DLT), Malaysia (SIRIM), and Vietnam (VR) Current status of each country 1) Thailand: It has been agreed between TISI and DLT that TIS mandatory standards be drafted and implemented for seatbelts, glazing, etc. Based on that agreement, TISI is currently drafting seatbelt performance standards that resemble the ECE R16 requirements. As for seatbelt installation requirements, DLT will adopt ECE R16 as is. However, further discussions between DLT and TISI are necessary with regard to adoption of ECE R16 in Thailand. 2) Malaysia:

7 ECE R16 requirements have already been introduced into MS (amended in 2004) with the exception of the ISO-FIX requirements. This standard and the MS Webbing standard are mandatory. In actuality, it is mandatory only to CKD vehicles and operated by the transport authority JPJ. It is treated as a recommended standard for CBU vehicles. 3) Vietnam: R16 requirements have been standardized as TCVN Rev.3, which is an optional standard, but the ISO-FIX requirements are not included. 4) Japan: R16 technical requirements are included in Technical Standards. Adoption of R16 in Japan is scheduled to be discussed when it is amended in future. 7. Wrap-up This Expert Meeting was unique in that it addressed the issue of ECE standards on seats and seatbelts, which are important vehicle components for protection of occupants in the compartment, and that it was the most attended Expert Meeting ever with people coming not only from Thailand but also from other Asian countries. In addition, at the question-and-answer sessions, many questions were raised enthusiastically about activities at the administration level such as interpretation of specific provisions and type approval testing procedures, reflecting the attendees deep interest in the issue. JASIC would like to provide continuous support in holding Expert Meetings in the future for even more active discussions at the meetings. On the other hand, problems that Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement are facing have also been pointed out; for example, more adjustment between the standardization authority and the type approval authority is necessary. JASIC became strongly aware of the need to continue to provide in-depth support towards establishing automobile type approval system not only in Thailand but also throughout ASEAN countries.

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14 JAPAN AUTOMOBILE STANDARDS INTERNATIONALIZATION CENTER Key Note Speech at the 6th Asia Expert Meeting Good Morning! Mr. Chalermtai YANPIRAT, Director, Engineering and Safety Bureau, Department of Land Transport, and everyone participating in this meeting. My name is Tadaomi AKIBA, Executive Director of Japan Automobile Standards Internationalization Center, JASIC. On behalf of JASIC, I would like to extend our heartfelt appreciation to all the people who are kindly taking part in this 6 th Asia Expert Meeting which Department of Land Transport in Thailand organizes on a theme for Vehicle Passive Safety items, ECER14, R16, R17 and R25. Also I am very pleased that Department of Land Transport accepted us, National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory (NTSEL) and JASIC as experts from Japan. The Automobile Type Approval Test Department, one division of the NTSEL, is the only organization in Japan that performs official tests of Motor Vehicles about the conformity with safety, environmental, fuel consumption and other standards of Japan from a fair and neutral standpoint. This department is the only technical service assigned by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport in accordance with the rule of the 1958 Agreement. Accordingly the department has a great deal of knowledge on not only domestic type approval system but also international type approval system, therefore I expect that their participation can bring active discussion among participants concerned at this Expert Meting. Our mutual understanding on concept of the Expert Meeting is that the meeting is to be held voluntarily based on each country s needs as well as to be steered by Asia G/I Meeting. At the G/I Meeting held in Kuala Lumpur in last November, it was evident that holding the Expert Meeting is very useful and helpful for the people examining the contents of the 1958 Agreement, ECE regulation as sole international technical regulations and Mutual Recognition Approvals among Asian region. I would like to emphasize that many countries, of course including your country, expressed their intentions at the G/I Meeting that they will hold the expert meeting in near future, and their plans were specified in Wrap Up statement. I have a high regard for an effort and enthusiasm of Department of Land Transport and people concerned in order to realize this Expert Meeting. Before this 6th Expert Meeting, two successful Expert Meetings have been held in Thailand by Department of Land Transport. Specifically, the 1st Expert Meeting on ECE R48 (installation of lamps) and the 3rd Expert Meeting on ECE R13H (braking). This means that as many as half of the Expert Meetings have actually been held in Thailand. Again, in this fact, we can

15 clearly see the effort and enthusiasm of Thai government and industry, which I admire greatly. On one hand, rapid motorization has contributed to the expansion of automobilerelated industries in Asian countries over the recent years. But on the other hand, rapid motorization has also brought public issues over traffic safety and environmental protection such as the prevention of air pollution. I am sure, all the people here agree on the urgent need to enhance the automotive safety and environmental regulations in Asian countries. However, because automobiles are a type of product that is distributed on an international scale, it is not realistic to improve our automotive laws and regulations without taking the laws and regulations of other countries into consideration. I think we all see the importance of Asian cooperation not only in harmonizing our regulations within Asia but also harmonizing our regulations from the global standpoint. I would like to congratulate you that your country joined the 1958 Agreement this year as the result of the efforts made by Department of Land Transport and other government agencies of Thailand. And, I expect that your accession to the 1958 Agreement will accelerate the movement towards establishment of the Vehicle Type Approval system in your country and contribute significantly to improving safety and environment. At an AMEICC (ASEAN economic ministers - METI Economic and Industrial Cooperation Committee) meeting held in Vientiane, Laos about a month ago, we presented JASIC activities to promote mutual recognition of approvals under the 1958 Agreement of UN/ECE/WP29 as part of our ASEAN automobile-competition strengthening project. Our presentation was followed by discussion on Japan s support activities that should be undertaken in the future. Similarly, I would like all of the experts gathering here today to recognize the importance of the concept of ECE Regulations, that is, mutual recognition of approvals. This system works as an arm of companies in the automobile industry when they advance their global business operations. With these new changes in Asia, this Expert Meeting provides a timely opportunity to consider adopting the ECE Regulations by deepening your understanding of their test procedures, technical requirements and certification issues related to Vehicle Passive Safety. JASIC would like to cooperate with you as much as we can. In addition, I do hope that the outcome of this Expert Meeting will be reported at the Asia G/I Meeting. Next G/I Meeting will be held in Indonesia in the end of November, where Fourth series whose aim is to discuss continuously Accession to 1958 Agreement and improved Asian presence at WP29.

16 This G/I Meeting will mainly discuss how to establish Vehicle Type Approval system and incorporate the ECE Regulations into such system. I hope to see many of you there at the G/I Meeting as well. I would like to thank you again for the participation of so many government and industry members. Your presence here gives me confidence that interest in harmonization and the mutual recognition of approvals is growing in your countries and that there is increasing awareness concerning the importance of cooperation between governments and industries. Please feel free to take part in discussions today, so that this Expert Meeting will prove beneficial in enhancing traffic safety in your countries. Now, I will finish my opening address, hoping that the good friendship between you and JASIC will continue for a long time to come. Thank you. Tadaomi AKIBA Executive Director, JASIC

17 ECE Regulation No S2-C3 (SAFETY-BELT ANCHORAGES, ISOFIX ANCHORAGES SYSTEMS AND ISOFIX TOP TETHER ANCHORAGES) Technical Requirements October 11 13, 2006 Hiroyuki Asada PASSIVE SAFETY SUBCOMMITTEE in JASIC Japan Automobile Standards Internationalization Center Self Introduction Mitsubishi Motors Corporation JASIC GRSP Head Restraint gtr JAMA Japan Auto Mobile Associations 2 1

18 Version and Application ECE R14-06-S2-C3 Version 06 Series of Amendment (Major amendment) Adopted at the 130th WP29 (June, 2003) Supplement 2 (Minor amendment) Adopted at the 136th WP29(June, 2005) Corrigendum 3 (Corrective amendment) Adopted at the 137th WP29 (November, 2005) Application For grant of approval: from February 26, 2006 For registration: from February 26, 2011 (Major Amendment of 06 series ) Add requirements for ISOFIX 3 Contents 1. Scope 2. Definitions Safety Belt Anchorages 5. Specifications 5.1. Definitions 5.2. General specifications Safety-belt anchorages general design and installation 5.3. Minimum number of belt anchorages to be provided Application The minimum number of safety-belt anchorages to Exceptional case Seats capable of being turned to or placed in other orientations, for use when the vehicle is stationary 4 2

19 Contents Safety Belt Anchorages 5.4. Location of belt anchorages General Location of the effective lower belt anchorage Location of the effective upper belt anchorages 5.5. Dimensions of threaded anchorage holes 6. Tests 6.1. General test conditions for seat belt anchorages 6.2. Securing the vehicle for seat belt anchorages tests and for ISOFIX anchorages tests 6.3. General test procedures for seat belt anchorages 6.4. Particular test procedures for seat belt anchorages 6.5. Alternative dynamic test 5 Contents ISOFIX 1. Scope 2. Definitions 5. Specifications 5.3. Minimum number of belt anchorages to be provided Minimum number of ISOFIX positions 5.2. General specifications ISOFIX anchorages general design and installation ISOFIX anchorage systems, dimension and positioning: ISOFIX top tether anchorages, dimension and positioning: 6. Tests 6.2. Securing the vehicle for seat belt anchorages tests and for ISOFIX anchorages tests 6.6. Static test for strength of the ISOFIX anchorage systems 6 3

20 1. Scope Vehicle category M1 N1 M2 M3 N2 N3 Anchorages for safety-belts intended for adult occupants ISOFIX anchorages systems * ISOFIX top tether anchorages * * When fitted General specifications Anchorages for safety-belts Enable the installation of a suitable safety-belt. The belt anchorages of the front outboard positions shall be suitable for 3-point safety belt Reduce to a minimum the risk of the belt's slipping Reduce to a minimum the risk of strap damage due to contact with sharp rigid parts Enable the vehicle, in normal use, to comply with the provisions of this Regulation; Conditions: the specifications of this Regulation shall apply to the anchorages in the effective restraint position. ( ) 8 4

21 5.3. Minimum number of belt anchorages Application M1 N1 M2 M3 Class III or B only N2 N3 Exemption Folding seat (5.3.6.) : Definition: auxiliary seat intended for occasional use which is normally folded(2.9) Seats intended solely for use when the vehicle is stationary (5.3.9.) Minimum number of belt anchorages Requirements Category M1 M2 3.5 t M3 M2 >3.5 t N1 N2 N3 Forward facing Outboard Center Front Other Front Other *a 3or 2 *b 3or 2 *b 3or 2 *b 3 3 or 2 *c 3 or 2 *d or 2 *d 2 Rear facing : 3: *a *b: *c:: *d : For installation of safety-belt type B (2-point) For installation of safety-belt type A (3-point) Special provision for upper deck of a vehicle If nothing is in the reference zone** If a seat is inboard of a passageway If the windscreen is outside reference zone** **Reference zone 10 5

22 5.4. Location of belt anchorages General may be located either in: Vehicle structure or Seat structure or Any other part of the vehicle One belt anchorage may be shared by two adjacent safety-belts, provided that the test requirements are met Location of belt anchorages , Location of the effective belt anchorage Definition (2.4) The point used to determine conventionally, the angle of each part of the safety-belt in relation to the wearer The point to which a strap would need to be attached to provide the same lie as the intended lie of the belt when worn. 12 6

23 5.4. Location of belt anchorages Location of the effective lower belt anchorage Definitions (2.4) lower belt anchorage(final anchorage side) slide anchorage Fixed Swivel lower belt anchorage(buckle side) belt anchorage (swivel) (flexible plate) (rigid plate) (steel wire) (seat wire) Location of belt anchorages Location of the effective lower belt anchorage For all normal traveling positions of the front seats. For all positions of use of the rear seats. R α2 α1 L1 Requirements: within the following range L2 M1 Others Front α1 (other than buckle side) when the angle is constant * adjustable seats with a seatback angle of less than 20 degrees bench seat α2 (buckle side) when the angle is constant * Rear α1 and α M2, M3: N : * Applicable to vehicle not exceeding 3.5t only 14 7

24 5.4. Location of belt anchorages Location of the effective lower belt anchorage Lateral distance For all seating positions effective lower belt anchorage (buckle side ) effective lower belt anchorage Location of belt anchorages Location of the effective upper belt anchorages Definitions (2.4) Adjustable Swivel Fixed (Strap guide) 16 8

25 5.4. Location of belt anchorages Location of the effective upper belt anchorages Determination of the location If a strap guide or similar device is used, this location shall be determined by considering the position of the anchorage when the longitudinal center line of the strap passes through a point J1. J1 J2 60 Z,X 530 R J1 X J2 R Effective anchorage location R J1 Z X Location of belt anchorages Location of the effective upper belt anchorages Requirements below the plane FN behind a plane FK rear of a vertical plane perpendicular to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle and passing through the R point above a horizontal plane passing through point C C R R F RD = 315 mm + 1.8S < 675 mm RB = 260 mm + S (140 < S < 280 mm ) = 260 mm + 0.8S (S > 280mm ) D B 120 o K 65 o S N Y 9

26 5.5. Dimensions of threaded anchorage holes Requirements An anchorage shall have a threaded hole of 7/16 inch (20 UNF 2B) It shall be possible to remove the safety-belt without damaging the anchorage. Exemptions( ) If the vehicle is fitted by the manufacturer with safetybelts which are attached to all anchorages prescribed for the seat in question The anchorage intended for a harness belt , 6.4. Seat belt anchorage strength (static test) All the belt anchorages of the same group of seats shall be tested simultaneously. Definition Group of seats: either a bench-type seat, or seats which are separate but side by side. (2.7. ) group of seats foremost anchorage rearmost anchorage 20 10

27 6.3., 6.4. Seat belt anchorage strength (static test) 6.3.2, Application of Force Anchorages capable of vertical adjustment shall be tested with this equipment according to paragraph , 6.4. Seat belt anchorage strength (static test) Requirement Withstand the following load for not less than 0.2 second. Three-point belt Lap belt Specified Vehicle upper force belt (6.4.1 lower to belt ) lower belt (dan) category M1, N1 M2, N2 M3, N3 anchorages 1350 ± ± ± 20 anchorages 1350 ± ± ± 20 anchorages 2225 ± ± ± 20 Additional force* 20 x mass of seat 10 x mass of seat 6.6 x mass of seat 22 11

28 6.3., 6.4. Seat belt anchorage strength (static test) *(6.4.4.): For anchorages located within the seat structure, superimpose for each seat and for each group of seats this force at the same time , 6.4. Seat belt anchorage strength (static test) Specified force Test in configuration of a special-type belt. Vehicle category M1, N1 M2, N2 M3, N3 upper belt anchorages 1350 ± ± ± 20 lower belt anchorages 1350 ± ± ± Test in the case of rearward-facing seats Apply the following force to the rearward direction Vehicle category ALL upper belt anchorages 450 ± 20 Three-point belt lower belt anchorages 450 ± 20 (dan) (dan) Lap belt lower belt anchorages 740 ±

29 6.5. Dynamic test (alternative) Can be performed at the option of the car manufacturer, as an alternative to the static test (6.3., 6.4.) Application (Annex 7) Group of seats meeting the following conditions All the seating positions are equipped with 3-point safety-belts to which thorax load limiter functions are associated and The group of seats additionally comprises a seating position for which the upper safety-belt anchorage is located on the seat structure Dynamic test (alternative) Test conditions (Annex 7, 3) Propel the sled to achieve the speed variation of 50 km/h. The deceleration within the corridor specified in ECE Regulation 16 Vehicle Body Dummy G Anchorages Sled 26 13

30 6.5. Dynamic test (alternative) Requirements (Annex 7, 2) No rupture of any anchorage or surrounding area No displacement forward of the following M1 2.5t: a transverse plane passing through the R point and point C of the seat (Line 1) Others : a transverse plane inclined 10 degrees in forward direction and passing through the R point of the seat (Line 2) Displacement and locking devices operable by hand after the test deg. RP 1 27 ISOFIX: 1. Scope Vehicle category M1 N1 M2 M3 N2 N3 ISOFIX anchorages systems * ISOFIX top tether anchorages * * When fitted 28 14

31 ISOFIX: 2. Definitions "ISOFIX" is a system for the connection of child restraint systems to vehicles which has: 1. Two vehicle rigid anchorages, 2. Two corresponding rigid attachments on the child restraint system 3. A mean to limit the pitch rotation of the child restraint system. 3. (Ex. Top tether, leg support) ISOFIX: 2. Definitions "ISOFIX anchorages system" means a system made up of two ISOFIX low anchorages which is designed for attaching an ISOFIX child restraint system in conjunction with an anti-rotation device., ISOFIX low anchorage 30 15

32 ISOFIX: 2. Definitions "Anti-rotation device An anti-rotation device consists of any of the following Type of ISOFIX CRS ISOFIX top-tether Vehicle dashboard Support leg Universal Semi-universal * Vehicle seat itself does not constitute an anti-rotation device ISOFIX top-tether Support leg 31 ISOFIX: 2. Definitions ISOFIX top tether ISOFIX top tether connector (2.26) Called as "ISOFIX top tether hook * if it is used to attach an ISOFIX top tether strap to an ISOFIX top tether anchorage(2.27) ISOFIX top tether strap (2.28) * ISOFIX top tether hook ISOFIX top tether anchorage (2.25) 32 16

33 Minimum number of ISOFIX positions Requirements For M1 category vehicles with two or more seat rows. At least 2 ISOFIX positions* ( ) at least 2 of them have both of ISOFIX anchorages and ISOFIX top tether anchorage. at least 1 of them shall be in the second seat row. ( ) *ISOFIX position: a system which allows to install one of the ISOFIX child restraint system as defined in ECE regulation 44.(2.18) Minimum number of ISOFIX positions Special Requirements If installed at a front seating position with a frontal airbag, a de-activation device for this airbag shall be fitted. ( ) An integrated "built in" child restraint system shall be considered as one ISOFIX position. ( ) Convertibles are not required to have ISOFIX top tether anchorages. ( ) 34 17

34 ISOFIX anchorages General Requirements: Applicable to ISOFIX anchorage system and ISOFIX top tether anchorages Comply with the requirements of this regulation in normal use.( ) Have resistance for ISOFIX child restraint systems of group of mass 0; 0+; 1 as defined in Regulation No. 44. ( ) Group of mass(ece R44) 0 : for children of a mass less than 10 kg 0+: for children of a mass less than 13 kg 1 : for children of mass from 9 kg to 18 kg ISOFIX top tether anchorage ISOFIX anchorage system ISOFIX anchorage system Dimension 6 mm ± 0.1 mm diameter transverse horizontal rigid bar Cover two zones of 25 mm minimum effective length (280) Max. 255 Min Installation Horizontal distance from H-point to the center of the bar 120 mm in mm 25 φ6± mm HP Bar Min. 120mm 36 18

35 ISOFIX anchorage system Possibility to attach the ISOFIX child restraint Verified with the ISOFIX child restraint fixture "ISO/F2" (B) ISO/F2(B): Reduced-Height Forward Facing toddler CRS Measurement Relatively to the vehicle reference planes ISO/F2(B) Requirements Attitude angles of the bottom surface of the fixture shall be within the following limits Pitch: 15 ± 10 degrees Roll: 0 ± 5 degrees Yaw: 0 ± 10 degrees Roll Yaw Pitch ISOFIX anchorage systems Permanently in position or storable Visibility Visible when viewed along a line making an upward angle of 30 degrees with a horizontal plane anchorages in the deployed position for use seat cushion or seat back not compressed Marking required if not visible 30 deg. Bar or Min. 13mm ISOFIX Min. 6mm 38 19

36 ISOFIX top tether anchorages Design and positioning Comply with any of the following Location of ISOFIX position On a vehicle seat Any other location -- ( ) Available Reference SAE template or "ISO/F2" (B) "ISO/F2" (B) ( ) Maybe recessed in the seat back ( ) not in the strap wrap-around area ISOFIX top tether anchorages Requirements when SAE template is used located not further than 2000 mm far from the shoulder reference point within the shaded zone Three-dimensional schematic view 40 20

37 ISOFIX top tether anchorages Requirements when SAE template is used Shaded zone (detail) Rear view Side view Top view ISOFIX top tether anchorages Side view(enlarged) Vertical longitudinal plane 5 W-point 3 4 W-point + 200mm R-point 2 V-point 1 6 V-point + 250mm H-point Arcs created by wraparound lengths 350 R-point seat back W-point 42 21

