27 th Asia Expert Meeting on 2-3 wheels tires (R75) and Audible Warning Devices (R28)

Transcription

1 27 th Asia Expert Meeting on 2-3 wheels tires (R75) and Audible Warning Devices (R28) Date: July 22, 2011 (THU) 13:00-17:10 Place: the Land Transportation Office, Bulwagan Edu Hall East Avenue, Quezon City 13:00-13:30 Registration 13:30-13:40 Opening address: from LTO 13:40-13:50 Message: from JASIC Nanbu 13:50-14:20 Report: from MDPPA 14:20-15:30 R75 General Information, Technical Requirements & Testing : from Mr. Makino Q & A & Discussion 15:30-15:50 Coffee Break (20 minutes) 15:50-17:00 R28 General Information, Technical Requirements & Testing : from Mr. Shirahashi Q & A & Discussion 17:00-17:10 Closing address: from LTO

2 Introduction of UN / ECE R75 Introduction of UN / ECE Regulations for Tyres (R75 for Motorcycle tyres) 22 nd July 2011 Brakes and Running Gear Subcommittee JAPAN AUTOMOBILE STANDARDS INTERNATIONALIZATION CENTER

3 WP29 Organization U N / General Assembly ECOSOC Economic and Social Council ECE Economic Commission for Europe ESCAP E. C. for Asia & the Pacific ITC Inland Transport Committee WP29 World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations AC1,AC2 AC3,AC4 GRB GRE GRPE GRRF GRSG GRSP (Brakes and Running Gear)

4 Tyre Regulations in UN/ECE Regulations Reg. No. 30: Tyres for Motor Vehicles and their Trailers (Passenger car tyres) Reg. No. 54: Tyres for Commercial Vehicles and their Trailers (Commercial vehicles Light truck and Truck and Bus - tyres) Reg. No. 75: Tyres for Motor Cycles and Mopeds (Motor cycle tyres) Others; Reg. No. 64: The Approval of Vehicles equipped with Temporary-use Spare Wheels / Tyres Reg. No. 106: Tyres for Agricultural vehicles and their Trailers Reg. No. 108: Retreaded Pneumatic tyres for Motor Vehicles and their Trailers Reg. No. 109: Retreaded Pneumatic tyres for Commercial Vehicles and their Trailers Reg. No. 117: Tyre Rolling Sound Emission & Adhesion on wet surface

5 Introduction of UN / ECE R75 Regulation No. 75 Revision 2 Issued 7 September 2010

6 Introduction of UN / ECE R75 1. SCOPE 2. Definitions 3. Markings Sidewall markings Approval marking 4. Application for Approval 5. Approval 6. Requirements Dimensions Load / Speed performance test Dynamic growth of tyres 7. Modification of the type of pneumatic tyre and extension of approval 8. Conformity of Production 9. Penalties for Non-conformity of Production 10. Production definitively discontinued 11. Names and Addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests and of administrative departments

7 ECE Reg. No. 75: Scope and Definitions 1. SCOPE New pneumatic tyres for vehicles of category L 1, L 2, L 3, L 4 and L 5. It does not apply to tyre types designed exclusively for the off-road use, which are marked NHS (Not for Highway Service) and to tyre types designed exclusively for competitions. 2. Definitions The word which is used in this regulation is explained.

8 ECE Reg. No. 75: Tyre Sidewall Markings Layout Example: 4 mm min. 100/80 D 18 53S TUBELESS M+S Location: At least one sidewall 4 mm min. 1 Trade name or mark: Bridgestone 2 Tyre size designation 3 Structure: diagonal (bias-ply) D or no marking, radial R and the word RADIAL can be added. 4 Load capacity index 5 Speed category 6 The word Tubeless, if applicable 7 The word Reinforced, if applicable 8 The date of manufacture (ex : week + year) 9 The inscription M+S or M.S or M&S, if applicable 10 The inscription MST in the case of multiservice tyres. 11 The inscription MOPED in the case of moped tyres

9 ECE Reg. No. 75: Approval Marking Arrangement of Approval Marking a E 4 75R a/3 a/2 a = 9 mm min. E4: Assigned contracting party number (E4 is Netherlands) 00: Series of amendments 12345: approval number