38 ISOFIX top tether anchorages Requirements when "ISO/F2" (B) is used Located in an ISOFIX position equipped with ISOFIX low anchorages (shaded area) More than 200 m but not more than 2000 mm from the origin of the ISOFIX top tether strap Side view Rear view Top view 1 "ISO/F2" (B) fixture horizontal face 2 "ISO/F2" (B) fixture rear face 3 horizontal line tangent to top of seat back (last rigid point of a hardness greater than 50 Shore A) 4 intersection between 2 and 3 5 tether reference point 6 "ISO/F2" (B) fixture centreline 7 top tether strap 8 limits of anchorage zone ISOFIX top tether anchorages Exemption May be located outside the shaded zone if: A location within a zone is not appropriate Equipped with a routing device that ensures that the ISOFIX top tether strap is routed through the shaded zone ( ) is positioned behind the torso line at least:( ) non-rigid webbing-type or deployable type: 65 mm fixed rigid type: 100 mm Comply with static test requirements( ) 44 22

39 ISOFIX top tether anchorages Other Requirements Dimension of ISOFIX top tether anchorage permit the attachment of an ISOFIX top tether hook Clearance for latching and unlatching around ISOFIX top tether anchorage Identification for ISOFIX top tether anchorage under a cover or Surrounding structure Area in which the tether strap hook interface profile must be wholly located Strength of ISOFIX anchorage systems Withstand the forces applied to the static force application device (SFAD) with ISOFIX attachments well engaged Force and direction(6.6.4.) SFAD Direction Forward: 0 ± 5 degrees Upward: 10 ± 5 degrees Oblique: 75 ± 5 degrees Upward: 0 ± 5 degrees. Force (kn) 8 ± ± 0.25 The force shall be maintained for at least 0.2 s. Additional test with a force of 8 ± 0.25 kn for ISOFIX anchorages systems combined with ISOFIX top tether anchorage ( ) For anchorages installed in the seat assembly, add a force equal to 20 times the mass of the relevant parts of the seat assembly (6.6.5.) 46 23

40 6.6. Strength of ISOFIX anchorage systems Requirements ( , ) Horizontal longitudinal excursion of point X of SFAD during application of the force shall be within the following limit Force direction Forward Oblique Limit 125 mm longitudinal 125 mm force direction Point X Permanent deformation including partial rupture or breakage of anchorage or surrounding area shall not constitute failure if the required force is sustained for the specified time

41 R14 (Seatbelt Anchorages) Test Procedure Tokujirou MIYAKE Oct 11, Overview of NTSEL 2. Recent trends of the occupant protection tests 3. Test procedure for safety belt anchorages (R14) 4. Summary 2

42 What is the National Traffic Safety & Environment Laboratory ROLE >Laboratory contributing to Safety and Environmental measures of the Japanese Government >Japan s only Automobile Type Approval Test Organization HISTORY >Founded as Traffic Safety and Nuisance Research Institute in Ministry of Transport in 1970 >Reorganized into Independent Administrative Institute as in Overview of NTSEL 3 1. Overview of NTSEL 4

43 総務自動車審査部Automobile Type Approval Test Dept. 画交通安全環境研究所の組織 Number of Employees: 990 Capital: million yen invested entirely by the Government Budget: 3320 million yen in FY2006 監 事 Auditor 理事長 President 理 事 Executive Director 課General Affairs Division 企自etc. 交recalls リ自自動鉄通リコ動動車道シコPlanning Traffic ーResearch 車Research 車安ス室Automobile Research ール等等全航Technical テル技Office 研System Automobile の空のム術Related Related 安Safety 究Related 等技研Recall 検to to 全to に術に領係究証係域rail 領Research Research Verification 的る検部るand 研域証研environment automobile 究Dept. related Technical to 究Dept. 等等等issues, safety, aviation etc. etc. Environment 究領Research 域Dept. systems, automobile 自の環境に係る研究Verification Dept. 自動車等の審環境研Automobile type 査approval tests, etc. Ground 動車試験場Automobile Proving 5 Principal Areas of Research in Environmental Research Department Control of Emissions from Automobile Engines Particle measurement, micro tunnels, premixed compression ignition, numerical estimates, etc. New Engines and Alternative Energy Fuel cells, hybrid technology, DME engines, Natural gas engine, etc. Traffic Noise Reduction Tire noise, measurement using the intensity method, railway noise, etc. Fuel Efficiency and Prevention of Global Warming Estimation of total amount of greenhouse gases, environmental assessments, fuel simulations, etc 1. Overview of NTSEL 6

44 Principal Areas of Research in Traffic System Research Department Railways Steering bogie, electromagnetic technology, railway infrastructure, investigation of the cause of accidents, variable gauge change trains, etc. New Railways and City Transportation Systems Light railway transit (LRT), linear maglev technology, traffic flow simulations, barrier-free innovations, etc. Cable-driven Transportation Systems Vibration reduction, cable wheel load and cableway development prevention, etc. Aviation Advanced surface movement, guidance and control system, visual information sending systems, etc. 1. Overview of NTSEL 7 Major Fields of Research in Automotive Safety Research Department Collision Safety Passenger protection and pedestrian protection during collisions, etc. Maneuverability Steering stability, braking, driver characteristics, etc. Information and Ergonomics Human interfaces, visual information processing, lighting, etc. Electronic Technology EMC, electromagnetic field analysis, safety of electronic devices, etc. 1. Overview of NTSEL 8

45 Test Item Example Automobile Type Approval Tests Collision Test Exhaust Emission Test An actual vehicle is used to confirm effects on the occupant s head, chest and thighs in the event of collision. Tests are conducted under conditions assuming various usage for each type to prevent defective motor vehicles from being marketed. The burden of individual inspection is reduced by precise examinations according to type. Measurement of exhaust emission performance is done by reproducing the actual running condition in urban area, from suburbs to urban centers etc. Prevent occurrence of defects Reduce burden of individual inspection Brake Test Brake performance is measured assuming a slippery surface or a repeated use of brakes. 1. Overview of NTSEL 9 1. Overview of NTSEL 10

46 1. Overview of NTSEL 2. Recent trends of the occupant protection tests 3. Test procedures for safety belt anchorages (R14) 4. Summary 11 Organization of the Automobile Type Approval Test Department Director Director of Proving Ground Deputy Director Management group Domestic vehicle & lighting group Imported vehicle group Brake & noise group Occupant protection group Fuel economy & gas group Chief of Proving Ground Performance group Management Group 2. Automobile Type Approval Test Dept. (Occupant Protection Group) 12

47 Main Test Items of the Occupant Protection Group Test for occupant protection in frontal collisions Test for occupant protection in lateral collisions Test for occupant protection in offset collisions Test for fuel leakage in collisions Collision test for impact absorption type steering systems Test for plastic fuel tanks Test for instrumental panel impact absorption Test for seats and seat anchorages Test for seatback impact absorption Test for safety belt assembly 2. Automobile Type Approval Test Dept. (Occupant Protection Group) 13 Main Test Items of the Occupant Protection Group Test for seat belt anchorages Test for head restraints Test for door latches and door retention components Test for sunvisor impact absorption Test for inside rear-view mirror impact reduction Test for child restraints Test for fuel gas container attaching sections & test for fuel gas air-tightness and ventilation Test for rear underrun protective devices & fitting devices for rear underrun protective devices Test for pedestrian head protection Test for fuel systems of motor vehicles fueled by compressed hydrogen gas 2. Automobile Type Approval Test Dept. (Occupant Protection Group) 14

48 Recent Application of Technical Standard (Type-approved vehicles) Fuel systems of motor vehicles fueled by compressed hydrogen gas (applied March 31, 2005) Pedestrian head protection (applied September 1, 2005) Rear underrun protective devices & fitting devices for rear underrun protective devices (applied September 1, 2005) Seats and seat anchorages (will be applied from July 1, 2007) 2. Automobile Type Approval Test Dept. (Occupant Protection Group) 15 Recent Application of Technical Standard (Type-approved vehicles) Occupant protection in offset collision (will be applied from September 1, 2007) Impact absorption type steering system (will be applied from September 1, 2007) Head restraints (will be applied from July 1, 2012) Door latches and door retention components (will be applied from July 1, 2012) 2. Automobile Type Approval Test Dept. (Occupant Protection Group) 16

49 Recent Application of Technical Standard (Type-approved vehicles) Seat belt assembly (will be applied fromseptember 1, 2012) Seat belt anchorages (will be applied from September 1, 2012) Seats and seat anchorage of large-sized bus (will be applied from July 1, 2012) Child restraints (will be applied from July 1, 2012) 2. Automobile Type Approval Test Dept. (Occupant Protection Group) Overview of NTSEL 2. Recent trends of occupant protection tests 3. Test procedure for safety belt anchorages (R14) 4. Summary 18

50 Test Procedure for Safety Belt Anchorages (R14) 1 General requirements 2 Anchorage strength test 3 Installation position test 4 ISOFIX 3. (R14) 19 1 General Requirements Safety belt anchorages shall: reduce the risk of the belt s slipping when worn correctly to a minimum reduce the risk of strap damage due to contact with sharp rigid parts of the vehicle or seat structures to a minimum 3. (R14) General requirements 20

51 Test Procedure for Safety Belt Anchorages (R14) 1 General requirements 2 Anchorage strength test 3 Installation position test 4 ISOFIX 3. (R14) 21 Anchorage Strength Test (i: static test) Apply the tractive force in a direction corresponding to the seating position at an angle of 10 ±5 above the horizontal in a plane parallel to the median longitudinal plane of the vehicle. Apply a preload of 10% with a tolerance of ± 30% of the target load. Increase the load to 100% of the relevant target load. Test all the belt anchorages of the same group of seats simultaneously. Achieve full application of the load as rapidly as possible, and within a maximum load application time of 60 seconds. The manufacturer may request the application of the load to be achieved within 4 seconds. The belt anchorages must withstand the specified load for not less than 0.2 seconds. 3. (R14) Strength test 22

52 2 Anchorage Strength Test (static test / M1) 13500±20daN 10± ±20daN Body block 10±5 3. (R14) Strength test 23 Test Method (static test) Three-point belt (upper & lower belt anchorage) M1 & N1: Test load 13500±20daN M2 & N2: Test load 6750±20daN M3 & N3: Test load 4500±20daN Belt anchorages located on the seat structure M1 & N1: 13500±20daN shall be supplemented by force equal to 20 times the complete seat mass M2 & N2: 6750±20daN shall be supplemented by force equal to 10 times the complete seat mass M3 & N3: 4500±20daN shall be supplemented by a force equal to 6.6 times the complete seat mass Force application time: over 0.2 seconds 3. (R14) Strength test 24

53 Test Time (static test) dan Time to achieve load > 0.2 seconds t: test load time < 60 seconds or 4 seconds 0 Preload t t 3. (R14) Strength test 25 Test Devices (static test) P P P P 125±20 R200 R40 cloth-covered foam 100 Lower anchorage (for waist) Upper anchorage (for shoulder) 3. (R14) Strength test 26

54 Test Devices for lower anchorage for upper anchorage 27 Overall Diagram of Test Device 28

55 Hydraulic pressure unit Load cylinder 29 Control panel Deformation scale 30

56 Test setting conditions Carry out the test either on a vehicle structure or on a completely finished vehicle. Lock the Adjustable seatbacks as specified by the manufacturer, or in a position corresponding to an effective seatback angle as close as possible to 25 degrees (categories M1 & N1) or 15 degrees (all other categories). Place the other adjustment mechanisms in the most unfavorable position. The securing device shall be regarded as satisfactory if: a) It produces no effect on an area extending over the whole width of the structure b) The vehicle / structure is blocked or fixed in front at a distance not less than 500mm from the anchorage to be tested, and is fixed at the rear not less than 300mm from that anchorage. 3. (R14) Strength test 31 Judgment Criteria (static test) All the anchorages shall be capable of withstanding the prescribed test. Permanent deformation, including partial rupture or breakage of any anchorage or surrounding area, shall not constitute failure if the required force is sustained for the specified time. Minimum spacing for the effective lower belt anchorage and the arrangement of the effective upper belt anchorage shall satisfy the prescribed requirement. M1: The effective upper safety belt anchorage shall not be displaced forward of a transverse plane passing through the R point and C point. Other effective upper safety belt anchorages shall not be displaced forward of a transverse plane inclined 10 in forward direction and passing through the R point of the seat. The displacement and locking devices enabling the occupants to leave the vehicle must still be operable by hand after the test. 3. (R14) Strength test 32

57 Test Method (ii: dynamic test) Propel the sled so that, during the test, its speed variation is 50km/h. The sled deceleration shall be within the corridor. No dummy instrumentation is required. 減速度 ( 単位 :g) Position the dummy on each seat and restrain by the safety belt provided in the vehicle. 時間 ( 単位 :ms) The activation of additional restraining devices (preloading devices, etc. except airbags) is triggered according to the vehicle manufacturer s indications. 3. (R14) Strength test 33 Test Setting Conditions (ii: dynamic test) Mount the restraint systems on the vehicle structure according to the series production vehicle specifications. The vehicle environment facing the tested seat can be mounted on the test sled. In that case, the frontal airbag shall be deactivated. Adjust the seats in the below position chosen by the technical service responsible for the tests: - position giving the most adverse conditions regarding the anchorage strength - position compatible with the installation of the dummies in the vehicle 3. (R14) Strength test 34

58 Requirements for the Belt Anchorage Test (dynamic test) There shall be no rupture of any anchorage or surrounding area. A programmed rupture necessary for the functioning of the load limiter device is permitted. The minimum spacing for the effective lower anchorage and the arrangement of the effective upper anchorage shall meet the prescribed requirements. M1: The upper safety belt anchorage attached to the seat structure shall not be displaced forward of a transverse plane passing through the R point and C point. Other upper safety belt anchorages: They shall not be displaced forward of a transverse plane inclined 10 in forward direction and passing through the R point of the seat. The displacement and locking devices enabling the occupants to leave the vehicle must still be operated by hand after the test. 3. (R14) Strength test 35 Safety Belt Anchorage Test (R14) 1 General requirements 2 Anchorage strength test 3 Installation position test 4 ISOFIX 3. (R14) 36

59 3 Installation Position Test Requirement: Category M1 front seat Buckle position Seat type Buckle side Other than buckle side Front seat Constant angle in all normal positions of use (belt-in-seat) Adjustable seat (seatback angle of less than 20 ) 45 ~ 80 60±10 45 ~ ~ 80 60±10 20 ~ (R14) Installation position 37 3 Installation Position Test Requirement: other than category M1 front seat Seat type Buckle position Buckle side Other than buckle side Front seat 30 ~ ~ 80 Constant angle in all normal positions of use (belt in-seat) 60±10 60±10 Bench seat, special seat, vehicles with seatback angle of less than 20 In a range between 20 and (R14) Installation position38

60 3 Installation Position Test Requirement: Rear seat Category Category: M1 Installation angle 30 ~ 80 Category: M2 & M3 45 ~ 90 Other rear seats 20 ~ (R14) Installation position39 Arrangement of Effective Lower Belt Anchorage Median longitudinal plane of the seat L 2 J 2 R J 1 Z X L 1 S=140 mm 120mm 120mm 350mm Effective upper belt anchorage 3. (R14) Installation position 40

61 Arrangement of Effective Upper Belt Anchorage 3. (R14) Installation position 41 Safety Belt Anchorage Test (R14) 1 General requirements 2 Anchorage strength system 3 Installation position test 4 ISOFIX 3. (R14) 42

62 ISOFIX Bar ISO bar installed on the seat 43 ISOFIX 1 General requirements 2 Static test 3 Top tether anchorage 4 Seat inertia force 3. (R14) 44

63 1 General Requirements The ISOFIX shall be: 6mm±0.1mm diameter transverse horizontal rigid bars which covers 2 zones o0f 25mm minimum effective length located on the same axis located not less than 120mm behind the H-point, measured horizontally and up to the center of the bar. Possibility to attach the ISOFIX child restraint fixture ISO/F2 described R16 shall be verified. The bottom surface of the fixture ISO/F2 defined in R16, shall have attitude angles within a constant limit: a) Pitch 15 ±10 b) Roll 0 ± 5 c) Yaw 0 ±10 3. (R14) ISOFIX 45 ISOFIX 1 General requirements 2 Static test 3 Top tether anchorage 4 Seat inertia force 3. (R14) 46

64 2 Static Test Test for strength of the ISOFIX anchorage systems: Apply force to the static force application device (SFAD) with ISOFIX attachments well engaged. Perform an additional test for top tether anchorages. Carry out the test on a completely finished vehicle or on sufficient parts of the vehicle representing the strength and rigidity of the vehicle structure. Windows and doors may be fitted or not Fittings normally provided may be fitted Adjustable seats and head restraints: Conduct tests in the position defined by the technical service within the limited range prescribed by the vehicle manufacturer. 3.(R14) ISOFIX 47 SFAD (static force application) 3. (R14) ISOFIX 48

65 Test Method Apply a force of 135N±15N to the center of the lower front crossbar of the SFAD in order to adjust the fore-aft position of the SFAD rearward extension to remove any slack or tension between the SFAD and its support. Apply force in forward and oblique directions according to the below table: Forward 0 ±5 8kN±0.25kN Oblique 75 ±5 5kN±0.25kN Apply forces in the forward direction with an initial force application angle of 10±5 above the horizontal. 3.(R14) ISOFIX 49 Test Method Apply a preload force of 500±25N at the prescribed loading point X. Achieve full application of the force within a period of 2 seconds or less. Maintain the force for a minimum period of 0.2 seconds. N Time to achieve load >0.2 seconds 8kN±0.25kN 500N±25N 0 Preload t 3. (R14) ISOFIX 50

66 SFAD Point X Top tether installation point ISO bar installation point 51 Test by SFAD 52

67 Judgment Forward direction Horizontal longitudinal excursion of point X of SFAD during the application of the 8kN±0.25kN force shall be limited to 125mm. Oblique direction Excursion in the direction of the force of point X of SFAD during application of the 5kN±0.25kN shall be limited to 125mm. Forward & oblique directions Permanent deformation including partial rupture or breakage of ISOFIX low anchorage or surrounding areas shall be sustained for the specified time. 3.(R14) ISOFIX 53 ISOFIX 1 General requirements 2 Static test 3 Top tether anchorage 4 Seat inertia force 3. (R14) 54

68 Top-tether anchorage A tension preload of 50N±5N must be applied between the SFAD and the top-tether anchorage. Apply force in forward and oblique directions according to the below table: Forward Oblique 0 ± 5 75 ± 5 8kN±0.25kN 5kN±0.25kN 3.(R14) ISOFIX 55 Tether Anchorage 56

69 Judgment (ISOFIX anchorage and top-tether anchorage) Force direction Forward Oblique Maximum excursion of point X of SFAD 125mm longitudinal 125mm force direction Forward & oblique directions Permanent deformation including partial rupture or breakage of ISOFIX lower anchorage or surrounding areas shall be sustained for the specified time. 3.(R14) ISOFIX 57 ISOFIX 1 General requirements 2 Static test 3 Top tether anchorage 4 Seat inertia force 3. (R14) 58

70 Seat Inertia Forces When a force equal to 20 times the mass of the seat is applied to the relevant parts of the seat assembly, additional force can be applied in a state where the SFAD is installed. 3. (R14) ISOFIX Overview of NTSEL 2. Recent trends of occupant protection tests 3. Test procedure for safety belt anchorages (R14) 4. Summary 60

71 Future Tasks Due to the differences between the conventional Japanese standards, it will be necessary to review test equipments and manufacture measurement devices by introducing new tests. 61

72 Presentation of ECE Regulation Supplement 17 (Safety-Belts) Presented by Japan Automobile Standards Internationalization Center (JASIC) Japan Auto Parts Industries Association (JAPIA) October 11, Version and Application ECE R16-04-S17 Version 04 Series of Amendment (Major amendment) Adopted from 1985 Supplement 17 (Minor amendment) Adopted at the 136th WP29 (2005) Application For grant of approval: from January 18,

73 S1. Scope R16 applies to Safety-Belts, Restraint Systems Child Restraint Systems (CRS) including ISOFIX CRS for M1 and N1 category vehicles* *M1: Not more than 8 seats (for passenger) in addition to the driver s seat *N1: vehicles used for carriage of goods and having a maximum mass not exceeding 3.5 tons cf. Consolidated Resolution of Construction of Vehicles(R.E.3) Annex7 3 S2. Definitions Types of Safety-Belt Figure 1: Lap Belt (2 -Point Belt)(S2.1.1) Figure 2: Diagonal Belt (S2.1.2) Figure 3:3-Point Belt(S2.1.3) S-Type Belt(S2.1.4): Special- Type Belt that is not defined as Lap Belt(S2.1.1) and 3-Point Belt (S2.1.3). Harness Belt(S2.1.5): This is one example of S-Type Belt. Combination of Lap and Shoulder Belt (not Diagonal Belt) 4 2

74 S2. Definitions Structure of Safety-Belt S2.15 Belt S2.3 Strap Anchorages S2.14 Retractor S 2.12 Attachment (Pillar Loop) S2.26 Enclosed Buckle- Release Button:15mm/4.5cm 2 min S2.27 Non-Enclosed Buckle-Release Button:10mm/2.5cm 2 min S2.4 Buckle S Belt Adjustment Device for Height 5 S2. Definitions S2.14 Retractor: Device to extract or retract the whole or part of strap S Non-Locking Retractor (type 1) Retractor which the strap is extracted to its full length, but no adjustment for the length of the extracted strap S Manually Unlocking Retractor (type 2) Retractor which is unlocked by manually to obtain the desired strap extraction and is locked automatically when manual operation is stopped S2.14.3: Automatically Locking Retractor (ALR) (type 3) Retractor that strap is extracted to the desired length, and automatically adjusts the strap when buckle is fastened 6 3

75 S2. Definitions S2.14.4: Emergency Locking Retractor (ELR) (type 4) Retractor that automatically adjusts the strap and has a locking mechanism actuated in an emergency by: 1. Vehicle Acceleration Sensitivity 2. Vehicle Acceleration Sensitivity (Vehicle Sense) + Strap-Movement Sensitivity (Strap Sense) S2.14.5: ELR with Higher Response Threshold(type 4N):Vehicle acceleration for locking is set up higher than the usual ELR. It is for big-sized vehicles such as truck that is subject to vibration at running. By higher response threshold, it prevents unnecessary locking at running. 7 S2. Definitions S2.6 Pre-Loading Device Device to restrain the wearer by retracting Strap rapidly right after impact to remove the slack of Strap S2.13 Energy Absorber Strap Pull-Out Mechanism after impact to reduce the load on the wearer. 8 4

76 S2. Definitions S2.28 Tension-Reducing Device: Device to reduce the tension of strap on the wearer when the wearer fastens Safety-Belts, to remove unpleasant state of the wearer by Safety-Belts fastening S2.8 Airbag S2.9 Passenger Airbag S2.10 Child Restraint with Rearward Facing (S2.11) S2.12 Attachments: Parts of Belt Assembly including securing components fixed to the Belt Assembly 9 S2. Definitions S2.16 Vehicle Type as regards Safety-Belts and Restraint System: Category of Power-Driven Vehicles that are not different in dimensions, lines and materials of components of vehicle or seat structure or any other part of vehicle to which the Safety-belts and Restraint Systems are attached. S2.17 Restraint System: System for a specific vehicle type or a type defined by the Vehicle Manufacturer and agreed by the Technical Service. It consists of a seat and a belt fixed to the vehicle by appropriate means and all additional elements to diminish the risk of injury to the wearer. 10 5

77 S2. Definitions S2.18 Seat S Front Passenger Seat S2.19 Group of Seats S2.20 Bench Seat S2.21 Adjustment System of the Seat S2.22 Seat Anchorage S2.23 Seat Type S2.24 Displacement System of the Seat S2.25 Locking System of the Seat These S2.18 to S2.25 definitions are pretty much related to the vehicle itself. 11 S2. Definitions S2.29 ISOFIX (two corresponding rigid attachment) S2.30 ISOFIX Child Restraint System(CRS): Child Seat conformed to ECE R44, and attached to an ISOFIX anchorage system conformed to ECE R

78 S2. Definitions S2.31 ISOFIX Position: Position that ISOFIX Child Restraint System that is conformed to ECE R44 is installed S2.32 ISOFIX Anchorages System: System consisted of 2 ISOFIX low anchorages conforming to R14 to fix ISOFIX CRS S2.33 ISOFIX Low Anchorage: 6mm diameter rigid round horizontal bar extended from vehicle or seat structure to fix ISOFIX CRS S2.34 Anti-rotation System: System that prevents CRS from rotating S2.35 ISOFIX Top Tether Anchorage: Feature conformed to R14 to accept an ISOFIX top tether strap connector S2.36 Guidance Device: Device to help the person to install the ISOFIX CRS S2.37 ISOFIX Marking Fixture: a marking to show someone the desired position of ISOFIX CRS S2.38 Child Restraint Fixture(CRF): Fixture to check whether ISOFIX CRS is properly located in the vehicle ISOFIX positions 13 S3. Application for Approval The countries which have participated in ECE 1958 Agreement should apply both For Approval of both Vehicle Type and Component Type. (In R16, Vehicle/Safety-Belts or Restraint System Type Approval are required for approval) 14 7

79 S3. Application for Approval Vehicle Type Approval (S3.1-S ) Applicant Required Documents Vehicle Manufacturer or its duly accredited representative 1. Drawings(general vehicle structure on an appropriate scale), showing the positions of the safety belts, their detailed drawings and their attached points 2. Specification of the materials which may affect the strength of the safety belts 3. Technical description of the safety belts 15 S3. Application for Approval Vehicle Type Approval for Safety-Belts affixed to the seat structure (S S ) Applicant Required Documents Vehicle Manufacturer or its duly accredited representative The above 1, 2, 3 4. Detailed description of the Vehicle Type(the design of seats, seat anchorages, their adjustment and locking device) 5. Drawing of seats, their anchorages to the vehicle, their adjustment and locking device on appropriate scale in detail S3.1.3: Applicant should submit the components that are essential for the Technical Service to conduct the approval test of the Safety-Belt. 16 8

80 S3. Application for Approval Component Type Approval as Safety-Belt (S ) Applicant Required Documents Holder of trademark of the Safety- Belt or its duly accredited representative 1. Technical description of Belt Type, color of the Belt Model for approval, Vehicle Type(s) that the above Belt Type is installed 2. Specification and Drawings of Strap, Rigid Parts In the drawings, the position for ECE approval number and additional symbol(s) in relation to the circle of approval mark shall be shown. 17 S3. Application for Approval Component Type Approval as Safety-Belt (S3.2-S ) Required 3. 6 samples of the Belt Type* Documents/ *further sample shall be provided by request of Objects technical service(s ) m of each type of Strap With Retractor: Installation Instructions for the sensing device With Pre-Loading Device: Full technical description of the construction and function including the sensing mechanism Method of activation and necessary method to avoid inadvertent activation, if any 18 9

81 S3. Application for Approval Component Type Approval as Safety-Belt (S3.2-S ) Required Documents With belt is designed to be fixed through a Belt Adjustment Device for Height, Technical description whether the device is considered as a part of the belt or not 19 S3. Application for Approval Component Type Approval as Restraint System (S3.2-S ) Applicant Required Documents /Objects Holder of trademark of Restraint System, its duly accredited representative or the Vehicle Manufacturer in which it is to be installed or its representative Other than the above 1-4 documents, 5. Drawing of vehicle/seat structure, adjustment system and attachments on appropriate scale, showing the positions of the seat/belt anchorages and reinforcements in detail 6. Specification of materials which may affect the strength of seat/belt anchorages 2 samples in required 6 samples and vehicle or components that are essential for the Technical Service to conduct approval test shall be submitted(s3.2.3) 20 10

82 S4. Marking The sample of Safety-Belt Type or Restraint System Type shall be clearly marked with the Manufacturer s Name, Initials or Trade Name or Mark. Manufacturer s Name 21 S5. Approval Certificate For Vehicle Type Approval: Concerning Of a vehicle type with regard to safety-belt pursuant to Regulation No

83 S5. Approval Certificate For Safety- Belt/Restraint System Type Approval: Concerning Of a type of safety-belt or restraint system for adult occupants of power-driven vehicles pursuant to Regulation No S5. Approval Vehicle Type Approval Granted(S5.2) S5.2.1 Vehicle Type Approval is granted under conforming to paragraph 8 and annex 15 and 16. S5.2.4 These shall be affixed in a readily accessible place specified on the approval form, to every vehicle conforming to a vehicle type approved under the regulation. 16R: Safety-Belt(S ) These notices are communicated in the countries in 1958 Agreement.(S5.2.3). 04: Series of Amendments(S5.2.2) 2439: Approval Number E and the number that the country which has granted approval In this case, the Netherlands (4) granted approval. (S ) 24 12

84 S5. Approval If there are more other regulations approved, the mark is shown like this(s5.2.5). In this case, the approval is granted under R16 and R52*. *52 is merely an example. The mark shall be clearly legible and indelible(s5.2.6). The mark shall be placed close to or on the vehicle data plate affixed by manufacturer (S5.2.7). 25 S5. Approval Safety-Belt Type Approval Granted (S5.3) S5.3.1 Safety-Belt Type Approval is granted under conforming to paragraph 4, 5.3, and 6. S5.3.4 These shall be affixed in a suitable space on every belt conforming to a type approved under the regulation. These notices are communicated in the countries in 1958 Agreement.(S5.2.3) 04: Series of Amendments(S5.3.2) 2439: Approval Number (S ) E and the number that the country which has granted Approval.In this case, the Netherlands (4) granted approval.(s ) 26 13

85 S5. Approval S S Additional Symbols A - 3-point Belt, B - Lap(2-point) Belt, S - Special-Type Belt e - Belt with Energy Absorbing Device r - Belt with a Retractor followed by Symbol (1,2, 3, 4 or 4N) m - ELR with Multiple Sensitivity p - Belt with Pre-Loading Device t - Belt with Retractor incorporating a Tension-Reducing Device 3-point Belt with Energy Absorber Lap Belt with ELR with Multiple Sensitivity for M1 vehicle Special-Type Belt with Energy Absorber 27 S5. Approval S S Additional Symbols S : For Belt with type 4N Retractor, it shall indicate that it should not be used in Type 4 Vehicle by crossing the picture of Type 4 Vehicle, as shown at the left picture. S : For Belt with Front Airbag(s) is equipped, it shall indicate as AIRBAG, as shown at the center picture. Z - the Safety-Belt is part of a Restraint System, as shown at the right picture

86 S5. Approval S5.3.5 These pictures are shown in Annex 2, paragraph 2. S5.3.6 The Additional Symbols shall be clearly legible and indelible. These may be permanently affixed either by means of a label or direct marking that shall be resistant to wear. S5.3.7 The labels referred to S5.3.6 may be issued either by Authority which has granted the approval or the Manufacturer that is granted by the Authority. 29 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.1 General specifications - Required samples must be submitted (S7.1) 2 sets: buckle inspection, low temperature buckle test, buckle durability test, corrosion test, retractor operating tests dynamic test, buckle opening test 1 set: inspection of buckle, strength test on each rigid parts 2 sets: inspection of buckle, micro slip test and abrasion test, adjusting force Strap: breaking strength test 30 15

87 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.1 General specifications - The belt or restraint systems must reduce the risk of injury at an accident. - The strap must not be dangerous configuration. - Polyamide 6 must not be used in mechanical parts 31 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.2 Rigid parts S6.2.1 General - no sharp edge - protected against corrosion (S7.2)corrosion test: exposure to salt solution for 50h 32 16

88 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.2 Rigid parts S6.2.1 General - stand a load - cold impact requirement (applies parts might be trapped under a movable seat or in a door) (S7.5.4) left in cabinet at -10degreesC for 2h ~ 18kg mass fall through 300mm on to sample Rigid parts must meet requirement with cracked parts removed 33 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.2 Rigid parts S6.2.2 Buckle - contact surface: 20cm2/46mm min. - area of release button enclosed: 15mm/4.5cm2 min. non-enclosed: 10mm/2.5cm2 min. - must not release inadvertently, accidentally or with a force of less than 1daN 34 17

89 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.2 Rigid parts S6.2.2 Buckle - resistance to cold (S7.5.3) left in -10degreesC for 2h - durability: 5000 opening/closing cycles 35 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.2 Rigid parts S6.2.2 Buckle - release force: 6daN max. after dynamic test (S7.8) apply release force at 400mm/min. under belt tied by load of 60/n dan 36 18

90 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.2 Rigid parts S6.2.2 Buckle - tensile strength: 980daN (1470daN for buckle having common part) 37 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.2 Rigid parts S6.2.3 Belt adjusting device - belt shall have suitable adjusting mechanism. - micro slip: 25mm/each max. 40mm/all max. (S7.3)1000 cycles/300mm shift with load of 5 dan (ANNEX 11) 38 19

91 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.2 Rigid parts S6.2.3 Belt adjusting device - tensile strength: (S7.5.1) 980daN - adjusting force 5daN max. (S7.5.6) determined at first 25mm shift with drawn by a rate of 100m/s 39 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.2 Rigid parts S6.2.4 Attachment and belt adjusting device for height - tensile strength: 1470daN In case that Belt adjusting device for height has not been tested on the vehicle in application of R

92 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.2 Rigid parts S6.2.5Retractor - tensile strength: (S7.5.1) 1470daN/980daN(with pillar loop) - requirement for each type of retractor as follows 41 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.2 Rigid parts S Manually unlocking retractor - movement between locking position: 25mm max. - extract length: within 6 mm under between 1.4daN and 2.2daN 42 21

93 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.2 Rigid parts S Manually unlocking retractor - durability : work normally after 5000 cycles (S7.6.1) 30 cycles/min. ~ salt spray (S7.2) exposure for 50h ~ dust (S7.6.3) left in chamber includes dry quartz for 5h ~ 5000cycles (S7.6.1) 43 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.2 Rigid parts (S7.6.1) apparatus for retractor durability test (ANNEX 3) 44 22

94 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.2 Rigid parts (S7.6.3) chamber for dust resistance (ANNEX 5) 45 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.2 Rigid parts S Automatically locking retractor - movement between locking position: 30mm max. - retracting force for lap: 0.7daN min. for upper torso: 0.1daN~0.7daN (S7.6.4) measured with belt fitted to a dummy at the point of contact with (but just clear of) the dummy with strap retracted at rate of 0.6m/min

95 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.2 Rigid parts S Automatically locking retractor - durability : work normally after 5000 cycles (S7.6.1) 30 cycles/min. ~ salt spray (S7.2) exposure for 50h ~ dust (S7.6.3) left in chamber includes dry quartz for 5h ~ 5000cycles (S7.6.1) 47 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.2 Rigid parts S Emergency locking retractor Locking performance - Locking must occur within 50mm of strap extraction at Vehicle deceleration: 0.45g for type 4 / 0.85g for type 4N Strap acceleration: 2.0g Tilted angle: up to 27degrees for type 4 /40degrees for type 4N - Locking must not occur within 50mm of strap extraction at Strap acceleration: 0.8g for type 4 / 1.0g for type 4N Tilted angle : up to 12degrees 48 24

96 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.2 Rigid parts S Emergency locking retractor Locking performance (S7.6.2) - tested with retractor with 300mm strap on spool. - Vehicle deceleration sensitivity: tested along 2 perpendicular axes - acceleration increased rate:25 g/s min. 150 g/s max. - tilted speed: 2degrees /sec. 49 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.2 Rigid parts S Emergency locking retractor Locking performance (S7.6.2) (ANNEX 4) 50 25

97 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.2 Rigid parts S Emergency locking retractor - Retraction force for Lap belt: 0.7daN min. for upper torso restraint: 0.1daN(0.05daN after cycles) ~ 0.7daN (S7.6.4) measured with belt fitted to a dummy at the point of contact with (but just clear of) the dummy with strap retracted at rate of 0.6m/min. 51 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.2 Rigid parts S Emergency locking retractor - Durability: - durability : work normally after cycles (S7.6.1) a rate of 30 cycles/min. and locking at 90, 80, 75, 70, 65% retraction per 5 cycles ~ salt spray (S7.2) exposure for 50h ~ dust (S7.6.3) left in chamber includes dry quartz for 5h ~ 5000cycles (S7.6.1) - After durability test, retractor must still meet requirement 52 26

98 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.2 Rigid parts S6.2.6 Preloading device - Work normally after corrosion test (S7.2) exposure to salt spray for 50h - Prevent injury risk by inadvertent operation - Must not be activated by temperature (S7.9.1) 60degrees for 24h ~ 100 degrees for 2h ~ -30 degrees for 24h 53 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.3 Strap S6.3.1 General - No twist under tension - Must have finished selvages not to be unraveled in use - Width: 46mm min. under load of 980daN (S )measured during breaking strength test without stopping the machine 54 27

99 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.3 Strap S6.3.2Strength after room conditioning - Tensile strength: 1470daN after room conditioning (S ) 20 degrees C / RH65% for 24h min. (S7.4.2) Speed of traverse: 100mm/min. Distance between clamps: 200mm 55 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.3 Strap S6.3.3Strength after special conditioning Tensile strength: 1470daN and 75% min. of initial strength - Light conditioning: ( ) exposure to light to produce contrast grade 4 and roomconditioning for 24h after exposure 56 28

100 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.3 Strap S6.3.3Strength after special conditioning Tensile strength: 1470daN and 75% min. of initial strength - Cold conditioning: (S ) room conditioning for 24h ~ -30degrees for 90min. at folded with 2 kg mass 57 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.3 Strap S6.3.3Strength after special conditioning Tensile strength: 1470daN and 75% min. of initial strength - Heat conditioning: (S ) at 60degreesC/RH65% for 3h - Exposure to water: (S ) distilled in water (20degrees) for 3h 58 29

101 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6. 4 Belt assembly or restraint system S6.4.1 Dynamic test - Conditioning before dynamic test - Durability - Corrosion -Dust 59 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6. 4 Belt assembly or restraint system S6.4.1 Dynamic test - no part affecting the restraint shall break and no buckles or locking system or displacement system shall release or unlock (S ) - displacement of manikin(s ) chest level: 100 (*1) -300 (*2, 3) mm pelvic level: 80 (*1) -200mm (*1) In the case of a safety belt with pre-loading device, the minimum displacement may be reduced by half (S ) 60 30

102 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6. 4 Belt assembly or restraint system S6.4.1 Dynamic test (*2) In the case of following belts, the displacement of the chest may exceed 300mm if its speed at this value does not exceed 24kmh: - A belt is mounted the vehicle meeting the requirement of Regulation No A belt intended for use in an outboard front seating position protected by airbag. 61 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6. 4 Belt assembly or restraint system S6.4.1 Dynamic test (*3) In the case of a safety belt, displacement of the chest may exceed 300mm if no part of the torso or the head of the manikin would have come into contact with any rigid part of the vehicle other than the chest with steering assembly, if the latter meets the requirements of No. 12 and provided contact does not occur at a speed higher than 24km/h

103 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6. 4 Belt assembly or restraint system S6.4.1 Dynamic test (S7.7.1) The belt assembly shall be mounted on a trolley equipped with the seat and the anchorage defined in annex 6 to this regulation. (Annex 6-1) Trolley Mass: 400±20kg(for tests on safety belts) Mass: 800kg(for test on restraint systems) 63 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6. 4 Belt assembly or restraint system S6.4.1 Dynamic test (Annex 6-2 & 6-3) Seat & anchorage 64 32

104 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6. 4 Belt assembly or restraint system S6.4.1 Dynamic test (Annex 6-4) Stopping device 65 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6. 4 Belt assembly or restraint system S6.4.1 Dynamic test (Annex 6-4) Stopping device - the device consists of two identical absorbers mounted in parallel - in the case of restraint systems when four absorbers shall be used for a nominal mass of 800kg. -Stopping device comprises an outer casing, polyurethane energy-absorber tube, an olive-shaped knob, a shaft and an impact plate