10 ECE Reg. No. 75: Application for approval Compliance test by Technical Service Test Report Application for approval (Application forms + Test report) Issuance of Certificate

11 ECE Reg. No. 75: Tyre Dimensions Annex 6 Annex 6: Method of Measuring Pneumatic Tyres 1. The tyre is mounted on the measuring rim specified by the manufacturer and is inflated to a pressure specified by the manufacturer. 2. The tyre fitted on its rim is conditioned to the ambient temperature of the laboratory for at least 24hours. 3. Readjust the pressure specified in paragraph Overall width is measured by caliper at six equally-spaced points. 5. Outer diameter is determined by measuring the maximum circumference and dividing the figure obtained by PAI (3.1416). Tyre version Speed category Pressure bar kpa Standard F, G, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R,S T, U, H, V, W Reinforced F to P Q, R, S, T, U, H, V Motorcycle Derivatives 1 4PR PR F to M PR Moped Standard Reinforce d B B

12 ECE Reg. No. 75: Load / Speed Performance Test (1) - Annex 7 1. Preparation 1) Mount a new tyre on the test rim specified by the manufacturer 2) Inflate the tyre to the appropriate pressure 3) Condition the tyre / wheel assembly at test room temperature (not less than three (3) hours) 4) Readjust the tyre pressure to that specified 2) above 2. Test procedure 1) Test drum: wheel 1.70 m +/- 1% or 2.0 m +/- 1% in diameter 2) Load 65% of the table 1 3) Test temperature: 20C deg to 30C deg ( or higher temp. if agreed) 3. Evaluation Table 1: Test Load Up to H: Equal to Load Index V: 85% of LI W: 75% of LI 1) A tyre which after the test does not exhibit any tread separation, ply separation, cord separation, chunking or broken cords shall be deemed to have passed the test. 2) The outer diameter of the tyre, measured six hours after the test, must not differ by more than +/- 3.5% from the outer diameter as measured before the test. 3) The overall width of the tyre measured at the end of the test Not exceed the value below. Rim dia. Code 13 and above: +10%, Rim dia. Code up to 12 inclusive: +8%

13 ECE Reg. No. 75: Load / Speed Performance Test (2) Tyre inflation pressure for Load / Speed Performance Tests: Testing inflation pressure (bars) Tyre size Speed Category Inflation pressure bar kpa F, G, J, K Standard L, M, N, P Q, R, S T, U, H, V Reinforced F, G, J, K, L, M, N, P Q, R, S, T, U, H, V PR Motor cycle Derivatives 1 6PR F, G, J, K, L, M PR Moped Standard B Reinforced B From the date of entry into force of Supplement 8 to this Regulation no new approvals for these tyres should be issued pursuant to Regulation No. 75. These tyre sizes are now included in Regulation No. 54.

14 ECE Reg. No. 75: Load / Speed Performance Test (3) Test conditions: Initial test speed: Max. speed for the type of tyre, less 40 km/h for 1.7 m drum Max. speed for the type of tyre, less 30 km/h for 2.0 m drum Speed 0 to initial test speed: 20 minutes Initial test speed: 10 minutes Initial test speed + 10 km/h: 10 minutes Initial test speed + 20 km/h: 10 minutes Initial test speed + 30 km/h: 10 minutes

15 ECE Reg. No. 75: Load / Speed Performance Test (4) Example: Speed index H Max. speed 180km/h Passed ITS+30 (170km/h) ITS+20 (160km/h) ITS+10 (150km/h) ITS ITS = (140km/h) with 1.7m drum Test Load = equal to LI 65% SS 40km/h (min)

16 ECE Reg. No. 75: Load / Speed Performance Test (5) The Second Test for tyres suitable for maximum speed in excess of 240 km/h Initial test speed: Max. speed for the type of tyre, less 40 km/h for 1.7 m drum Max. speed for the type of tyre, less 30 km/h for 2.0 m drum Speed 0 to initial test speed: 20 minutes Initial test speed: 20 minutes Initial test speed to max. test speed: 10 minutes Max. test speed: 5 minutes

17 ECE Reg. No. 75 Load / Speed Performance Test (6) 130/70ZR16M/C (61W) F:Max. test speed 300km/h Speed (W) 290km/h 280km/h Drum dia. 1.7 m Passed Second tyre Passed First tyre W-10km/h W-20km/h W-30km/h W-40km/h 270km/h 260km/h 250km/h 240km/h 230km/h (min.)