105 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6. 4 Belt assembly or restraint system S6.4.1 Dynamic test (S7.7.2) The belt shall be attached to the manikin in annex 7 to the regulation. 67 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6. 4 Belt assembly or restraint system S6.4.1 Dynamic test (S7.7.4) -The speed of the trolley is 50km/h±1 at the moment of impact. -The stopping distance shall be 40±5cm (40±2cm during calibration) 68 34

106 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6. 4 Belt assembly or restraint system S6.4.1 Dynamic test (S7.7.4) -The deceleration curve of the trolley must remain within the corridor during calibration. 69 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.4.2 Strength after abrasion conditioning Tensile strength: 1470daN and 75% min. of initial strength - With attachment: procedure 3 - With guide or pulley: procedure 2 - With buckle loop: procedure 2 - With adjusting device: procedure 3 and procedure 1(Procedure 1 is not required in case that micro slip test result < 12.5mm) 70 35

107 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.4.2Strength after abrasion conditioning S Procedure 1 (ANNEX 11,Fig1) 71 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.4.2Strength after abrasion conditioning S Procedure 2 (ANNEX 11, Fig.2) 72 36

108 S6. Specifications & S7. Tests S6.4.2Strength after abrasion conditioning S Procedure 3 (ANNEX 11, Fig.3) 73 S8.1 Vehicle equipment S The seats of vehicles of category M and N (as defined in Annex 7 to the Consolidated Resolution(R.E.3) must be equipped with safety-belts or restraint systems which satisfy the requirements of this Regulation. TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.1/Amend2 Exception Folding seats [R.14 Safety belt anchorages S.2.9] Folding seats means an auxiliary seat intended for occasional use which is normally folded. Seats intended solely for use when the vehicle is stationary

109 S8.1 Vehicle equipment Exception The seats of vehicles of categories M and M3 which belong to Classes I or II, according to R.36 Class A, according to R.52 Class I or II and A, according to R S8.1 Vehicle equipment S8.1.2 The type of safety-belts pr restraint systems for each seating position where installation is required shall be those specified in Annex16*. Neither non-locking retractors (type1:para2.14.1) nor manually unlocking retractor (type2:para2.14.2) can be used. For all seating positions where lap belts type B are specified in Annex 16* lap belts type Br3 (lap belt w/ ALR) are permitted. *See page

110 S8.1 Vehicle equipment S8.1.3 Where no safety-belts are required any type of safety-belt or restraint system conforming to this Regulation may be provided at the choice of the manufacturer. A-type belts of the types permitted in Annex16* may be provided as an alternative to lap belts for those seating positions where lap belts are specified in Annex 16. *See page Annex 16: Minimum requirements for seat belts and retractors. Annex

111 Annex 16: Minimum requirements for seat belts and retractors. Annex 16 - continue 79 Annex 16: Minimum requirements for seat belts and retractors. Annex 16 - continue 80 40

112 Annex 16: Minimum requirements for seat belts and retractors. Concrete examples of installation In the following figures, 3 means 3 point seat belt (lap belt + diagonal belt) 2 means 2 point seat belt (lap belt) Passenger means NOT include driver 81 Annex 16: Minimum requirements for seat belts and retractors. Category M1 & M2(Mass 3.5t) Category M1 : Passenger 8 Category M2 Mass 3.5t, Passenger>

113 Annex 16: Minimum requirements for seat belts and retractors. Category M2 (3.5t < Mass 5t)& M3 Category M2 : 3.5t < Mass 5t, Passenger > 8 Category M3 : 5t < Mass, Passenger > See para For every seating position except for rearward facing seating position, 3-point belts shall be provided. However, if one of the following conditions is fulfilled, 2 point belts may be provided Annex 16: Minimum requirements for seat belts and retractors. --- S S There is a seat or other vehicle parts conforming to para.3.5. of Appendix 1 to R.80 directly in front; or S No part of the vehicle is in or, when the vehicle is in motion, capable of being in the reference zone*, or *See page 84 S Parts of the vehicle within the said reference zone comply with the energy absorbing requirements set out in Appendix 6 of R.80**. **See page

114 Annex 16: Minimum requirements for seat belts and retractors. --- Reference zone --- according to R.16, S2.7 * Reference zone is almost equal to head-impact zone described in R.21 Annex 1. Reference zone means the space between two vertical longitudinal planes, 400mm part and symmetrical with respect to the H-point, and defined by rotation from vertical to horizontal of the head-form apparatus, described in R.21 Annex1. The apparatus height (hip to top of the head) can be adjusted between 736 and 840 mm. 400mm H point Head mm H point Front view Side view 85 Annex 16: Minimum requirements for seat belts and retractors. --- R.80 Energy absorption characteristics of the rear part of seat backs

115 Annex 16: Minimum requirements for seat belts and retractors. Category N1 (Mass 3.5t) :the installation of a lap belt of (type Br4m orbr4nm) is allowed, where a passage between a seat and the nearest side wall. See section * *See page 87 3 :Lap belts shall be considered adequate where the windscreen is located outside the reference zone** defined in Annex1 to R.21. See section *** **See page 84 ***See page Annex 16: Minimum requirements for seat belts and retractors. --- S For outboard seating positions, other than front, of vehicles of the category N1, the installation of a lap belt of type Br4m or Br4Nm is allowed, where there exist a passage* between a seat and the nearest side wall of the vehicle intended to permit access of passengers to other parts of the vehicle. Top view A A > 500mm Passage *A space between a seat and the side wall is considered as a passage, if the distance between that side wall, with all doors closed, and a vertical longitudinal plane passing through the centre line of the seat concerned is more than 500 mm

116 Annex 16: Minimum requirements for seat belts and retractors. --- S For following seating positions, lap belts shall be considered adequate where the windscreen is located outside the reference zone defined in Annex 1 to R.21. Category N1 [Forward facing, front centre seating position] Category N2 [Forward facing, front outboard and centre seating position] As regards safety-belts, the windscreen is considered as part of the reference zone when it is capable of entering into static contact with the test apparatus according to the method described in Annex 1 of R Annex 16: Minimum requirements for seat belts and retractors. Category N2 (3.5t<Mass 12t) Lap belts shall be considered adequate where the windscreen is located outside the reference zone* defined in Annex1 to R.21. See section ** *See page 84 **See page

117 Annex 16: Minimum requirements for seat belts and retractors. Category N3 (12t Mass) Lap belts shall be considered adequate where the windscreen is located outside the reference zone* defined in Annex1 to R.21. See section 8.1.6** *See page 84 **See page S8.1 Vehicle equipment S8.1.4 On 3 point belts fitted with retractors, one retractor must operate at least on the diagonal strap. S8.1.5 Except for vehicles of category M1 an emergency locking retractor of type 4N (para ) may be permitted instead of a retractor of type 4 (para ) where it has been shown to the satisfaction of the services responsible for the tests that the fitting of a type 4 retractor would not be practical. Category M1: Vehicles used for the carriage of passengers and comprising not more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat

118 S8.1 Vehicle equipment S8.1.8 Every passenger seating position which is fitted with an airbag shall be provided with a warning against the use of a rearward-facing child restraint in that seating position. Example S8.1.9 The requirements of para shall not apply if the vehicle is fitted with a mechanism which senses automatically the presence of any rearward-facing child restraint, and ensures that the airbag will not be deployed when such a child restraint system is fitted. 93 S8.1 Vehicle equipment S In the case of seats capable of being turned to or placed in other orientations, designed for use when the vehicle is stationary, the requirements of para shall only apply to those orientations designated for normal use when the vehicle is traveling on a road, in accordance with this Regulation

119 S8.2 General requirement S8.2.1 Safety-belts, restraint systems, and ISOFIX child restraint systems according to table 2 of Annex 17 - Appendix 3*, shall be fixed to anchorages conforming to the specifications of R. 14, such as the design and dimensional characteristics, the number of anchorages, and the strength requirements. *See page S8.2 General requirement S8.2.2 The safety-belts, restraint systems, child restraint systems and ISOFIX child restraint systems recommended by the manufacturer according to tables 1 and 2 of Annex 17 - Appendix 3*, shall be so installed that they will work satisfactorily and reduce the risk of bodily injury in the event of an accident. *See page In particular they shall be so installed that 96 48

120 S8.2 General requirement S The straps are not liable to assume a dangerous configuration; S That the danger of a correctly positioned belt slipping from the shoulder of a wearer as a result of his/her forward movement is reduced to a minimum S The risk of the strap deteriorating through contact with sharp parts of the vehicle or seat structure, child restraint systems or ISOFIX child restraint systems recommended by the manufacturer according to tables 1 and 2 of Annex 17 - Appendix 3, is reduced to a minimum. 97 S8.2 General requirement S The design and installation of every safety-belt provided for each seating position shall be such as to be readily available for use. Furthermore, where the complete seat or the seat cushion and/or the seat back can be folded to permit access to rear of the vehicle or to goods or luggage compartment, after folding and restoring those seats to the seating position, the safety-belts provided for those seats shall be accessible for use or can be easily recovered from under or behind the seat, by one person, according to instructions in the vehicle users handbook, without the need for that person to have training or practice

121 S8.2 General requirement S The technical service shall verify that, with the buckle tongue engaged in the buckle and no occupant in the seat: S The possible slack in the belt does not prevent the correct installation of child restraint systems recommended by the manufacturer, and S In the case of three-point belts, a tension of at least 50 N can be established in the lap section of the belt by external application of tension in the diagonal section of the belt. 99 S8.3 Special requirements for rigid parts incorporated in safety belts or restraint systems S8.3.1 Rigid parts, such as the buckles, adjusting devices and attachments, shall not increase the risk of bodily injury to the wearer or to other occupants of the vehicle in the event of an accident. S8.3.2 The device for releasing the buckle shall be so designed that it cannot be opened inadvertently or accidentally. The buckle shall be capable of being released by the wearer with a single simple movement of either hand in one direction. In the case of a safety-belts or restraint systems for front outboard seating positions, except if these are harness belts, the buckle shall also be capable of being locked in the same manner

122 S8.3 Special requirements for rigid parts incorporated in safety belts or restraint systems S8.3.2 If the buckle is in contact with the wearer, the width of the contact surface is not less than 46 mm. A check shall be made to ensure that, if the buckle is in contact with the wearer, the contact surface satisfies the requirements of paragraph of this Regulation. S : - Buckle dimension > 20cm² -Width > 46mm - For harness belt, the contact surface shall be 20cm² - 40cm². 101 S8.3 Special requirements for rigid parts incorporated in safety belts or restraint systems S8.3.3 When the belt is being worn, it shall either adjust automatically to fit the wearer or be so designed that the manual adjusting device is readily accessible to the wearer when seated and is convenient and easy to use. It shall also be possible for it to be tightened with one hand to suit the build of the wearer and the position of the vehicle seat. S8.3.4 Safety-belts or restraint systems incorporating retractors shall be so installed that the retractors are able to operate correctly and stow the strap efficiently

123 S8.3 Special requirements for rigid parts incorporated in safety belts or restraint systems S8.3.5 In order to inform vehicle user(s) of the provisions made for the transport of children, vehicles of categories M1 and N1 shall meet the information requirements of Annex 17*. * See page Any vehicle of category M1 must be equipped with ISOFIX positions, in accordance with the relevant prescriptions(para5.3.8)** of Regulation No. 14. ** See page S8.3 Special requirements for rigid parts incorporated in safety belts or restraint systems S8.3.5 The first ISOFIX position shall allow at least the installation of one out of the three forward-facing fixtures as defined in Appendix 2 of Annex 17*. The equipped with ISOFIX positions, in accordance with the relevant second ISOFIX position shall allow at least the installation of one out of the three rear-facing fixtures as defined in Appendix 2 of Annex 17*. * See page For this second ISOFIX position, in case where the installation of the rear-facing fixture is not possible on the second row of seats of the vehicle due to its design, the installation of one out of the six fixtures is allowed in any position of the vehicle

124 S8.3 Special requirements for rigid parts incorporated in safety belts or restraint systems --- R.14, S Minimum number of ISOFIX positions to be provided. 105 Annex 17 Annex 17 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE INSTALLATION OF SAFETY-BELTS AND RESTRAINT SYSTEMS FOR ADULT OCCUPANTS OF POWER-DRIVEN VEHICLES ON FORWARD FACING SEATS, AND FOR THE INSTALLATION OF ISOFIX CHILD RESTRAINT SYSTEMS 1. Compatibility with child restraint systems 1.1. The vehicle manufacturer shall include in the vehicle handbook advice on the suitability of each passenger seat position for the carriage of children up to 12 years old (or up to 1.5 m tall), or the fitting of child restraint systems. This information shall be given in the national language, or at least one of the national languages, of the country in which the vehicle is offered for sale

125 Annex 17 For each forward-facing passenger seat position, and for each ISOFIX position, the vehicle manufacturer shall either: (a) Indicate that the seat position is suitable for child restraints of the "universal category (see para below); (b) Indicate if the ISOFIX position is suitable for ISOFIX child restraint systems of the universal category (see paragraph 1.2. below) (c) Provide a list of ISOFIX child restraint systems child restraint systems of the "semi-universal", "restricted" or "vehicle specific" categories, suitable for that vehicle seat position, indicating the mass group(s) for which the restraints are intended; 107 Annex 17 (d) Provide a list of ISOFIX child restraint systems of the semiuniversal, "restricted" or "vehicle specific" categories, suitable for that vehicle ISOFIX position, indicating the mass group and the ISOFIX size class for which the ISOFIX child restraint are intended. (e) Provide a built-in child restraint system indicating the mass group(s) for which the restraint is intended and the corresponding configuration(s); (f) Provide any combination of (a),(b),(c),(d),(e). (g) Indicate the mass group (s) of the children which shall not be carried in that seat position. If a seat position is only suitable for use with forward-facing child restraint systems, this shall be indicated. Tables in a suitable format for the above information are given in appendix 3 to this annex

126 Annex A child restraint system or ISOFIX child restraint system, of the universal category means a child restraint approved to the universal category of Regulation No.44, Supplement 5 to 03 series of amendments. Seat positions, or ISOFIX positions, which are indicated by the vehicle manufacturer as being suitable for the installation of child restraints systems or ISOFIX child restraints systems shall comply with the provisions of appendix 1 or 2 to this annex. Where applicable any restriction on the simultaneous use on adjacent positions of ISOFIX child restraint systems and/or between ISOFIX-positions and adult seating positions shall be reported in the table 2 of appendix 3 to this annex. 109 Annex 17, Appendix 1 Requirements 3.1. The base of the fixture shall contact both the forward and rearward parts of the seat cushion surface. If such contact does not occur due to the belt access gap in the test fixture, this gap may be covered in line with the bottom surface of the test fixture The lap portion of the belt shall touch the fixture on both sides at the rear of the lap belt path (see figure 3) Should the above requirements not be met with the adjustments indicated in paragraphs 2.1., 2.2. and 2.3., the seat, seat-back and safety-belt anchorages may be adjusted to an alternative position designated by the manufacturer for normal use at which the above installation procedure shall be repeated and the requirements again verified and met. This alternative position shall be included as an information in the table 1 given in appendix 3 to this annex. Figure 3 Check for Compatibility Figure 2 Installation of Fixture onto Vehicle Seat

127 Annex 17, Appendix Annex 17 Appendix Para.4. ISOFIX Child restraint system size classes and fixtures. 111 Annex 17, Appendix 2 Note: CRS size classes specified in R.44 depend on which fixture - specified in R.16 Annex 17 Appendix 2 Para. 4.1 to CRS complies with. For a vehicle, which class of ISOFIX CRS can be fitted to a certain seat is determined by checking if the fixture specified in R.16 Annex 17 Appendix 2 Para. 4.1 to 4.7 can be fitted to the vehicle

128 Annex 17, Appendix 3 Annex 17, Appendix 3 The following information (Table 1 and 2)shall be included in hand book of vehicles. 113 Annex 17, Appendix

129 S9. Conformity of production The conformity of production procedures shall comply with those set out in the agreement, Appendix 2 (E/ECE/324-E/TRANS/505/REV.1 (*1) ) (*1)Appendix 1. Initial assessment The approval authority of a Contracting Party must verify the existence of satisfactory arrangements and procedures for ensuring effective control to conform to the approved type before granting type approval. 115 S9. Conformity of production 2. Conformity of production 1)Every part approved under Regulation must be so manufactured as to conform to the requirements of this Regulation. 2)The approval authority of a Contracting Party must verify the existence of adequate arrangements and documented control plans to carry out at specified intervals those tests or associated checks necessary to verify continued conformity with the approved type. 3) The holder of the approval must in particular: - Ensure the existence of procedures for effective control of the conformity of products to the approval type. - Have access to the testing equipment necessary for checking the conformity to each approved type. - Ensure that test results data are recorded and that annexed documents remain available for a period to be determined in agreement with the approval authority (this period must not exceed 10 years). - Analyze results of each type of tests, in order to verify and ensure the stability of the product characteristics. - Ensure that for each type of product, at least the checks prescribed in the applicable Regulations are carried out

130 S9. Conformity of production 2. Conformity of production 4)The authority which has granted approval may at any time verify the conformity control methods applied in each production facility. The frequency of these verifications must be consistent with the agreements accepted under the initial assessment in paragraph 1. 5) At every inspection, the test records and production records must be available to the inspector. 6) The inspector may select samples at random to be tested in the manufacturer s laboratory. 7) Where the level of control appears unsatisfactory, the inspector must select samples to the type approval tests. 8) The approval authority may carry out any check or test prescribed in this Appendix or in the applicable Regulation annexed to this Agreement. 9) In cases where unsatisfactory results are found during an inspection, the approval authority must ensure that all necessary steps are taken to restore conformity of production as rapidly as possible. 117 S9. Conformity of production S9.1 Every vehicle type or safety belt restraint system approved under this Regulation shall be so manufactured as to conform to the type approved by meeting the requirements set forth in paragraph 6, 7 and 8. S9.2 The minimum requirements for conformity of production control procedures set forth in annex 14 to this Regulation shall be complied with

131 S9. Conformity of production Annex 14 COP test S1.1 Verification of locking threshold and durability of emergency locking retractors (S , S.7.2, S.7.6.1, S.7.6.2, S.7.6.3) S1.2 Verification of the durability of automatically-locking retractors (S , S.7.2, S.7.6.1, S.7.6.3) S1.3 Test for strength of straps(s.7.4.2, S ~S ) S1.3.1 Test for strength of straps after abrasion (S.7.4.2, S ) S1.4 Microslip test(s.7.3) S1.5 Test of rigid parts(s.7.5) S1.6 Verification of the performance requirements of the safety-belt or restraint system when subjected to the dynamic test 119 S9. Conformity of production Annex 14 S Test with conditioning (ELR retractor) Locking performance(para , , , ) V: The locking must have occurred when the deceleration of the vehicle reaches 0.45g.(type 4) or 0.85g(type 4N). Lock must occur within 50mm (amount of strap movement). W: It must not lock for values of acceleration of the webbing of less than 0.8g(type 4), or less than 1.0g(type4N). Lock must not occur within 50mm (amount of strap movement). It must not lock when its sensing device is tilted less than 12 and it must lock when more than 27 (Type4N: 40 ). Retracting force(para ): lap-more than7n, shoulder-1~7n (Only a belt equipped with a tension-reducing device-0.5n) To be continued

132 S9. Conformity of production Annex 14 S Test with conditioning (ELR retractor) Durability(para ): 40,000 cycles of withdrawal and retraction Corrosion(para. 7.2): corroding for 50 hours, drying for 24 hours Dust resistance(para ) : for 5 hours Durability(para ): 5,000 cycles of withdrawal and retraction Retracting force(para ) & locking performance (para , , , ) Dynamic test 121 S9. Conformity of production Annex 14 S Test with conditioning (ALR retractor) The strap of lock performance shall not move more 30mm between locking position of the retractor(para ). Retracting force(para ): lap-more than7n, sholder-1~7n (Only a belt equipped with a tension-reducing device-0.5n) Durability(para ): 5,000 cycles of withdrawal and retraction To be continued