18 ECE Reg. No. 75 Dynamic growth of tyres (1) 1. Scope and range of application Applicable for normal highway service tyres To determine the maximum tyre growth under the influence of centrifugal forces at the admissible maximum speed. 2. Test Procedures 1) Test drum: 1.7m or 2.0m dia. 2) Test room temperature: Between 20 deg. C to 30 deg. C or a higher temperature if tyre manufacturer agrees. 3) A tyre to be tested shall be fitted to a wheel having a rim conforming to the applicable standard. 4) The tyre inflation pressure shall be adjusted to the values shown table below. Speed category Tyre construction Testing pressure bar kpa P/Q/R/S standard 2,5 250 T and above standard 2, ) The tyre / wheel assembly shall be stored at the test room temperature for at least three hours. 6) The inflation pressure shall be readjusted to the value indicated the table above. 7) Mount the assembly on the test axle. 8) Accelerate the assembly to reach within five minutes the maximum speed capability of the tyre. 9) Position the contour outline device and ascertain that it is perpendicular to the rotation of the test tyre tread. 10) Check that the peripheral speed of the tread surface is within +/- 2% of the maximum speed capability for the tyre. 11) Maintain the equipment at constant speed for at least five minutes. 12) Portray the tyre cross-section in the area of maximum deformation, or check that the tyre does not exceed the enveloping curve.

19 ECE Reg. No. 75 Dynamic growth of tyres (2) 3. Evaluation The limit values shown below. Speed Category Category of Use: Normal H dyn (mm) Category of Use: Snow and special P/Q/R/S H x 1,10 H x 1,15 T/U/H H x 1,13 H x 1,18 Over 210 km/h H x 1,16 -

20 ECE Reg. No. 75: Modification of the type of pneumatic tyre and extension of approval Example of Extension Application and Approval

21 ECE Reg. No. 75: Conformity of Production Conformity of Production Verification by the authority which has granted type approval; At least once every two (2) years 8. Conformity of production The conformity of production procedures shall comply with those set out in the Agreement, Appendix 2 (E/ECE/324-E/ECE/TRANS/505/Rev.2), with the following requirements: 8.1. Tyres approved under this Regulation shall be so manufactured as to conform to the type approved, by meeting the requirements set forth in paragraph 6. above The authority which has granted type approval may at any time verify the conformity control methods applied in each production facility. For each production facility the normal frequency of these verifications shall be once every two years.

22 ECE Reg. No. 75: Conformity of Production (1)

23 ECE Reg. No. 75: Conformity of Production (2)

24 ECE Reg. No. 75: Penalty for Non-Conformity of Production 9. Penalties for non-conformity of production 9.1.The approval granted in respect of a type of pneumatic tyre pursuant to this Regulation may be withdrawn if the requirements laid down in paragraph 8.1. above are not complied with or if the tyres taken from the series have failed to pass the tests prescribed in that paragraph. 9.2.If a Party to the Agreement applying this Regulation withdraws an approval it has previously granted, it shall forthwith so notify the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in annex 1 to this Regulation.

25 ECE Reg. No. 75: Technical Services and administrative departments Regulation No. 75 Uniform provisions concerning the approval of pneumatic tyres for motor cycles and mopeds Date of entry into force of: Original version: Latest (XX) series of amendments: ECE symbol Contracting Parties Date of application Designated Administrative Department(s) Designated Technical Service(s) E 1 Germany /A 1/G; 1/H; 1/J; 1/K; 1/L; 1/S; 1/AD E 2 France /A 2/E E 3 Italy /A 3/B (a) to (m) E 4 Netherlands /A 4/A; 4/G; 4/H; 4/I; 4/M; 4/N; 4/P; 4/Q; 4/V; 4/W; 4/U E 5 Sweden /A E 6 Belgium /A 6/D E 7 Hungary /A 7/G; 7/J E 8 Czech Republic /A 8/E E 9 Spain /A 9/C E 10 Serbia /A 10/A; 10/F E 11 United Kingdom /A 11/A; 11/E; 11/F; 11/H; 11/L; 11/M; 11/N E 12 Austria E 13 Luxembourg /A 13/B (a), (b), (e), (d) E 14 Switzerland E 16 Norway /A 16/E E 17 Finland /A 17/E; 17/U; 17/V E 18 Denmark /A E 19 Romania /A 19/B; 19/G; 19/K E 20 Poland /A 20/E E 21 Portugal E 22 Russian Federation /A 22/D E 23 Greece E 24 Ireland /A 24/B; 24/C; 24/D; 24/E; 24/F; 24/G E 25 Croatia /A E 26 Slovenia /A 26/A E 27 Slovakia /A 1 By virtue of accession to the Agreement by the European Union. 2 Approvals are granted by its Member States using their respective ECE symbol. 3 By virtue of accession to the European Union on 1 May By virtue of accession to the European Union on 1 January E 28 Belarus E 29 Estonia /A E 31 Bosnia and Herzegovina E 32 Latvia /A

26 Thank you for your attention

27 APPENDIX Drum test machine Laser profile measuring machine Machine layout (example)

28 APPENDIX Practical tips 1. Test load for MC tyre is smaller than PC/LT/TB therefore accuracy of load cell is important. To set up Drum test machine for only MC tyre is the best. If needed to use same drum test machine for MC and PC tyres, the range of test load should be limited to use. 2. Test room temperature have to be controlled precisely. Set up of Air conditioner in test room (especially when drum test machine is working) is very important.

29 APPENDIX UNECE Home Page

30 ECE R28 Audible W arning Devices (AWD) Y. Shirahashi N oise-sub committee JASI C

31 Overview of presentation The United Nation s Organization Certification Process Contents of R28 Flat horn Trumpet horn

32 The United Nation s s Organization ECE noise regulations are taken care by the group of UN/WP29/GRB. UN ECE Inland TRANS Committee WP29 World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations GRB GRE GRPE GRRF GRSG GRSP GRB Noise Light Prolusion& Energy Brake & Running Gear General Safety Passive Safety

33 GRB : Wor king Par ty on Noise Object ECE regulations of GRB ECE R 9 Noise (Three-Wheeled Vehicles) ECE R 28 Audible Warning Devices ECE R 41 Noise (Motor Cycle) ECE R 51 Noise (Motor Vehicles having at least four wheels) ECE R 59 Replacement Silencing System ECE R 63 Noise (Moped) ECE R 92 Replacement Silencing System (Motor Cycle) ECE R117 Tyres with regard to rolling sound emissions

34 Certification Process Approval Authority & Technical Service are defined in ECE/TRANS/WP.29/10 "Approval Authority" means the authority of a Contracting Party with competence for all aspects of the approval of wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts, for issuing and, if appropriate, withdrawing approval certificates, for acting as the contact point for the Approval Authorities of other Contracting Parties, for designating the Technical Services and for ensuring that the manufacturer meets the obligations regarding the conformity of production. "Technical Service" means an organization or body designated by the Approval Authority of a Contracting Party as a testing laboratory to carry out tests, or as a conformity assessment body to carry out the initial assessment and other tests or inspections on behalf of the Approval Authority, it being possible for the Approval Authority itself to carry out those functions.

35 R28 Cer tification Pr ocess for a Device Approval Approval Administrative Department Certificate *Application *Technical sheet Job Assignment Test report Initial assessment Type approval test Technical service Test Sample Test results Export Parts Manufacturer Vehicle Manufacturer Test record Marking COP

36 R28 Cer tification Pr ocess for a Vehicle Approval Administrative Department Job Assignment Test report Technical service Approval Certificate *Application *Technical sheet Export Parts Manufacturer Approval Vehicle Manufacturer Test record Marking Certificate