133 S9. Conformity of production Annex 14 S Test with conditioning (ALR retractor) Corrosion(para. 7.2): corroding for 50 hours, drying for 24 hours Dust resistance(para ) : for 5 hours Durability(para ): 5,000 cycles of withdrawal and retraction Retracting force(para ) & locking performance(para ) Dynamic test 123 S9. Conformity of production Annex 14 S Static belts According to the provisions set out in paragraphs 7.7 and 7.8 of this Regulations, on a safety-belt which has been subjected to the test described in paragraphs and 7.2. of this Regulations. S Test without conditioning According to the provisions set out in paragraphs 7.7 and 7.8 of this Regulation

134 S9. Conformity of production Annex 14 S.2 Test frequency and results S.2.1 The frequency of testing to the requirements of paragraph 1.1 to 1.5 of this annex shall be on a statistically controlled and random basis in accordance with one of the regular quality assurance procedure. S In the case of ELR, all assemblies shall meet the requirements of paragraph and of this Regulation, or paragraph The test shall be carried out in the most unfavorable direction. 125 S9. Conformity of production Annex 14 S.2 Test frequency and results Compliance with the dynamic test (S & S.2.2.2) Belt fitted with ELR Test with conditioning where the daily production is greater than 1,000 belts: one in 100,000 belts produced, with a minimum frequency of one every two weeks. where the daily production is less than or equal to 1,000 belts: one in 10,000 belts produced, with a minimum frequency of one per year, per sort of locking mechanism. Test without conditioning where the daily production is greater than 5,000 belts: two belts per 25,000 belts produced with a minimum frequency of one per day, per sort of locking mechanism. where the daily production is less than 5,000 belts: one belt per 5,000 produced with a minimum frequency of one per year, per sort of locking mechanism

135 S9. Conformity of production Annex 14 S.2 Test frequency and results Compliance with the dynamic test (S & S.2.2.2) Belt fitted with ALR and static belts Test with conditioning where the daily production is greater than 1,000 belts: one in 100,000 belts produced where the daily production is less than or equal to 1,000 belts: one in 10,000 belts produced, with a minimum frequency of one per year. Test without conditioning where the daily production is greater than 5,000 belts: two belts per 25,000 belts where the daily production is less than 5,000 belts: one belt per 5,000 produced with a minimum frequency of one per year, approved type. 127 S10 Penalties for Non-Conformity of Production The approval may be withdrawn if the requirement that every vehicle type or safety-belt or restraint system approved under ECE R16 shall be produced as to conform to the type approved is no complied with The safety-belt or restraint system selected have failed to pass the checks for the minimum requirements for conformity of production control procedure If a Contacting Party to the Agreement applying ECE R16 withdraws an approval it has previously granted, it shall forthwith so notify the other Contracting Parties applying ECE R16 by means of a communication (as appropriate)

136 S11 Modifications and Extension of Approval of the Vehicle Type or Safety-Belt or Restraint System Type The modification of Every Modification of Vehicle Type or the belt or restraint system shall be notified to the administrative department. The department may then either: 1. Consider that the changes made are unlikely to have an appreciable effect and that in any case those things that are modified still complies with the requirements; or 2. Require an additional test report from the technical service. Without prejudice to the description above, a variant of the vehicle whose mass in the running order is less than that of the vehicle subjected to the approval test shall not be regarded as a modification of the vehicle type. Confirmation or refusal of approval shall be specified the alterations and noticed to the parties to the Agreement applying ECE R16. The competent authority issuing the extension of approval shall assign a series number for such an extension and inform thereof the other parties to the 1958 Agreement applying ECE R16 by means of a communication. 129 S12 Production Definitely Discontinued If the holder of the approval completely ceases to manufacture a device approved in accordance with ECE R16, he shall so inform the authority which granted the approval. Upon receiving the relevant communication that authority shall inform thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying ECE R16 by means of a communication

137 S13 Instructions In the case of safety-belt type supplied separately from vehicle, the packaging and installation instructions must clearly state the vehicle type (s) for which it is intended. Note: In the case of safety-belt type supplied together with vehicle, this does not apply to the instructions. 131 S14 Names and Addresses of Technical Services Responsible for Conducting Approval Tests, and of Administrative Departments The Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying ECE R16 shall communicate to the United Nation Secretariat the names and *addresses of the technical services responsible for conducting approval tests and of the administrative departments which grant approval and to which forms certifying approval or refusal or extension or withdrawal of approval, issued in other countries, are to be sent. *These addresses are described in the website, which is shown below

138 S15 Transitional Provisions In the case of the revision of supplements, if it had added a significant modification of technical requirements, such as installation requirements, the transitional provisions would be established. The effective date of the new regulations to recognize approvals The official date that starts applying the new regulations for New Type Vehicles The official date that starts applying the new regulations for Continuous Production Vehicles No Contracting party applying ECE R16 shall refuse to grant ECE approvals under ECE R16. The Contracting Parties applying ECE R16 shall grant approval only if the vehicle type satisfies the requirements of ECE R16. The Contracting Parties applying ECE R16 may refuse to recognize approvals not granted. Note: From to the end of this section, It is described only the repetitions of the same situation as the description above, but the different revisions against transitional provisions

139 R16 (Seatbelts )Test Procedure Tokujirou MIYAKE Oct 11, Test Procedure for Safety Belts (Seat Belts) (R16) 1 General requirements 2 Rigid parts 3 Strap 4 Belt assembly & restraint system 2

140 1 General Requirements General specifications The belt or the restraint system should be designed / constructed so that: - its satisfactory operation is assured when correctly stalled and properly used by an occupant - reduces the risk of bodily injury in the event of an accident The straps of the belt shall not be liable to assume a dangerous configuration. Rigid parts The rigid parts of the belt assembly (buckles, adjusting devices, attachments, etc.) shall not have sharp edges liable to cause wear or breakage of the straps by chafing. 3 Test Procedure for Safety Belts (Seat Belts) (R16) 1 General requirements 2 Rigid parts 3 Strap 4 Belt assembly & restraint system 4

141 2 Rigid Parts ⅰAll parts of the belt assembly ⅱEnergy absorbing parts ⅲ Rigid parts made of plastics of safety belts ⅳ Buckle ⅴ Belt adjusting device ⅵ Attachment and belt adjustment devices for height ⅶ Retractor ⅷ Manually unlocking tractors ⅸ Automatically locking tractors ⅹ Emergency locking tractors xi Pre-loading device 5 All parts of the belt assembly Corrosion test Assembly incorporating a retractor unwind the strap to full length less than 300±3mm Exposure test proceed continuously for a period of 50 hours After the exposure test Gently wash or dip the assembly in clean running water with temperature not higher than 38. After removing salt deposit, dry the assembly at room temperature before inspection. After corrosion test All parts of the belt assembly liable to be affected by corrosion shall be suitably protected against it. 6

142 Salt Spray Testing Chamber 7 Corrosion Test Device Location of test sample in the mist cabinet Support or suspend samples between 15 and 30 from the vertical and parallel to the principal direction of horizontal flow of mist through the chamber, based on the dominant surface being tested (except for retractors). Place each sample so as to permit free setting of mist on all samples. Place each sample so salt solution from one sample dripping on to any other sample is prevented. Salt solution Salt solution dissolve 5±1 parts by mass of sodium chloride in 95 parts of distilled water The salt shall be sodium chloride substantially free of nickel and copper. It shall contain on the dry basis not more than 0.1% of sodium iodide and not more than 0.3 percent of total impurities. 8

143 Energy Absorption Rigid parts intended to absorb energy or to be subjected to or to transmit a load shall not be fragile. Rigid items and parts made of plastics of safety belts Locate them so they do not become trapped under a movable seat or in a door. If the location does not comply with the requirements, they shall be subjected to the cold impact test. 9 Cold Impact Test 1 Place the rigid items and parts made of plastic in a refrigerated cabinet at -10±1 for 2 hours. 2 Place the test items upon a flat rigid steel surface. Flat rigid steel surface: 100kg mass horizontal surface of a compact rigid block 3 An 18kg steel mass is allowed to fall under gravity through 300mm on the test sample within 30 seconds of being removed from the refrigerated cabinet. Steel impact face: 45HRC hardness forms a convex with a transverse radium of 10mm, and a longitudinal radius of 150mm placed along the center line 10

144 After Cold Impact Test Check the plastic cover and retainer of rigid parts for visible cracks Cracks are present Remove the complete plastic part Asses remaining assembly against its remaining continued security No visible cracks are present Further assessment against test requirements Further assessments Tests for buckles, belt adjusting devices, and attachments & belt adjustment devices for height 11 Cold Impact Test 12

145 Buckles Structure Buckle is not left in a partially-closed position Procedure for opening the buckle is evident Dimension of device Situated at a maximal distance of 2.5mm from the contact surface section not less than 20cm 2 46mm width Harness belt buckles The width requirement is satisfied if the contact area is between 20 and 40cm 2 13 Buckle-opening A force of 60/n dan is applied when not under tension (n = number of straps) Capable of being engaged by the wearer with a simple movement of one hand in one direction. Dimension of opening button Color : Red Enclosed type: area not less than 4.5cm 2, width not less than 15mm Non-enclosed type: area not less than 2.5cm 2, width not less than 10mm 14

146 Refrigerated Cabinet Test 1The buckle is placed in a refrigerated cabinet at -10±1 for 2 hours. 2The mating parts of the buckle are coupled together manually immediately after being removed from the refrigerated cabinet. 3 Confirm normal operation. Repeated operation test (conducted prior to belt assembly or restraint system test) The buckle shall undergo 5,000 opening and closing cycles under normal conditions of use. 15 Buckle-opening test Remove the belt assembly from the test trolley without opening the buckle. Force required to open the buckle shall not exceed 6 dan. Test for belt assembly components incorporating rigid parts Connect to the tensile-testing apparatus. Increase load to 980 dan. The buckle must not break, be seriously distorted, become detached under the prescribed load 16

147 Buckle Durability Testing quipment 17 Belt Adjusting Device Micro-slip test (see annex 11, figure 3 to this Regulation) Keep the samples in an atmosphere having a temperature of 20±5 and a relative humidity of 65±5% for 24 hours. The test shall be carried out at a temperature between 15 and 30 degrees. 1 Attach a 5 dan load to the lower end of the section of the strap. 2 Subject the other end to a back and forth motion. (total amplitude: 300±20mm) 3 Complete a series of 20 cycles before the actual start of the test. 18

148 Micro-slip test (see annex 11, figure 3 to this Regulation) Complete 1,000 cycles at a frequency of 0.5 cycles per second The total amplitude shall be 300±20mm. Apply the 5 dan load only during the time corresponding to a shift of 100±200mm for each half period. Micro-slip judgment The strap slip shall not exceed 25mm for each sample of adjusting device. The sum of shifts for all the adjusting devices shall not exceed 40mm. 19 Webbing Abrasion Resistance Testing Equipment Sash Guide, Tongue Plate Adjustment Device Hexagon Bar 20

149 Test of belt assembly components incorporating rigid parts Connect to the tensile-testing apparatus, and build up load to 980 dan. The device must not break or become detached under load. Test of manually adjusting device 1 Draw the strap steadily through the adjusting device at a rate of approximately 100mm/s. 2 Measure the maximum force to the nearest 0.1 dan after the first 25mm of strap movement. Conduct the test in both directions of strap travel through the device. Cycle the strap 10 times prior to the measurement. The force required to operate manually adjusting devices shall not exceed 5 dan. 21 Attachments and belt adjustment devices for height Test of belt assembly components incorporating rigid parts Connect to the tensile-testing apparatus, and build up the load to 1470 dan Apply force in the least favorable condition likely to occur in a vehicle in which the belt is correctly installed. When installed on a number of vehicles, the test does not have to be repeated for vehicles in which the anchorage point is less than 50mm distant from the anchorage point. The belt adjustment devices shall be tested as specified in if they have not been tested on the vehicle application of R14. Judgment The parts must not break or become detached under the load. 22

150 Tensile Strength Testing Machine 23 Retractor Tests of belt assembly components incorporating rigid parts Connect to the tensile-testing apparatus Increase the load 1470 dan. Unwind the strap completely from the reel. When installed on a number of vehicles, the test does not have to be repeated for vehicles in which the anchorage point is less than 50mm distant from the anchorage point. 24

151 Manually unlocking retractors Requirements It does not move more than 25mm between locking positions of the retractor. Apply a tension of 1.4 dan ~ 2.2 dan to the strap in the normal direction of pull. It is extracted within 6mm of its maximum length. 1. Durability of retractor mechanism Withdraw and allow the strap to retract at a rate of not more than 30 cycles per minute, until the 5000 cycles have been completed Corrosion test Unwind the strap to full length less 300±3mm for an assembly incorporating a retractor. Exposure test proceed continuously for a period of 50 hours After the exposure test Gently wash or dip the assembly in clean running water with a temperature not higher than 38 ot remove any salt deposit. Dry at room temperature for 24 hours after removing the salt deposit Conduct the corrosion test After corrosion test Signs of deterioration likely to impair the proper functioning of the device or any significant corrosion shall be visible to the unaided eye. 26

152 3. Dust resistance 1 Position the retractor in a test chamber and fill with dust. Dust: consist of 1kg of dry quartz Particle size distribution: a) passing 150 micrometers aperture, 104 micrometers wire diameter: 99 ~ 100% b) passing 105 micrometers aperture, 64 micrometers wire diameter: 76 ~ 86% c) passing 52 micrometers aperture, 75micrometers wire diameter: 60 ~ 70% 2 Extract 500mm of the strap from the retractor and keep extracted. It shall be subjected to 10 complete cycles of retraction and withdrawal within 1 to 2 minutes after each agitation of the dust. 3 Agitate the dust by compressed air free of oil and moisture at a gauge pressure of 5.5x105pa Pa entering through an orifice 1.5±0.1mm in diameter (every 20 minutes for 5 seconds; for a period of 5 hours) 27 Sand and Dust Chamber 28

153 4. Durability of retractor mechanism After the tests in 1 ~ 3, withdraw the strap from the retractor and allow to retract at a rate of not more than 30 cycles per minute, until 5,000 cycles have been completed. After the tests in 1 ~ 4 Retractor operates normally. Retractor does not move more than 25mm between locking positions of the retractor. Apply a tension of 1.4 dan ~ 2.2 dan to the strap in the normal direction of pull. It shall be extracted within 6mm of its maximum length. 29 Automatically locking retractors Requirements The strap shall not move more than 30mm between locking positions of the retractor. After rearward movement of the wearer the belt must remain at its initial position During forward movement of the wearer the belt must return to that position automatically on subsequent forward movements of the wearer 30

154 Retracting forces Measure the retracting force with the safety belt assembly fitted to a dummy (as for the dynamic test) Measure the tension at the point of contact with the dummy while the strap is being retracted at a rate of 0.6m/min. Judgment Retractor is part of the lap belt not less than 0.7 dan Retractor is part of an upper torso restraint 0.1 ~ 0.7 dan Durability of retractor mechanism Withdraw the strap from the retractor and allow to retract at a rate of not more than 30 cycles per minute, until 5,000 cycles have been completed. 32

155 2. Corrosion test Unwind the strap to full length less 300±3mm for an assembly incorporating retractors. Proceed exposure test continuously for a period of 50 hours. After exposure test Gently wash or dip the assembly in clean running water with temperature not higher than 38 to remove salt deposit. Dry at room temperature for 24 hours after removing the salt deposit. Conduct the corrosion test After corrosion test Signs of deterioration likely to impair the proper functioning of the device or any significant corrosion shall be visible to the unaided eye Dust resistance 1 Position the retractor in a test chamber, and fill with dust. Dust: 1kg of dry quartz Particle size distribution: a) passing 150 micrometers aperture, 104 micrometers wire diameter: 99 ~ 100% b) passing 105 micrometers aperture, 64 micrometers wire diameter: 76 ~ 86% c) passing 52 micrometers aperture, 75micrometers wire diameter: 60 ~ 70% 2 Extract 500mm of the strap from the retractor and keep extracted It shall be subjected to 10 complete cycles of retraction and withdrawal within 1 to 2 minutes after each agitation of the dust. 3 Agitate the dust by compressed air free of oil and moisture at a gauge pressure of 5.5x105pa Pa entering through an orifice 1.5±0.1mm in diameter (every 20 minutes for 5 seconds; for a period of 5 hours) 34

156 4. Durability of retractor mechanism After the tests in 1 ~ 3, withdraw the strap from the retractor and allow to retract at a rate of not more than 30 cycles per minute, until 5,000 cycles have been completed. After the tests in 1 ~ 4 The retractor operates normally. The strap does not move more than 25mm between locking positions of the retractor. After a rearward movement of the wearer the belt must remain at its initial position During forward movement of the wearer the belt must return to that position automatically on subsequent forward movements of the wearer 35 Repeat after the tests in 1 ~ 4 Retracting forces Measure the retracting force with the safety belt assembly fitted to a dummy (as for the dynamic test) Measure the strap tension at the point of contact with the dummy while the strap is being retracted at the rate of 0.6m/min. Judgment Retractor is part of the lap belt not less than 0.7 dan Retractor is part of an upper torso restraint 0.1 ~ 0.7 dan 36

157 Emergency locking retractors Locking of emergency locking retractors Test the retractor once for locking when the strap has been unwound to full length less than 300±3mm. Retractor actuated by strap movement the extraction shall be in the direction in which it normally occurs when the retractors is installed in a vehicle. Test for sensitivity to vehicle deceleration Conduct the test at the normal direction of extraction along 2 perpendicular axes. 37 Locking of emergency locking retractors Type Type 4 Type 4N Deceleration speed Locks at Locks at Acceleration speed Does not lock when less than 0.8g Does not lock when less than

158 Angle sensing device Mount the retractor on a horizontal table. Tilt the table with a speed not exceeding 2 per second until locking has occurred. Type Installation angle Type 4 Type 4N Locks when tilted by more than 27 Locks when tilted by more than 40 Must not lock when tilted 12 or less 39 Strap movement The amount of strap movement which may occur before the retractor locks shall not exceed 50mm starting at the length 300±3mm at the time of the test. Locking must not occur during the 50mm of strap movement 40

159 Retracting forces Measure the retracting force with the safety belt assembly fitted to a dummy (as for the dynamic test). Measure the strap tension at the point of contact with the dummy while the strap is being retracted at the rate of 0.6m/min. Judgment Free length between dummy and retractor: not less than 0.7 dan Retractor is part of an upper torso restraint: 0.1 dan ~ 0.7 dan A belt equipped with a tension-reducing device is in operation: 0.05 dan ~ 0.7 dan 41 Retracting forces In the case of a safety belt with tension-reducing device the retracting force and strap tension shall be measured with the tension-reducing device in operation mode and non-operation mode. 1. Durability of retractor mechanism Withdraw the strap from the retractor and allow to retract repeatedly until 40,000 cycles have been competed. 42

160 2. Corrosion test Assembly incorporating a retractor unwind the strap to full length less 300±3mm Proceed the exposure test continuously for a period of 50 hours. After exposure test Gently wash or dip the assembly in clean running water with temperature not higher than 38 to remove salt deposit. Dry at room temperature for 24 hours after removing the salt deposit. Conduct the corrosion test. After corrosion test Signs of deterioration likely to impair the proper functioning of the device or any significant corrosion shall be visible to the unaided eye Dust resistance 1 Position the retractor in a test chamber, and fill with dust. Dust: 1kg of dry quartz Particle size distribution: a) passing 150 micrometers aperture, 104 micrometers wire diameter: 99 ~ 100% b) passing 105 micrometers aperture, 64 micrometers wire diameter: 76 ~ 86% c) passing 52 micrometers aperture, 75micrometers wire diameter: 60 ~ 70% 2 Extract 500mm of the strap from the retractor and keep extracted It shall be subjected to 10 complete cycles of retraction and withdrawal within 1 to 2 minutes after each agitation of the dust. 3 Agitate the dust by compressed air free of oil and moisture at a gauge pressure of 5.5x105pa Pa entering through an orifice 1.5±0.1mm in diameter (every 20 minutes for 5 seconds; for a period of 5 hours) 44

161 4. Durability of retractor mechanism After the tests in 1 ~ 3, withdraw the strap from the retractor and allow to retract at a rate of not more than 30 cycles per minute, until 5,000 cycles have been completed. Repeat after the tests in 1 ~ 4 Retractor operates normally Requirements shall be met for: Locking of emergency locking retractors Angle sensing device Strap movement Retracting force If incorporating a tension-reducing device, conduct measurements in both the operation and non-operation mode. 45 After durability test, etc. Tilt the dummy clothed with a white cotton shirt frontward until 350mm of the strap, and then release to the initial position. Judgment Slack between the torso and belt of retractors shall be avoided for retractors (except automatically locking retractors) When the buckle is unlatched to release the tongue, the retractor alone must be able to retract the strap fully. 46