37 Contents of R28 1. Scope ⅠAUDIBLE WARNING DEVICES 2. Definitions 3. Application for approval 4. Markings 5. Approval 6. Specifications 7. Modification and extension of approval of a vehicle type 8. Conformity of Production 9. Penalties for non-conformity of production 10. Production discontinued ⅡAUDIBLE SIGNALS 11. Definitions 12. Application for approval 13. Approval 14. Specifications 15. Modification and extension of approval of a vehicle type 16. Conformity of Production 17. Penalties for non-conformity of production 18. Names and addresses of technical services responsible for conducting approval tests, and of administrative departments ANNEXES Annex 1 - Communication concerning the approval (or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval or production definitely discontinued) of a type of audible warning device for motor vehicles pursuant to Regulation No.28 Annex 2 Communication concerning the approval (or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval or production definitely discontinued ) of a vehicle with regard to its audible signals pursuant to Regulation No.28 Annex 3 - ⅠArrangements of the approval mark of the audible warning device ⅡArrangements of the approval mark of a vehicle with regards to its audible signals

38 Contents of R28 (AUDIBLE WARNING DEVICES) 1. Scope ⅠAUDIBLE WARNING DEVICES 2. Definitions 3. Application for approval 4. Markings 5. Approval 6. Specifications 7. Modification and extension of approval of a vehicle type 8. Conformity of Production 9. Penalties for non-conformity of production 10. Production discontinued ANNEXES Annex 1 - Communication concerning the approval (or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval or production definitely discontinued) of a type of audible warning device for motor vehicles pursuant to Regulation No.28 Annex 3 - ⅠArrangements of the approval mark of the audible warning device

39 1. Scope Categories L3, L4, L5, M, and N, excluding mopeds (L1 and L2) These are defined in the Consolidated Resolution (R.E.3) (ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.1) Category Description Example L M N Motor vehicles with less than 4 wheels Power-driven vehicles having at least 4 wheels and used for the carriage of passebers Power-driven vehicles having at least 4 wheels and used for the carriage of goods

40 2. Definition Audible warning devices (AWD) of different "types shall be understood to mean devices essentially different from one another with respect to such matters as: 2.1. trade name or mark; 2.2. principles of operation; 2.3. type of electrical supply (direct or alternating current); 2.4. outer shape of case; 2.5. shape and dimensions of diaphragm(s); 2.6. shape or kind of sound outlet(s); 2.7. rated sound frequency or frequencies; 2.8. rated supply voltage; 2.9. for devices supplied directly from an external compressed air source, rated operating pressure The AWD is principally intended for: Motor cycles of a power less than or equal to 7 kw Class I Vehicles of categories M and N and motor cycles of a power greater than 7 kw Class II

41 3. Appication for approval 3.1. The application for approval of a type of audible warning device shall be submitted by the holder of the trade name or mark or by his duly accredited representative It shall be accompanied by the following documents, in triplicate, giving the following particulars: a description of the type of audible warning device, paying particular attention to the points mentioned in paragraph 2; a drawing showing, inter alia, the warning device in cross section; a list of the components used in manufacture, duly identified, with an indication of the materials used; detailed drawings of all the components used in manufacture. The drawings shall show the place provided for the approval number in relation to the circle of the approval mark In addition, the application for approval shall be accompanied by two samples of the type of warning device.

42 5. Approval 5.1. If the samples submitted for approval conform to the provisions of paragraphs 6. and 7. below, approval for this type of warning device shall be granted An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. The same Contracting Party may not assign this number to another type of audible warning device Notice of approval or refusal or extension or withdrawal of approval or production definitely discontinued of a type of warning device pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a form conforming to the model in annex1 to the Regulation Annex 1

43 Comunication concerning the approval of a type of AWD (Annex1) (or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval or production definitely dicontinued) Approval No... Extension No Trade name or mark 2. Type (electro-pneumatic, electro-magnetic with resonator disc, electro-magnetic horn, etc.) indicating whether it is a single-tone or multiple-tone warning device 3. Manufacturer's name and address 4. If applicable, name and address of manufacturer's representative 5. Brief description of warning device 6. Supply voltage(s)... volts*/ 7. Rated operating pressure(s) kg/cm2 8. Rated frequency (or frequencies). Hz*/ 9. Geometrical characteristics (internal length and diameter) of connecting line between compressor or control and the audible warning device 10. Submitted for approval on Technical service responsible for approval tests 12. Date of report issued by that service 13. Number of report issued by that service 14. Approval granted/refused*/ 15. Place Date 17. Signature The following documents bearing the approval number shown above are annexed to this communication:...drawings, diagrams, and plans of the warning device;...photographs

44 5. Approval (continued) 5.5. On every audible warning device which conforms to a type approved under this Regulation, there shall be affixed conspicuously, in an easily accessible place indicated on the approval form, an international approval mark comprising: a circle containing the letter " E" followed by the distinguishing number of the country granting approval; 1/ an approval number an additional symbol in the form of a figure in Roman numerals, showing the class to which the AWD belongs The approval mark and the additional symbol must be clearly legible and indelible. See Annex 3

45 Appr oval Mar k (Annex 3) Class I 00 version The above approval mark affixed to a audible warning device shows that this AWD of Class I has been approved in the Netherlands (E 4) under approval number The first two digits of the approval number indicate that the approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation No. 28 in its original form. Note The approval number must be placed close to the circle and must be in a position either above or below the letter E or to left or right of that letter. The digits of the approval number must be on the same side of the letter E and face in the same direction.

46 4. Marking The samples of the audible warning devices submitted for approval shall bear the manufacturer's trade name or mark; this mark must be clearly legible and indelible.

47 Distinguishing number 1 for Germany, 2 for France, 3 for Italy, 4 for the Netherlands, 5 for Sweden, 6 for Belgium, 7 for Hungary, 8 for the Czech Republic, 9 for Spain, 10 for Yugoslavia, 11 for the United Kingdom, 12 for Austria, 13 for Luxembourg, 14 for Switzerland, 15 (vacant), 16 for Norway, 17 for Finland, 18 for Denmark, 19 for Romania, 20 for Poland, 21 for Portugal, 22 for the Russian Federation, 23 for Greece, 24 for Ireland, 25 for Croatia, 26 for Slovenia, 27 for Slovakia, 28 for Belarus, 29 for Estonia, 30 (vacant), 31 for Bosnia and Herzegovina, 32 for Latvia, 33 (vacant), 34 for Bulgaria, (vacant), 37 for Turkey, (vacant), 40 for The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 41 (vacant), 42 for the European Community (Approvals are granted by its Member States using their respective ECE symbol), 43 for Japan, 44 (vacant), 45 for Australia, 46 for Ukraine and 47 for South Africa. Subsequent numbers shall be assigned to other countries in the chronological order in which they ratify or accede to the Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and/or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these Prescriptions, and the numbers thus assigned shall be communicated by the Secretary-General of the United Nations to the Contracting Parties to the Agreement.

48 *ECE R28 adopted in contr acting par ty (ECE/TRANS/WP.29/343/Rev.18) ECE R28 is adopted by 41 countries in 58 agreement contracting parties

49 *ECE R28 adopted in contr acting par ty (ECE/TRANS/WP.29/343/Rev.18) ECE R28 is adopted by 41 countries in 58 agreement contracting parties

50 6. Specifications Summary of requirements Category SPL [db(a)] Microphone Location Endurance Test AUDIBLE WARNING DEVICES (Devices) Class I Class II Motor Cycle ( 7kW) M and N, MC (>7kW) db(a) db(a) Height: 1.2m Distance: 2m 1s ON & 4s OFF 10,000 times 1s ON & 4s OFF 50,000 times AUDIBLE SIGNALS (Vehicles) Class I Class II Motor Cycle ( 7kW) M, N, and MC (>7kW) db(a) db(a) Height: 0.5m-1.5m Distance: 7m -

51 6-2. Measur ement of the sound char acter istics Site Preferably in an anechoic environment. Alternatively in a semi-anechoic chamber or in an open space. Compliance with the spherical divergence to a limit of 1 db within a hemisphere of not less than 5 m radius Ambient temperarure: 20± 5 Shall be mounted rigidly, on a support whose mass is at least ten times that of the warning device under test and not less than 30 kg. Time constant "F". Frequency weighting "A 2m ± 0.01m 1.15 ~ 1.25m