162 Pre-loading device Verify that inadvertent operation of the device does not involve any risk of bodily injury for wearer. Corrosion test Unwind the strap to full length less 300±3mm for an assembly incorporating a retractor. Proceed the exposure test continuously for a period of 50 hours. After exposure test Gently wash or dip the assembly in clean running water with temperature not higher than 38 to remove salt deposit. Dry at room temperature for 24 hours after removing the salt deposit. Conduct the corrosion test. After corrosion test Pre-loading device shall operate normally. 47 Pyrotechnic pre-loading device The device prevents the hot gases expelled from igniting adjacent flammable materials. Additional tests for safety belts with pre-loading devices The pre-loading device may be separated from the safety belt. 1 Keep in a temperature of 60±5 for 24 hours. 2 Raise the temperature to 100±5 for 2 hours. 3 Keep at a temperature of -30±5 for 24 hours. Warm up the device to ambient temperature after the conditioning. Fit again to the safety belt if it has been separated. 48

163 Pyrotechnic pre-loading device Judgment The device must not been activated by change of temperature. The device shall operate normally after the conditioning. 49 Test Procedure for Safety Belts (Seat Belts) (R16) 1 General requirements 2 Rigid parts 3 Strap 4 Belt assembly & restraint systems 50

164 3 Strap General requirements The pressure on the wearer s body is distributed as evenly as possible over their width It shall not twist even under tension. It shall have finished selvages which do not become unraveled in use. 51 Test of breaking strength of strap (static test) Test 2 new samples of strap, of sufficient length, conditioned for breaking strength. 1 Grip the strap between the clamps of a tensile-testing machine. Free length of specimen: 200±40mm Speed of traverse: approx. 100mm/min 2 When the load reaches 980 dan, measure the width of the strap without stopping the machine. 3 Increase the tension until the strap breaks. Record the breaking load. If the strap slips or breaks at 100mm of the clamps, the test is invalid. 52

165 Test of breaking strength of strap (static test) Judgment Width The width of the strap under load of 980 dan shall be not less than 46mm. Judgment Strength Strength after room-conditioning Breaking load of the two strap samples shall be not less than 1,470 dan. The difference between the breaking loads of the two samples shall not exceed 10%. Strength after special conditioning Breaking load of the two strap samples shall be: - not less than 75% of average of the loads determined in the test - not less than 1,470 dan 53 Test Procedure for Safety Belts (Seat Belts) (R16) 1 General requirements 2 Rigid parts 3 Strap 4 Belt assembly & restraint system 54

166 4 Belt Assembly & Restraint System Dynamic test for belt assembly & restraint system 1 Conduct a repeated operation test for the buckle of belt assemblies The buckle shall be capable of withstanding repeated operation, and shall undergo 5,000 opening and closing cycles under normal conditions of use. 2 Safety belts with retractors Conduct a corrosion test for the retractor 3 Safety belts or restraint systems equipped with a pre-loading device comprising pyrotechnic means The device shall be submitted to conditioning Belt Assembly & Restraint System Dynamic test for belt assembly & restraint system Conduct a corrosion test After the corrosion test, the buckles shall be subjected to 500 additional opening and closing cycles. Retractors shall have been subjected either to the tests described in or This test is not required if the retractor has already been subjected to the corrosion test. 56

167 4 Belt Assembly & Restraint System Dynamic test for belt assembly & restraint system Test on a trolley or a frontal impact test at 50km/h Belt assembly: Mount on a seat or a trolley with an anchorage Restraint system: Mount on the part of the vehicle structure to which the restraint systems is normally fitted, and conduct test on the test trolley. The method used to secure the vehicle during the test does not strengthen the anchorages of the seats or safety belts. Seat position: in the most unfavorable position Seat back angle: 25 (M1 and N1), 15 (other categories) All seats are tested simultaneously 57 4 Belt Assembly & Restraint System Dynamic test for belt assembly & restraint system 1 Place a board of 25mm thick between the back of the manikin and the seat back. Attach the belt assembly to the manikin. 2 Remove the board so that the entire length of its back is in contact with the seat back. The free ends of the straps shall extend sufficiently far beyond the adjusting devices to allow for slip. 3 Trolley: impact speed 50±1km/h stopping distance 40±5cm deceleration curve : within range of the corridor Measure trolley speed, forward displacement of the manikin, and the speed of the chest at 300mm displacement. After impact, inspect the belt assembly or restraint system without opening the buckle, to determine if there has been any failure or breakage. Check the restraint system for permanent deformation. 58

168 4 Belt Assembly & Restraint System Dynamic test of belt assembly & restraint system Judgment No component shall break. No buckles, locking system or displacement system shall release or unlock. Forward displacement of manikin Lap belt: 80~200mm at pelvic level Other belts: 80~200mm at pelvic level 100~300mm at chest level Harness belt: minimum displacement may be reduced by half Belt with pre-loading device: minimum displacement may be reduced by half Displacement of the chest reference point for safety belts intended to be used in an outboard front seating position protected by an airbag displacement may exceed specified value if the speed does not exceed 24km/h 59 4 Belt Assembly & Restraint System Dynamic test for belt assembly & restraint system Judgment : In the case of restraint systems - No part of the torso or the head of the manikin comes into contact with any rigid part of the vehicle other than the chest with the steering wheel. - The steering wheel meets the requirements of R12, and does not occur at a speed higher than 24km/h. It is considered to be in specified position even when exceeding the specified value. - The displacement systems, etc. can be operable by hand after the test. - By way of derogation, in case of a restraint system, the displacements may greater than the specified value in the case where the upper anchorage fitted to the seat profits from the derogation provided in R14,

169 Trolley, Seat, Anchorages and Stopping Device Trolley - Test trolley for safety belt: carries only seat, mass 400±20kg - Test trolley for restraint system: mass 800kg (including vehicle structure) Seat -The seat shall be of rigid construction and present a smooth surface (except in the case of test on restraint systems) - No metal parts shall come into contact with the belt 61 4 Belt Assembly & Restraint System Strength after abrasion conditioning Abrasion conditioning Perform on every device in which the strap is in contact with a rigid part of the belt Adjusting devices are excluded from the above test: If the micro-slip test shows that the strap slips less than half the prescribed value, the procedure 1 abrasion conditioning will not be necessary. Keep the samples for 24 hours in the below atmosphere : Temperature: 20±5, Relative humidity: 65±5% Ambient temperature during abrasion procedure: 15 ~ 30 3.(R14) Strength test 62

170 4 Belt Assembly & Restraint System Abrasion conditioning dan Hz Cycles mm Procedure , ±20 Procedure , ±20 Procedure ,000 ー 3.(R14) Strength test 63 Abrasion conditioning Procedure 1: for cases where the strap slides through an adjusting device Maintain a vertical steady load on one end of the strap. Attach the other end of the strap to a device giving the strap a horizontal back and forth motion. Place the adjusting device on the horizontal strap so that the strap remains under tension. Procedure 2: for cases where the strap changes direction in passing through a rigid part Steady load: maintain 0.5daN For cases where the strap changes direction more than once in passing through a rigid part, the load of 0.5 dan may be increased so as to achieve the prescribed strap movement of 300mm through that rigid part. 64

171 Abrasion conditioning Procedure 3: for cases where the strap is fixed to a rigid part by a sewing or similar means Total back and forth motion: 300±20mm Apply 5 dan load only during a shift of 100±20mm for each half period. Test of breaking strength of strap & Test of belt assembly components incorporating rigid parts Conduct a breaking strength test for a sample which has been abrasion conditioned. 65 Test of breaking strength of strap & Test of belt assembly components incorporating rigid parts Judgment Breaking strength: at least equal to 75% of the breaking strength average determined during tests, and not less than the minimum load specified for the item being tested. Difference between breaking strength of the 2 samples must not exceed 20% of the highest measured breaking strength. Type 1 & Type 2 procedures: break strength test shall be carried out on strap samples only Type 3 procedure: breaking strength test shall be carried out on the strap in combination with the metal component involved. 66

172 Future Tasks Due to the differences between the conventional Japanese standards, it will be necessary to review test equipments and to manufacture measurement devices by introducing new tests. 67

173 ECE Regulation No S2 (SEATS, THEIR ANCHORAGES AND HEAD RESTRAINTS ) Technical Requirements October 11 13, 2006 Hiroyuki Asada PASSIVE SAFETY SUBCOMMITTEE in JASIC Japan Automobile Standards Internationalization Center Version and Application ECE R17-07-S2 Version 07 Series of Amendment(Major amendment) Adopted at the 113th WP 29 (November, 1997) Supplement 2 (Minor amendment) Adopted at the 117th WP29(March, 1999.) Application For grant of approval: from August 6, 2000 For registration: from August 6,

174 Contents 1. Scope 2. Definitions 5. Requirements 5.1. General requirements for M1 category vehicle seats Provision of locking system Unlocking control Energy dissipation (Area 1) No dangerous roughness (Radius curvature) Strength Locking system retention Accessibility Special requirements regarding the protection of occupants from displaced luggage 3 Contents 5.2. General specifications applicable to seats of vehicles of categories N1, N2 and N3 and to seats of vehicles of categories M2 and M3 not covered by Regulation No Installation Automatic lock of seats Locking system of seatback Folding seat locking 4 2

175 Contents 5.3. Mounting of head restraints 5.4. Special requirements for seats fitted or capable of being fitted with head restraints No dangerous roughness Energy absorption Provision of padding Exemption of rearmost head restraint Retention of head restraint Alternative requirements 5.5. Height of head restraints 5 Contents 5.6. Energy absorption for seat to be fitted with head restraint Height of head supporting area 5.7. Gap between seatback and head restraint 5.8. Gap within head restraint(integral) 5.9. Gap within head restraint(separated) Width Backward displacement Strength Prevention of Unintended Position Locking device strength 6 3

176 1. Scope Strength of seats, their anchorages and head restraints M1 and N M2 and M3 those not covered by Regulation No. 80 (Large passenger Vehicle Seat ) up to 01 series of amendments. = All seats of Classes I and A vehicles and driver s seat of other Classes Design of the rear parts of seat-backs, Partition Systems M Scope Exemption Folding, side-facing or rearward-facing seats, or to any head restraint fitted to these seats Folding seat:a seat for which original arrangement is a folded position. 8 4

177 5.1. General Requirements for M General Requirements Adjustment and displacement system shall have a locking system. Not required for comfort devices such as armrests unless such devices will cause additional risk of injury. Additional risk of injury: If subject device may move or project and contact the occupant, causing an injury in the event of impact General Requirements for M Displacement system Unlocking control for Displacement system for easy access of occupants to the space behind the seat concerned (defined in 2.7) shall be placed on the outside of the seat close to the door. * Unlocking control for such device to be used by rear seat passengers may not be placed on the outside of the seat close to the door. 10 5

178 5.1. General Requirements for M , Rear Parts of Seats The surface up to the curve end shall be considered. Apply only to the rigid parts. The Area contacted by a 165 mm diameter sphere when the seat is mounted in the vehicle. (without deforming the flexible mesh components) * Not apply to rearmost seats or back-to-back seats General Requirements for M , Rear Parts of Seats Requirements Area 1: Pass the energy dissipation test and Radii of Curvature 2.5 mm Area 2: Radii of Curvature 5.0 mm, or 2.5 mm if they pass the energy-dissipation test and the surface is padded. Area 3: Radii of Curvature 3.2 mm Areas in separate seats without head restraints (defined in ) RP 12 6

179 5.1. General Requirements for M , Rear Parts of Seats Requirements Area 1: Pass the energy dissipation test and Radii of Curvature 2.5 mm Area 2: Radii of Curvature 5.0 mm, or 2.5 mm if they pass the energy-dissipation test and the surface is padded. Area 3: Radii of Curvature 3.2 mm Areas in bench seats without head restraints (defined in ) RP General Requirements for M , Rear Parts of Seats Requirements Area 1: Pass the energy dissipation test and Radii of Curvature 2.5 mm Area 2: Radii of Curvature 5.0 mm, or 2.5 mm if they pass the energy-dissipation test and the surface is padded. Area 3: Radii of Curvature 3.2 mm Areas in seats or bench seats with head restraints (defined in ) RP 14 7

180 5.1. General Requirements for M Rear Parts of Seats Energy Dissipation Test for Area 1 Deceleration of the headform does not exceed 80 g continuously for more than 3 ms. No dangerous edge (rigid part) shall occur during or remain after the test 24.1km/h Φ165, 6.8kg General Requirements for M Rear Parts of Seats --- Radii of Curvature Exempted Areas Parts covered with material softer than 50 shore A 16 8

181 5.1. General Requirements for M Rear Parts of Seats --- Radii of Curvature Exempted Areas Areas out of those 3 areas with a projection of less than 3.2 mm. --- height of the projection is not more than half its width. Rear parts of seats situated below a horizontal plane passing through the lowest R point in each row of seats. Parts such as "flexible wire mesh*, * such as springs or harnesses. W R H<3.2 H<W/ General Requirements for M1 Seats Performance(5.1.5 to 5.1.7) Applicable Parts Seat frame or the seat anchorage Adjustment and displacement systems Locking devices of adjustment or displacement systems Locking systems Locking system Displacement system (Ex. walk-in system) Adjustment system 18 9

182 5.1. General Requirements for M1 Seats Performance(5.1.5 to 5.1.7) Moment Test (6.2) Note: 5.14 Exempted when No breakage of the seat or seat-back occurred after head restraint performance test(6.4) In the case of a bench seat, where part or all of the supporting frame (including that of the head restraints) is common* to more than one seating position, the test shall be conducted simultaneously for all those seating positions. (6.4.2.) General Requirements for M1 With Head Restraint 89 da N Without Head restraint Force producing a moment of 53 danm 20 10

183 5.1. General Requirements for M1 Seats Performance (5.1.5 to 5.1.7) Inertia Force Test (6.3) Apply any of the following deceleration Not less than 20 g for 30 milliseconds Test pulse within the corridor below Deceleration in G ms G Sled Time in ms May be replaced by a collision test of the complete vehicle(6.3.5.) General Requirements for M1 Seats Performance(5.1.5 to 5.1.7) Requirements No failure during and after the test(5.1.5.) - Permanent deformations, including ruptures, may be accepted, provided that these do not increase the risk of injury in the event of a collision and the prescribed loads were sustained. Displacement system capable of being unlocked (5.1.7.) Permit the displacement of the seat or the part of the seat (5.1.7.) 22 11

184 5.1. General Requirements for M1 Seats Performance(5.1.5 to 5.1.7) Displacement of Luggage Test (5.15, Annex 9) Body anchored securely to a test sled Accelerated so that at the moment of impact, its free running speed is 50 +0/-2 km/h

185 5.1. General Requirements for M1 Seats Performance(5.1.5 to 5.1.7) Requirements No release of the locking systems (5.1.6.) Displacement system capable of being unlocked(5.1.7.) Permit the displacement of the seat or the part of the seat (5.1.7.) Protection from Displaced Luggage (M1) Applicable parts Seat-backs and/or head restraints located such that they constitute the forward boundary of the luggage compartment (5.15.1) The partitioning systems may be positioned in place, if these systems are fitted as standard equipment(5.15.2) Exemption(5.15.3) Luggage retention systems which are activated automatically in case of an impact 26 13

186 5.15. Protection from Displaced Luggage (M1) Requirements(5.15.1, ) Seat-back and its locking mechanism, and partition system shall remain in place. During the test, the test blocks shall remain behind the seat-back(s) in question. No sharp or rough edges shall be present in the partition system after the test Protection from Displaced Luggage(M1) Requirements (5.15.1, ) Forward contour of the parts, that are harder than 50 Shore A, does not move forward of a transverse vertical plane which passes through the following point (a) Head restraint : 150 mm forward of the R point (b) Seat-back/partition system: 100 mm forward of the R point

187 5.2. Requirements for Other Categories Categories N1, N2, N3 M2 and M3 those not covered by Regulation No. 80 (Large passenger Vehicle Seat ) up to 01 series of amendments. = All seats of Classes I and A vehicles and driver s seat of other Classes Requirements for Other Categories Requirements Seats and bench seats must be firmly attached to the vehicle. (5.2.1) Sliding seats and bench seats must be automatically lockable in all the positions provided. (5.2.2) Adjustable seat-backs must be lockable in all the positions provided. (5.2.3) All seats which can be tipped forward or have fold-on backs must lock automatically in the normal position. (5.2.4) 30 15

188 5.3. Mounting of Head Restraints Categories and Requirements M1 Mounting --- Every outboard front and rear seat Specifications --- ECE R17(this regulation) M2 3,500kg and N1 Mounting --- Every outboard front seat Specifications --- ECE R25 The requirements are almost equal to those of ECE R17. Head Restraint not required by this regulation May be approved to ECE R17(Optional) Mounting of Head Restraints Applicable Components Head restraint (3 types) Integrated Detachable Separate Head Restraint Removable without tool* 540 mm Seat-back R point Vehicle structure * If the use of tools or partial or complete removal of the seat covering is required for detachment of the head restraint, it is considered as an integrated head restraint

189 5.4. Seats to be Fitted with Head Restraints General Requirements No dangerous roughness or sharp edge in any position of use (5.4.1) Secured to the seat or to the vehicle (5.4.5) - No rigid and dangerous parts project from the padding* or attachment after the test * including padding of the head restraint, the anchorage, and the seat back Seats to be Fitted with Head Restraints Requirements for Front and rear faces of the head restraints Area 1: Meet energy dissipation test (5.4.2, 5.6) (See also and Annex 6) 635 mm from R point Area 2: Radii of Curvature 5.0 mm, or 2.5 mm if they pass the energy-dissipation test(5.4.3) Exemption Rear faces of head restraints if no seat is provided behind the intended seat.(5.4.4) 34 17

190 5.4. Seats to be Fitted with Head Restraints Height of Head Restraints Height Requirements in use position* (mm) (5.5.2 to 5.5.3, 5.5.5) The head restraint must not be adjustable to the height less than the following, except for the non-use position. Fixed Adjustable Highest Lowest Front 800* 800* 750 corrected Rear outboard 750* 750* 750 * Exempted in order to obtain clearance up to 25 mm between the head restraint and the interior surface of the vehicle** In such cases, the lowest position shall not be less than 700 mm(5.5.4) ** minimum clearance in all directions Measuring Procedure (5.5.1) Rear center

191 5.5. Height of Head Restraints Retraction to Non-use Position Front Seat ( ) may be automatically retracted to the height less than 750 mm when the seat is not occupied, provided that it automatically return to the position of use when the seat is occupied. Rear Seat ( ) may be retracted to the height less than 700 mm, provided that it is clearly recognizable to the occupant as a non-use position. ex. - not being able to be seated with comfort (see figure) - providing a warning label Interfering with shoulder Part of Device on which Head Rests Application Head restraints adjustable for height: Height Requirement 100 mm 38 19

192 5.7. Gap between Seat-back and Head Restraint If non-adjustable for height: 60 mm If adjustable for height: 25 mm in the lowest position in all position for seats with separate head restraint Gap , 5.9. Gap within Head Restraint Requirements Gap not exceeding 60 mm measured by 165 mm sphere. or Backward displacement less than 102 mm after applying a force producing a moment of 37.3 danm (5.11.) 40 20

193 5.10. Head Restraint Width Requirement Not less than 85 mm to each side of the vertical median plane of the seat for which the head restraint is intended Backward Displacement Test Condition Force producing a moment of 37.3 danm by 165 mm sphere Requirement Backward displacement(x)shall be less than 102 mm 1. and r: Original unloaded position. 2a. and r1: Displaced position after applying a moment of 37.3 danm about the R point. 2b.: Displaced position by applying to the 165 mm sphere a force F producing a moment of 37.3 danm about the R point, keeping the displaced reference line r1 in place. X 42 21