52 6-2. Measur ement of the sound char acter istics Supply Voltage in the case of AWDs supplied with direct current, at a voltage measured at the terminal of the electric power source of 13/12 of the rated voltage. ( ) shall not be more than 0,1 volt, peak to peak. (6.2.4) 13V± 0.1V Sound Analysis The spectrum of the sound emitted shall be measured according to the Fourier transform of the acoustic signal. Alternatively, one-third octave filters Sound Requirements A weighted over-all sound level shall not exceed 115 db(a) for Class I or 118 db(a) for Class II. (6.2.7) The sound-pressure level in the frequency band 1,800 to 3,550 Hz shall be equal to or greater than 95 db(a) for Class I or 105 db(a) for Class II. The sound-pressure level in the frequency band 1,800 to 3,550 Hz shall be greater than that of any component of a frequency above 3,550 Hz. The time lapse between the moment when the device is actuated and the moment when the sound reaches the minimum value prescribed in paragraph above shall not exceed 0.2 second. (6.2.9)

53 6-2. Measur ement of the sound char acter istics Second requirement for sound Class I db(a) [P.OV: Sum of sound pressures from 1800 to 3550Hz] Class II db(a) [P.OV: Sum of sound pressures from 1800 to 3550Hz]

54 6-2. Measur ement of the sound char acter istics Third requirement for sound For both Class I and II, the sum of sound pressures from 1800 to 3550Hz shall be greater than that above 3550Hz.

55 6-2. Measur ement of the sound char acter istics Fourth requirement for sound For both Class I and II, the time required for reaching the minimum sound pressure (Class I 95dB(A), Class II 105dB(A)) shall be 0.2s or less.

56 6-2. Measur ement of the sound char acter istics In the case of multiple-tone devices in which each sound-emitting unit is capable of functioning independently, the minimum values specified above shall be obtained when each of the constituent units is operated separately. The maximum value of the over-all sound level shall not be exceeded when all the constituent units are operated simultaneously.

57 6-3. Endurance test Supply Voltage The supply voltage varying between 115% and 95% of its rated voltage for AWDs supplied with direct current. (6.2.8) Ambient Temperature: 15~30. During the test, the AWD shall be ventilated by an air current having a speed of approximately 10 m/sec Test Cycle Each time for one second followed by an interval of four seconds 10,000 times for Class I, 50,000 times for Class II If, after the AWD has been operated for half the number of times prescribed, the sound level characteristics are no longer the same as before the test, the AWD may be adjusted. Sound Requirements After the endurance test, the sound requirements same as the initial characteristics shall be satisfied.

58 Contents of R28 (AUDIBLE SIGNALS) ⅡAUDIBLE SIGNALS 11. Definitions 12. Application for approval 13. Approval 14. Specifications 15. Modification and extension of approval of a vehicle type 16. Conformity of Production 17. Penalties for non-conformity of production 18. Names and addresses of technical services responsible for conducting approval tests, and of administrative departments ANNEXES Annex 2 Communication concerning the approval (or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval or production definitely discontinued ) of a vehicle with regard to its audible signals pursuant to Regulation No.28

59 11. Definition "Vehicle type" shall be understood to mean vehicles not essentially different from one another with respect to such matters as: the number and type(s) of warning devices fitted on the vehicle; the mountings used to fit the warning devices to the vehicle; the position of the warning devices on the vehicle; the rigidity of the parts of the structure on which the warning device(s) is (are) mounted; the shape and materials of the bodywork at the front of the vehicle which might affect the level of the sound emitted by the warning device(s) and have a masking effect

60 12. Appication for approval The application for approval of a vehicle type with regard to its audible signals shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or by his duly accredited representative It shall be accompanied by the following documents, in triplicate, giving the following particulars: a description of the vehicle type with regard to the items mentioned in paragraph above; a list of the components required to identify the warning device(s) that may be mounted on the vehicle; drawings indicating the position on the vehicle of the warning device(s) and of its (their) mountings A vehicle representative of the vehicle type to be approved shall be submitted to the technical service responsible for the approval tests.