194 5.12. Head Restraint Strength Test conditions After the backward displacement test, increase the load to 89daN*. * Amended as ECE R17-Rev.4-C1 at the 131st WP29(Nov., 2003). 89daN Requirement Bear without breakage Prevention of Unintended Position For adjustable head restraints Deliberate action by the user is required to raise the restraint beyond the maximum operational height (including removal by pulling upward) Ex

195 ECE Regulation No (HEAD RESTRAINTS ) Technical Requirements October 11 13, 2006 PASSIVE SAFETY SUBCOMMITTEE in JASIC Japan Automobile Standards Internationalization Center Version and Application ECE R25-04 Version 04 Series of Amendment(Major amendment) Application For grant of approval: from January 15, 1999 For registration: from January 15,

196 1. Scope Following components for vehicles of ALL categories Head-restraints Seat backs which involve a part used as a head-restraint (integrated head-restraints). Exemption Category M1 vehicles if they conform to ECE Regulation No. 17. Folding, side-facing or rearward-facing seats. 47 Mounting of Head Restraints Categories and Requirements M1 Mounting --- Every outboard seat Specifications --- ECE R17(this regulation) M2 3,500kg and N1 Mounting --- Every outboard front seat Specifications --- ECE R25 The requirements are equivalent to those of ECE R17. Head Restraint not required by this regulation May be approved to ECE R17(Optional) 48 24

197 6. General Specifications Corresponding clause of R No dangerous roughness Energy absorption Exemption of rearmost head restraint Provision of padding Retention of head restraint Height of head restraints Height of head supporting area Gap within head restraint 5.8., 5.9. Gap between seatback and head restraint Width Backward displacement Strength Prevention of Unintended Position

198 R17 (Seat Strength) andr25 (Head Restraints) : Test Procedure Tokujirou MIYAKE Oct 12, Overview of NTSEL 2. Recent trends of the Occupant Protection Group 3. Test procedure for seats and seat anchorages (R17) Test procedure for head restraints (R25) 4. Summary 2

199 What is the National Traffic Safety & Environment Laboratory ROLE >Laboratory contributing to safety and environmental measures of the Japanese government >Japan s only Automobile Type Approval Test Organization HISTORY >Founded as Traffic Safety and Nuisance Research Institute in Ministry of Transport in 1970 >Reorganized into Independent Administrative Institute as in Overview of NTSEL 3 1. Overview of NTSEL 4

200 総務自動車審査部Automobile Type Approval Test Dept. 画Organization of NTSEL Number of Employees: 99 Capital: million yen invested entirely by the Government Budget: 3320 million yen in FY2006 監 事 Auditor 理事長 President 理 事 Executive Director 課General Affairs Division 企自etc. 交recalls リ自自動鉄通リコ動動車道シコPlanning Traffic ーResearch 車Research 車安ス室Automobile Research ール等等全航Technical テル技Office 研System Automobile の空のム術Related Related 安Safety 究Related 等技研Recall 検to to 全to に術に領係究証係域rail 領Research Research Verification 的る検部るand 研域証研environment automobile 究Dept. related Technical to 究Dept. 等等等issues, safety, aviation etc. etc. Environment 究領Research 域Dept. systems, automobile 自の環境に係る研究Verification Dept. 自動車等の審環境研Automobile type 査approval tests, etc. Ground 動車試験場Automobile Proving 5 Principal Areas of Research in Environmental Research Department Control of Emissions from Automobile Engines Particle measurement, micro tunnels, premixed compression ignition, numerical estimates, etc. New Engines and Alternative Energy Fuel cells, hybrid technology, DME engines, Natural gas engine, etc. Traffic Noise Reduction Tire noise, measurement using the intensity method, railway noise, etc. Fuel Efficiency and Prevention of Global Warming Estimation of total amount of greenhouse gases, environmental assessments, fuel simulations, etc. 1. Overview of NTSEL 6

201 Principal Areas of Research in Traffic System Research Department Railways Steering bogie, electromagnetic technology, railway infrastructure, investigation of the cause of accidents, variable gauge change trains, etc. New Railways and City Transportation Systems Light railway transit (LRT), linear maglev technology, traffic flow simulations, barrier-free innovations, etc. Cable-driven Transportation Systems Vibration reduction, cable wheel load and cableway development prevention, etc. Aviation Advanced surface movement, guidance and control system, visual information sending systems, etc. 1. Overview of NTSEL 7 Major Fields of Research in Automotive Safety Research Department Collision Safety Passenger protection and pedestrian protection during collisions, etc. Maneuverability Steering stability, braking, driver characteristics, etc. Information and Ergonomics Human interfaces, visual information processing, lighting, etc. Electronic Technology EMC, electromagnetic field analysis, safety of electronic devices, etc. 1. Overview of NTSEL 8

202 Test Item Example Automobile Type Approval Tests Collision Test Exhaust Emission Test An actual vehicle is used to confirm effects on the occupant s head, chest and thighs in the event of collision. Tests are conducted under conditions assuming various usage for each type to prevent defective motor vehicles from being marketed. The burden of individual inspection is reduced by precise examinations according to type. Measurement of exhaust emission performance is done by reproducing the actual running condition in urban area, from suburbs to urban centers etc. Prevent occurrence of defects Reduce burden of individual inspection Brake Test Brake performance is measured assuming a slippery surface or a repeated use of brakes. 1. Overview of NTSEL 9 1. Overview of NTSEL 10

203 1. Overview of NTSEL 2. Recent trends of the Occupant Protection Group 3. Test procedure for seats and seat anchorages (R17) Test procedure for head restraints (R25) 4. Summary 11 Organization of the Automobile Type Approval Test Department Director Director of Proving Ground Deputy Director Management group Domestic vehicle & lighting group Imported vehicle group Brake & noise group Occupant protection group Fuel economy & gas group Chief of Proving Ground Performance group Management Group 2. Automobile Type Approval Test Dept. (Occupant Protection Group) 12

204 Main Test Items of the Occupant Protection Group Test procedure for occupant protection in frontal collisions Test procedure for occupant protection device in lateral collisions Test procedure for occupant protection in offset collision Test procedure for fuel leakage in collisions Test procedure for steering impact Test procedure for plastic fuel tank Test procedure for instrumental panel impact absorption Test procedure for seat and seat anchorages Test procedure for seatback impact absorption Test procedure for seat belts 2. Automobile Type Approval Test Dept. (Occupant Protection Group) 13 Main Test Items of the Occupant Protection Group Test procedure for seat belt anchorages Test procedure for head restraints Test procedure for door latches and door retention components Test procedure for sunvisor impact absorption Test procedure for inside rear-view mirror impact reduction Test procedure for child restraints Test procedures for fuel gas container attaching sections & fuel gas air-tightness and ventilation for motor vehicles Test procedure for rear underrun protective devices &fitting devices for rear underrun protective devices for motor vehicles Test procedure for head protection for pedestrians Test procedure for fuel systems of motor vehicles fueled by compressed hydrogen gas 2. Automobile Type Approval Test Dept. (Occupant Protection Group) 14

205 Recent Application of Technical Standard (Type-approved vehicles) Fuel systems of motor vehicles fueled by compressed hydrogen gas (applied March 31, 2005) Pedestrian head protection (applied September 1, 2005) Rear underrun protective devices & fitting devices for rear underrun protective devices R58 (applied September 1, 2005) Seats and seat anchorages R17 (will be applied from July 1, 2007) 2. Automobile Type Approval Test Dept. 15 (Occupant Protection Group) Recent Application of Technical Standard (Type-approved vehicles) Occupant protection in offset collision R95 (will be applied from September 1, 2007) Impact absorption type steering system R12 (will be applied from September 1, 2007) Head restraints R25 (will be applied from July 1, 2012) Door latches and door retention componentsr11 (will be applied from July 1, 2012) 2. Automobile Type Approval Test Dept. (Occupant Protection Group) 16

206 Recent Application of Technical Standard (Type-approved vehicles) Seat belt assembly R16 (will be applied from September 1, 2012) Seat belt anchorages R14 (will be applied from September 1, 2012) Seats and seat anchorage of large-sized bus R80 (will be applied from July 1, 2012) Child restraints R44 (will be applied from July 1, 2012) 2. Automobile Type Approval Test Dept. (Occupant Protection Group) Overview of NTSEL 2. Recent trends of the Occupant Protection Group 3. Test procedure for seats and seat anchorages (R17) Test procedure for head restraints (R25) 4. Summary 18

207 Test for seats and seat anchorages (R17) 1. Passenger vehicle (for under 10 persons) 1 General requirements 2 Seatback impact absorption test 3 Radii of curvature provisions for components 4 Seatback moment test 5 Head restraint moment test 6 Strength test (test of resistance to inertia effects or barrier test) 7 Test for devices intended to protect the occupants against displacement of luggage 2. Bus, truck 1 Installation method, confirmation of secure anchorage (R17) 19 Test procedure for head restraints Test items (R17 & R25) 1 General requirements 2 Head restraint impact absorption test 3 Radii of curvature provisions for components 4 Head restraint moment test 5 Dimension test (R17 & R25) 20

208 1 General Requirements 1. Passenger vehicle (for under 10 persons) a. Requirement for locking mechanism All adjustment and displacement systems provided shall incorporate a locking system which shall operate automatically. b. Lock cancellation device of displacement system The device shall be placed on the outside of the seat close to the door. The device shall be easily accessible to the occupant of the seat immediately behind the seat concerned. (R17) 21 1 General Requirements No sharp or rough edges likely to increase the danger of injuries of the occupants shall be present in all positions of use. The head restraint shall be secured to the seat or to the vehicle structure in such a way that no rigid and dangerous parts project from the padding of the head restraint or from its attachment to the seatback as a result of the pressure exerted by the headform during the test. (R17 & R25) 22

209 Test for Seats and Seat Anchorages (R17) 1. Passenger vehicle (for under 10 persons) 1 General requirements 2 Seatback impact absorption test 3 Radii of curvature provisions for components 4 Seatback moment test 5 Head restraint moment test 6 Strength test (test of resistance to inertia effects or barrier test) 7 Test for devices intended to protect the occupants against displacement of luggage 2. Bus, truck 1Installation method, confirmation of secure anchorage (R17) Test procedure for head restraints Test items (R17 & R25) 1 General requirements 2 Head restraint impact absorption test 3 Radii of curvature provisions for components 4 Head restraint moment test 5 Dimension test (R17 & R25) 24

210 Test Procedure for Seatbacks The direction of impact from the rear towards the front shall be situated in a longitudinal plane at an angle of 45 degrees from the vertical using the pendulum method or longitudinal method The headform shall strike at a speed of 24.1km/h or more. The impact point shall be in area 1 or, if necessary in area 2, on surfaces exhibiting a radii of curvature less than 5mm. The surfaces of the rear parts of the seats to be checked are those situated in the defined areas which can be contacted by a 165mm diameter sphere when the seat is mounted in the vehicle. For area 1, the head restraint shall be placed in the most unfavorable position. (R17) 25 Test Procedure for Head Restraint Impact point of the rear face: the direction of impact from the rear towards the front shall be in a longitudinal plane at an angle of 45 from the vertical using the pendulum method or longitudinal method. Impact point of the front face: the direction of impact from the front towards the rear shall be horizontal in a longitudinal plane. Apply impact at a speed over 24.1km/h using a headform. Impact area: between the longitudinal vertical planes, on either side of and 70mm from the longitudinal median plane. Test area: the head restraint situated above the plane perpendicular to the reference line 635mm from the R point. (R17 & R25) 26

211 Impact Device Longitudinal type Pendulum type 27 Longitudinal Type & Pendulum Type Combined 28

212 Seatback Impact Absorption Test (pendulum type) The performance when the back seat passenger s head strikes the front seat is evaluated. 165mm diameter headform Impact speed: 24.1km/h or more Direction: 45 inclination Front seat (R17) 29 Impact Absorption Test of Rear Face Pendulum type test 30

213 Impact Absorption Test for Rear Face (longitudinal type) The performance when the rear seat occupant s head collides into the front seat is evaluated. 165mm diameter headform Impact speed: over 24.1km/h Direction: 45 inclination (R25) 31 Impact Absorption Test of Rear Face Longitudinal type test 32

214 33 Head Restraint Impact Absorption Test (front face) Impact speed: over 24.1km/h 165mm diameter headform Longitudinal type (R25) 34

215 Common requirements 2 Impact Absorption Test (R17 & R25) Test setting conditions The seatbacks, if adjustable, shall be set in a position as close to 25 degrees backward from the vertical line specified by the vehicle manufacturer or the torso line of the manikin. When a seat and its locking mechanism are identical or symmetrical with respect to another seat on the vehicle, only one such seat may be tested. Tests for seats with adjustable head restraints shall be conducted with the head restraints placed in the most unfavorable position (generally, the highest position). The seats shall be secured to the test bench. Seats with head restraints shall be mounted on the seatback. (R17 & R25) 35 Judgment Criteria The deceleration of the headform does not exceed 784m/s2 continuously for more than 3ms. No dangerous edge shall occur during or remain after the test. The deceleration rate shall be taken as the average of the readings on the two decelerometers. Common requirements After the tests, the displacement systems intended for permitting the access of occupants must be in working order. The system must be capable of being unlocked at least once. The displacement of the seat or the part of the seat for which they are intended must be permitted. Other displacement systems, including adjustment systems and the locking mechanism are not required to be in working order. (R17 & R25) 36

216 Test Procedure for Seats and Seat Anchorages (R17) 1. Passenger vehicle (for over 10 persons) 1 General requirements 2 Impact absorption test for rear face of seatback 3 Radii of curvature provision for components 4 Seatback moment test 5 Head restraint moment test 6 Strength test (test of resistance to inertia effects or barrier test) 7 Test for devices intended to protect the occupants against displacement of luggage 2. Bus, truck 1 Installation method, confirmation of secure anchorage (R17) Test Procedure for Head Restraints Test items (R17 & R25) 1 General requirements 2 Head restraint impact absorption test 3 Radii of curvature provisions for components 4 Head restraint moment test 5 Dimension test (R25) 38

217 3 Radii of Curvature Provisions for Components Test setting conditions Common requirements When there are parts covered with material softer than 50 Shore A hardness in the respective areas, the R requirement shall apply only to the rigid parts. The seatbacks, if adjustable, shall be set to the position as close to 25 degrees backward from the vertical line specified by the vehicle manufacturer or the torso line of the manikin. When a seat and its locking mechanism are identical or symmetrical with respect to another seat on the vehicle, only one such seat may be tested. In the case of seats with adjustable head restraints, the tests shall be conducted with the head restraints placed in the most unfavorable position (generally, the highest position). Area 2 Area 3 Area 1 (R17) 39 Test Method Outer side Torso line Outer side Separate Torso line SRP Outer side Torso line Outer side SRP 100 Torso line Bench With HR SRP SRP Without HR (R17) 40

218 3 Radii of Curvature Provision for Components If the areas contain parts covered with material softer than 50 Shore A hardness, the R requirement applies to the rigid parts. Area covered by the R requirements Test setting condition The impact area shall be on the outer side of the vertical planes, on either side of and 70mm from the longitudinal median plane. (R25) 41 Test Method Area covered by R requirements Area 1 Area 2 Area covered by R requirements Area 3 165mm diameter sphere R17 R25 (R17&R25) 42

219 43 44

220 Judgment criteria (R17) Specified value of radii of curvature The surface of the rear parts of seats shall exhibit the following radii of curvature: Area 1: not less than 2.5mm Area 2: not less than 5.0mm (If the radii of curvature is more than 2.5mm and less than 50mm, the requirements are deemed to be met when conforming to the impact absorption test) Area 3: not less than 3.2mm Judgment criteria (R25) It shall exhibit radii of curvature not less than 5mm within an area contacted by a 165mm diameter sphere. (R17) 45 Test Procedure for Seats and Seat Anchorages (R17) 1. Passenger vehicle (for under 10 persons) 1 General requirements 2 Impact absorption test for seatbacks 3 Radii of curvature provision for components 4 Seatback moment test 5 Head restraint moment test 6 Strength test (test of resistance to inertia effects or barrier test) 7 Test of devices intended to protect the occupants against displacement of luggage 2. Bus, truck 1 Installation method, confirmation of secure anchorage (R17) 46

221 Test Method Apply a force producing a moment of 530Nm in relation to the R point longitudinally and rearwards to the upper part of the seatback frame through a component simulating the back of the manikin (back pan). If the supporting frame is common to more than one seating position (bench seat), apply the test load simultaneously for all those seating positions. (R17) 47 4 Seatback Moment Test Load applied by back pan 48

222 4 Seatback Moment Test 530N m Upper cross member R point The back pan may be rotated and loaded around the R point. (R17) 49 4 Seatback Moment Test 1. Passenger vehicle (for under 10 persons) Test setting condition The supporting point of the back pan is adjusted to the R point. Common requirements The seatbacks, if adjustable, shall be set to the position as close to 25 degrees backward from the vertical line specified by the vehicle manufacturer or the torso line of the manikin. When a seat and its locking mechanism are identical or symmetrical with respect to another seat on the vehicle, only one such seat may be tested. In the case of seats with adjustable head restraints, the tests shall be conducted with the head restraints placed in the most unfavorable position (generally, the highest position) (R17) 50

223 Judgment Criteria No failure shall be shown in the seat frame or in the seat anchorage, the adjustment and displacement systems or their locking devices. A test shall be carried out in the case of seats with more places to sit than head restraints, The requirements are deemed to be met when conforming to the head restraint moment test. Common requirements After the tests, the displacement systems intended for permitting the access of occupants must be in working order. The system must be capable of being unlocked at least once. The displacement of the seat or the part of the seat for which they are intended must be permitted. Other displacement systems, including adjustment systems and the locking mechanism are not required to be in working order. (R17) 51 52

224 Test for Seats and Seat Anchorages (R17) 1. Passenger vehicle (for under 10 persons) 1 General requirements 2 Seatback impact absorption test 3 Radii of curvature provisions for components 4 Seatback moment test 5 Head restraint moment test 6 Strength test (test of resistance to inertia effects or barrier test) 7 Test for devices intended to protect the occupants against displacement of luggage 2. Bus, truck 1 Installation method, confirmation of secure anchorage (R17) Test Procedure for Head Restraints (R25) Test items 1 General requirements 2 Head restraint impact absorption test 3 Radii of curvature provisions for components 4 Head restraint moment test 5 Dimension test (R25) 54

225 Test method(r17&25) 1 Apply a force producing a moment of 373Nm in relation to the R point rearwards through a component simulating the back of a manikin (back pan), and determine the displaced torso line. 2 Apply a force producing a moment of 373Nm in relation to the R point by means of a 165mm diameter sphere at right angles to the displaced torso reference line at a distance of 65mm below the top of the head restraint. 3 Determine The tangent Y to the spherical headform, parallel to the corrected torso reference line. 4 Determine The distance X between tangent Y and the displaced reference line. 5 If there is no breakage of seats or seatbacks, increase the force applied to the headform to 890N. (R25) 55 Determination of displaced torso line Determination of force point Apply a force of 373Nm to the back pan. Apply a force of 373Nm to a position at a distance of 65mm below the top of the head restraint. Increase the load to 890Nm. (R25) 56

226 57 4 Head Restraint Moment Test 2.3 Displaced reference line Distance X 3 Tangent Y 1. R point Back pan (R25) 58

227 5 Head Restraint Moment Test 1. Passenger vehicle (for under 10 persons) Common requirements Test setting conditions The supporting point of the back pan is adjusted to the R point. The seatbacks, if adjustable, shall be set to the position as close to 25 degrees backward from the vertical line specified by the vehicle manufacturer or the torso line of the manikin. When a seat and its locking mechanism are identical or symmetrical with respect to another seat on the vehicle, only one such seat may be tested. In the case of seats with adjustable head restraints, the tests shall be conducted with the head restraint placed in the most unfavorable position (generally, the highest position) (R17) 59 Head Restraint Moment Test Test setting conditions The seatbacks, if adjustable, shall be locked in a position as close to 25 degrees backward from the vertical line of the manikin. The measurement line shall be drawn in the vertical median plane of the seat concerned. The projection of the reference line shall be within the plane drawn in the vertical median plane of the seat. Force shall be applied around the R point and a position situated 65mm below the top. (R25) 60

228 61 Judgment Criteria After the 890N load test, no breakage of the seats or seatbacks shall occur. No failure shall be shown in the seat frame or in the seat anchorage, the adjustment and displacement systems or their locking devices. In the case of bench seats with more places to sit than head restraints, a seatback moment test shall be carried out. Common requirements After the tests, the displacement systems intended for permitting the access of occupants must be in working order. The system must be capable of being unlocked at least once. The displacement of the seat or the part of the seat for which they are intended must be permitted. Other displacement systems, including adjustment systems and the locking mechanism are not required to be in working order. (R17) 62

229 Judgment Criteria After the test, the maximum backward displacement of the head permitted by the head restraint shall be less than 102mm. No breakage shall occur when a force of 890N is applied to a position 65mm below the top. The requirement is deemed to be met if the distance X is less than 102mm. (R17 & R25) 63 Test for Seats and Seat Anchorages (R17) 1. Passenger vehicle (for under 10 persons) 1 General requirements 2 Seatback impact absorption test 3 Radii of curvature provisions for components 4 Seatback moment test 5 Head restraint moment test 6 Strength test (test of resistance to inertia effects or barrier test) 7 Test for devices intended to protect the occupants against displacement of luggage 2. Bus, truck 1 Installment method, confirmation of secure anchorage (R17) 64

230 時間 ( 単位 :ms) 1. Passenger vehicle (for under 10 persons) Test method Test of resistance to inertia effects A longitudinal horizontal deceleration of over 196m/s2 shall be applied for 30 ms in the forward and rearward direction to the whole vehicle. This can be substituted by a temporal waveform. 減速度 ( 単位 :g) Barrier collision test The barrier shall consist of a reinforced concrete block not less than 3m width, not less than 1.5m high and not less than 0.6m thick It shall be covered with plywood boards 19±1mm thick. Speed on impact: between 48.3 km/h and 53.1 km/h Misalignment from collision: ±30cm (R17) 65 6 Strength test (test of resistance to inertia effects or barrier test) Body-in-white Direction of center of gravity Accelerate the vehicle in the longitudinal direction using a sled for 30 milliseconds at 196m/s2 or along the corridor. It can also be a collision test using an actual vehicle. (R17) 66

231 Test seat mounted on the vehicle structure 67 68

232 6 Strength test (test of resistance to inertia effects or barrier test) Over 196m/s2 for 20 milliseconds Sled (R17) 69 Common requirements 6 Strength Test (test of resistance to inertia effects or barrier tests) 1. Passenger vehicle (for under 10 persons) Test setting conditions Adjustment position: The test shall be conducted in the below adjustment position or in the most unfavorable position. Longitudinal direction one notch or 10mm rearward of the most forward position - one notch or 10mm forward of the most rearward position The seatbacks, if adjustable, shall be set to the position as close to 25 degrees backward from the vertical line specified by the vehicle manufacturer or the torso line of the manikin. When a seat and its locking mechanism are identical or symmetrical with respect to another seat on the vehicle, only one such seat may be tested. In the case of seats with adjustable head restraints, the tests shall be conducted with the head restraints placed in the most unfavorable position (generally, the highest position). (R17) 70

233 Judgment Criteria No failure shall be shown in the seat frame or in the seat anchorage, the adjustment and displacement systems or their locking devices. Permanent deformations or ruptures may be accepted if they do not increase the risk of injury in the event of collision and the prescribed loads were sustained. Common requirements The locking mechanism must not be unlocked. All seat positions shall meet the requirements. After the tests, the displacement systems intended for permitting the access of occupants must be in working order. The systems must be capable of being unlocked at least once. The displacement of the seat or the part of the seat for which they are intended must be permitted. Other displacement systems, including adjustment systems and the locking mechanism are not required to be in working order. (R17) 71 Test for Seats and Seat Anchorages (R17) 1. Passenger vehicle (for under 10 persons) 1 General requirements 2 Seatback impact absorption test 3 Radii of curvature provisions for components 4 Seatback moment test 5 Head restraint moment test 6 Strength test (test of resistance to inertia effects or barrier test) 7 Test for devices intended to protect the occupants against displacement of luggage 2. Bus, truck 1 Installment method, confirmation of secure anchorage (R17) 72

234 Test Method Acceleration in the waveform in Annex 5 - Appendix is applied from the forward to rearward direction. Speed: 50+0, 2km/h (a) Seatback test Test block: Type 1 Place the test block on the floor on both sides, 200mm rearward from the seatback, at a distance 25mm from the vehicle center. If it passes between the gap between the seats, place if behind the seat. When it cannot be mounted, adjust the seat and place as far as possible from the seatback. If the rearmost row of seats is removable, or can be folded down in vehicles with more than 2 rows of seats, the seat row immediately in front of this rearmost row shall also be tested. If the design is similar to the rearmost row, and the test block can be kept at a distance of 200mm when testing the rearmost row, the test can be omitted. (R17) 73 Position of test block prior to the rear seatback test (R17) 74

235 Test Block 75 (b) Testing of partitioning system Test block: Type 2 Fit the vehicle with a fixed raised test floor that locates the test block between the top edge of the bordering seatback and the bottom edge of the roof lining. Conduct the test simultaneously with the seatback test. Place the test block centrally in relation to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and with the surface mm to the front. Place the test block directly in contact with the partitioning system. Edge of interior roof R point Transverse plane (R17) 76

236 Seat and Seat Anchorage Test 1 Edge of interior roof (The acceleration direction differs according to sled type) R point Transverse plane Occupant protection performance is evaluated from the luggage at the time of collision. The vehicle is accelerated along the corridor using a sled. 減速度 ( 単位 :g) Corridor (R17) 時間 ( 単位 :ms) 77 7 Test for Devices Intended to Protect the Occupants Against Displacement Luggage 1. Passenger vehicle (for under 10 persons) Test setting conditions Longitudinal direction: 1 notch or 10mm forward of most rearward position Independent vertical adjustment (cushion only): cushion in lowest position Seatback: in normal position of use Folding of rear seat - in normal position by locking mechanism The part whose hardness is lower that 50 Shore A can be removed to conduct the test. Common requirements The seatbacks, if adjustable, shall be set to the position as close to 25 degrees backward from the vertical line specified by the vehicle manufacturer or the torso line of the manikin. When a seat and its locking mechanism are identical or symmetrical with respect to another seat on the vehicle, only one such seat may be tested. In the case of seats with adjustable head restraints, the tests shall be conducted with the head restraints placed in the most unfavorable position (generally, the highest position). (R17) 78

237 Judgment Criteria (a) Seatback test The locking mechanism shall not be released during the test. The requirement is deemed to be met if the seatbacks remain in position and the locking mechanisms remain in place during and after the test. The test block shall remain behind the seatback concerned. The front contour parts of the test block that are harder than 50 Shore A should not move forward of the below points: Deformation of head restraint: a point 150mm forward of the R point Deformation of seatback: a point 100mm forward of the R point No sharp or rough edges likely to increase the danger of injuries of the occupants shall be present after the test. (R17) 79 Judgment Criteria (b) Partitioning system test The requirement is deemed to be met if the partitioning system remains in place during the test. The test block shall remain behind the seat concerned. The front contour parts of the test block that are harder than 50 Shore A should not move forward of the below points: Deformation of head restraint: a point 150mm forward of the R point Deformation of seatback: a point 100mm forward of the R point No sharp or rough edges likely to increase the danger of injuries of the occupants shall be present after the test. (R17) 80

238 Test for Seats and Seat Anchorages (R17) 1. Passenger vehicle (for under 10 persons) 1 General requirements 2 Seatback impact absorption test 3 Radii of curvature provisions for components 4 Seatback moment test 5 Head restraint moment test 6 Strength test (test of resistance to inertia effects or barrier test) 7 Test for devices intended to protect the occupants against displacement of luggage 2. Bus, truck 1 Installation method, confirmation of secure anchorage (R17) 81 2.Bus, Truck 1 Installation method, confirmation of positive retention Seats and bench seats must be firmly attached to the vehicle. Slide seats and bench seats must be automatically lockable in all the positions provided. Adjustable seatbacks must be lockable in all the positions provided. All seats which can be tipped forward or have fold-on backs must lock automatically in the normal position. (R17) 82

239 4. Test Procedure for Head Restraints Test items (R17 & R25) 1 General requirements 2 Head restraint impact absorption test 3 Radii of curvature provisions for components 4 Head restraint moment test 5 Dimension test (R17 & R25) 83 5 Dimension Test Test setting conditions The seatbacks shall be set to the position with an inclination close to 25 degrees unless otherwise specified by the vehicle manufacturer. The measurement line shall be drawn in the vertical median plane of the seat concerned. All measurement lines shall be drawn in the center plane of the seat. Determination of R point The seat shall be adjusted to the rearmost driving or riding position specified by the manufacturer, taking into consideration only the longitudinal adjustment. Other adjustment modes shall be adjusted to the position specified by the manufacturer. (R17 & R25) 84

240 Test Method Height 1 Draw the projection of the reference line of the manikin on the seat. 2 Draw the tangent S to the top of the head restraint perpendicular to the reference line. 3 The height is the distance h from the hip point to the tangent. (R17 & R25) 85 Test Method Width 1 Plane S1: 65mm below the tangent S drawn perpendicular to the reference line 2 L: Distance measured between the plane projected on plane S1 The width may be measured 635mm above the reference line on the R point if necessary. (R17 & R25) 86

241 Judgment Criteria Height Without adjusting system Width (Separate type) With adjusting system Over 100mm Front seat D seat, P seat Over 800mm Over 800mm Other seats Over 750mm Over 750mm (R17 & R25) 87 Summary Due to the differences between the conventional Japanese standards, it will be necessary to review the test equipments and manufacture the measurement devices by introducing new tests. 88

242 Overview of Type Approval System under 1958 Agreement Kazuyuki NARUSAWA Automobile Standards and Certification Internationalization Office 12/10/ Test Item Example Automobile Type Approval Tests Collision Test Exhaust Emission Test An actual vehicle is used to confirm effects on the occupant s head, chest and thighs in the event of collision. Tests are conducted under conditions assuming various usage for each type to prevent defective motor vehicles from being marketed. The burden of individual inspection is reduced by precise examinations according to type. Measurement of exhaust emission performance is done by reproducing the actual running condition in urban area, from suburbs to urban centers etc. Prevent occurrence of defects Reduce burden of individual inspection Brake Test Brake performance is measured assuming a slippery surface or a repeated use of brakes. 2 1

243 Main Type Approval Certification in Japan 1. Automobile Type Designation System (TDS) 2. Automobile Type Notification System (TNS) 3. Motor Vehicle Device Type Designation System 4. Type Approval for Mini-sized Vehicles, Safety devices etc. 3 Principal Certification 1/2 Basis Provision Vehicles Intended for Examination Type Designation Road Vehicles Act Majority of motor vehicles, Parts & Devices Type Notification Enforcement Procedure for Motor Vehicles Trucks, buses, large-sized special motor vehicles Contents of Examination Examination of documents Actual vehicle test 4 2

244 Principal Certification 2/2 Quality Management Initial Inspection Type Designation Provisions of manufacturer, examination by government, audit Individual completion inspection by manufacturer Type Notification Provisions of manufacturer Individual inspection by government Limitation of number None 5 Relation between systems Vehicle Certification in Other Counties Japanese Market Parts & Devices Certification 1958 Agreement Certification TDS for Parts & Device TDS for Vehicles TNS Parts/Devices Manufacturer Car Manufacturer Vehicle Certification 6 3

245 Motor Vehicle Device Type Designation The procedure is the same as that for Motor Vehicle Type Designation Basis Provision -Road Vehicles Act Contents of Examination - Examination of documents - Device test Quality Management - Provisions by the manufacturer - Examination by government -Audit 7 Lighting and Light-signalling Types of Device Brakes and Running pneumatic tires, brake system Gear Pollution and Energy exhaust emission control devices Noise Passive Safety Other noise control devices protection of the occupants in the event of lateral collision, external projection of frame and body, luggage racks of external projections, aerials of external projections of frame and body, rear underrun protective devices (RUPD), installation of RUPD and RUPDs, seats, seats and their head restraints, head restraints, seatbelt anchorages, child restraints, door latches and door retention components headlamps, headlamp cleaners, installation of headlamp cleaners, front fog lamps, cornering lamps, clearance lamps, tail lamps, stop lamps, auxiliary stop lamps, frontend outline marker lamps, rear-end outline marker lamps, side marker lamps, rear fog lamps, parking lamps, back-up lamps, direction indicator lamps, front reflex reflectors, side reflex reflectors, rear reflex reflectors, large-sized rear reflex reflectors, warning reflex reflectors, emergency stop indication devices locking device, immobilizer, alarming system of theft-control devices, audible warning devices of horns, horns, rear-view mirror, installation of rear-view mirrors, speedometer, tachograph, speed indication devices 8 4

246 9 Automobile Type Approval Test Department Administrative Group (2) Domestic Vehicle & Device Group (8) Imported Vehicle Group (3) Break & Noise Group (6) Passive Safety Group (7) Exhaust Emission & Fuel Consumption Group (8) Proving Ground (5) (Number of Engineers) 10 5

247 Flow of Vehicle Examination 8 weeks Meeting with applicant Select test items & vehicles, Acceptance Conduct tests Examination of documents Organize contents of examination, Approval Meeting on construction of vehicle and device Rough schedule adjustment =Submitted Document Types= Vehicle structure, brief description of device Specification Table External view of vehicle Drawing of device, etc. Documents certifying compliance with provisions of Safety Regulations, etc. Confirm application documents Select necessary test items, test vehicles and test dates Accept applications Prepare for various tests in advance Conduct tests Create test reports =Number of items of Technical Standard= 101 items (March 31,2005) Occupant protection in frontal/ lateral collision, fuel leakage, steady / acceleration running noise level, tires, brake systems, exhaust emission from heavy-duty / light and medium-duty motor vehicles, headlamps, front fog lamps, installation of lamps Verification of in-house test data Final confirmation of application documents Organize contents of examination Judge conformity to provisions of Safety Regulations, Approval Notify MLIT of test results =Number of days necessary for typical tests= Headlamp test: 0.5~1 day Lateral collision test: 1.5~2 days Brake test: 0.5~5 days Exhaust emission test: 1.5 day ( mode) 11 Effects of Type Approval Tests When a defect which may occur after sales is found upon examination, instructions and confirmations for improvement are given to prevent defects from occurring. Cause of defects Defects resulting from design / manufacturing method Brakes lacks performance Wrong Installation of Lights Number of defects reported Number of defects reported * 31 cases 41 equipments *performance from April 2005 to March 2006; an equipment alone is not included in the number Defects resulting from manufacture of test vehicle Contact of brake piping Faulty wiring of lamp and switch Quality control problem occurring in a mass production process 12 6

248 Motor Vehicle Device Certificatiion (for R14,R16,R17,R25) 13 Flow-01 Flow of Application / Certification Manufacturer / Importer Application form MLIT Type Approval Certification Presentation of samples Technical parts of application form Test report NTSEL 14 7

249 Flow of Application / Certification Manufacturer / Importer 1. Application Letter to be submitted to MLIT 2. Application data based on sec 3. to be submitted to NTSEL 3. Document related to COP based on sec 7. to be submitted to MLIT 15 Examples of Application Data Submitted to MLIT and NTSEL (R14) drawings of the general vehicle structure on an appropriate scale, showing the positions of the belt anchorages, of the effective belt anchorages (where appropriate), a specification of the materials used which may affect the strength of the belt anchorages, a technical description of the belt anchorages, [The following shall be submitted to NTSEL only] At the option of the manufacturer, a vehicle representative of the vehicle type to be approved or the parts of the vehicle considered essential for the belt anchorages test by the technical service conducting approval tests. 16 8

250 Examples of Application Data Submitted to MLIT and NTSEL (R16) [Vehicle type] Drawings of the general vehicle structure on an appropriate scale, showing the positions of the safety-belts, and detailed drawings of the safety-belts and of the points to which they are attached; A specification of the materials used which may affect the strength of the safety-belts; A technical description of the safety-belts; In the case of safety-belts affixed to the seat structure; Copying and distribution prohibited. Detailed description of the vehicle type with regard to the design of the seats, of the seat anchorages and their adjustment and locking systems; 17 Drawings, on an appropriate scale and in sufficient detail, of the seats, of their anchorages to the vehicle, and of their adjustment and locking systems; [The following shall be submitted to NTSEL only] At the opinion of the manufacturer, a vehicle representative of the vehicle type to be approved or the parts of the vehicle considered essential for the safetybelt tests by the technical service conducting approval tests. [Safety-belt type] A technical description of the belt type, specifying the straps and rigid parts used and accompanied by drawings of the parts making up the belt. Six samples of the belt type, one of which is for reference purposes; A ten-metre length of each type of strap used in the type of belt; 18 9

251 Examples of Application Data Submitted to MLIT and NTSEL (R17) a detailed description of the vehicle type with regard to the design of the seats, their anchorages, and their adjustment, displacement and locking systems; A detailed description and/or drawings of the partitioning system, if applicable. drawings, on an appropriate scale and in sufficient detail, of the seats, their anchorages on the vehicle, and their adjustment, displacement and locking systems. a detailed description of the head restraint, specifying in particular the nature of the padding material or materials; a detailed description of the location, the type of support and the attachments for mounting the head restraint on the seat. 19 [The following shall be submitted to NTSEL only] a vehicle representative of the vehicle type to be approved or the parts of the vehicle which the technical service deems necessary for approval tests; an additional set of the seats with which the vehicle is equipped, with their anchorages. an additional set of seats, fitted with head restraints, with which the vehicle is equipped, together with their anchorages

252 Examples of Application Data Submitted to MLIT and NTSEL (R25) [Examples of a "removable" head restraint] a detailed description of the head restraint, specifying in particular the nature of the padding material or materials and, where applicable, the position and specifications of the braces and anchorage pieces for the type or types of seats for which approval of the head restraint is sought; a detailed description of the type or types of seats for which approval of the head restraint is sought, particulars identifying the type or types of vehicle on which the seats referred to in above paragraph are intended to be fitted; 21 [The following shall be submitted to NTSEL only] two seats of each of the types to which the head restraint is to be fitted; 4 + 2N head restraints, N being the number of types of seat to which the head restraint is to be fitted

253 Flow of Application / Certification NTSEL 1. Tests 2. Test reports to be sent to applicant and MLIT 23 Example of Test Report (R17) 24 12

254

255 27 Flow of Application / Certification M L I T 1. Approval Number to be prepared 2. Type Approval Certificate to be sent to applicant 3. Notice of Approval to be communicated to the other parties which apply R14, R16, R17 and R

256 Example of Certificate (R17)

257 Technical Service-01 Designated Administrative Department and Designated Technical Service Indicated in the document of TRANS/WP.29/343/Rev.13 JAPAN 31 Technical Service-02 Official contact in JAPAN(E43) 43/A Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport ( MLIT ) 2-1-3, Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo , Japan Tel: Fax:

258 Technical Service-03 Official contact in JAPAN(E43) 43/B Automobile Type Approval Test Division ( NTSEL ) , Jindaiji-higashi-machi, Chofu-shi, Tokyo , Japan Tel: Fax:

259 6th Asia Expert Meeting on Vehicle Passive Safety (R14, R16, R17, and R25) Thailand October 11-13, 2006 Opening Address: Mr. Yanpirat Key Note Speech : Mr. Akiba Conference Room-1

260 Presentation : Mr. Asada (R14) Presentation : Mr. Miyake (R14) Presentation : Mr. Nojiri (R16)

261 Japanese Attendance concerning R16 Presentation Conference Room-2

262 Conference Room-3 Conference Room-4 Q&A Exchange Information on Seatbelt Regulations among Asian Countries

263 Presentation : Mr. Asada (R17) Presentation : Mr. Miyake (R17) Presentation : Mr. Narusawa (Approval System) Presentation : Mr. Narusawa & Mr. Akiba (Approval System)

264 Closing Address : Mr. Prasert Anniversary Gift : Mr. Akiba Anniversary Gift : Mr. Narusawa Anniversary Gift : Mr. Miyake Anniversary Gift : Mr. Asada Anniversary Gift : Mr. Nojiri