61 13. Approval (same as 5. Approval) Comunication concerning the approval of a vehicle type (Annex2) (or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval or production definitely dicontinued) Approval No... Extension No Trade name or mark of vehicle 2. Vehicle Type 3. Manufacturer's name and address 4. If applicable, name and address of manufacturer's representative 5. Type(s) of warning device(s) 6. Sound level values 7. Vehicle submitted for approval on 8. Technical service responsible for approval tests 9. Date of report issued by that service 10. Number of report issued by that service 11. Approval granted/refused*/ 12. Place Date 14. Signature The following documents bearing the approval number shown above are annexed to this communication:...drawings of the mountings of the warning device(s)...drawings and diagrams giving the mounting positions and characteristics of the parts of the structure on which the devices are fitted,... over-all views of the front of the vehicle and of the compartment in which the device is situated and description of the component materials.

62 14. Specification Measurement place: Outdoor space or semi-anechoic chamber Background noise: Lower than the measured sound pressure by 10 db(a) Measurement voltage: 13 V ± 0.1V Sound requirements: Class I db(a) Class II db(a) The audible warning device(s) (or system) fitted on the vehicle shall be of a type approved under this Regulation; Audible warning devices of Class II approved under this Regulation in its original form, and therefore not bearing the symbol II in their approval mark, may continue to be fitted to vehicle types submitted for approval pursuant to this Regulation. Time constant "F". Frequency weighting "A

63 8., 16. COP : CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION Basic Concept of COP 8.1. AWD (Vehicle) approved to this Regulation shall be so manufactured as to conform to the type approved by meeting the requirements set forth in paragraph 6 and 14 above.

64 Thank you very much for your attention

65 Minutes of 27th Asia Expert Meeting in Philippines 1. Date: Wednesday, 22 July 2011, 13:00-17:00 2. Place: Bulwagan Edu Hall Land Transportation Office, Manila 3. Organizers: Department of Transport and Communications (DOTC) and Land Transportation Office (LTO) Attendees from Philippines: A total of about 45 representatives of the government agencies, industry, and related fields participated in the meeting, including DOTC, LTO, Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology Research and Development (PCIEERD), Motorcycle Development Program Participants Association (MDPPA), Chamber of Automotive Manufacturers of the Philippines (CAMPI), Suzuki, Honda, Kawasaki, Yamaha, Toyota, Nissan, Ford, etc. 4. Attendees from JASIC: Three members comprised of Mr. Yoshihiro Shirahashi from Nissan, who presented the legal requirements, test method, approval method, and COP for audible warning devices (R28); Mr. Jun Makino from Bridgestone who presented pneumatic tyres (moped, motor cycle) (R75); and Mr. Yoshiaki Nanbu from the secretariat. 5. Outline of the meeting Representing the organizer, Ms. Virginia Torres, Assistant Secretary, LTO, gave an opening address and Mr. Rolando F. Cruz from MDPPA made a report on the industry. Presentations on the legal requirements, test method, approval method, and COP for audible warning devices (R28) and the legal requirements, test method, approval method, and COP for pneumatic tyres (moped, motor cycle) (R75) and Q&A sessions followed. Through discussion held in an animated and friendly atmosphere, the meeting deepened the understanding of the attendees from the Philippines and successfully ended. Presentation by JASIC

66 1. R75 (Pneumatic Tyres (Moped, Motor Cycle): Presentation by Mr. Makino from Bridgestone After presenting the outline of the regulation, Mr. Makino explained the details of technical requirements, test requirements, approval method, and COP. The attendees deepened their understanding on the details of approval of tyres under the regulation to be reflected in future. The presentation was followed by a Q&A session and lively exchange of views. Major Questions and Answers Q1: How many times must a high-speed drum be tested? A1: Only once if it s a normal tyre, but twice if it s a tyre of max 240 km/h, because an additional test is necessary. Q2: Isn t there any spec about the surface roughness of a high-speed test drum? A2: No, there s no specific requirement. As long as you use a steel drum of normal, smooth surface, there s no problem. Q3: Here I see 65% in two places. Are they the same figures? A3: Yes, basically the same. As test load, you multiply each of the speed indexes H, V, and W by 65%. For LI, you further multiply it by a coefficient. Q4: Does JASIC have testing facilities? A4: No. We aren t a testing laboratory. JASIC is in charge of the internationalization of approval under regulations. The official testing laboratory in Japan is NTSEL. Q5: Can we ask the Japanese official testing laboratory to test our tyres? A5: Certain arrangement will be necessary, but, yes, you can. Q6: Under actual running conditions, the tyres incline while the motorcycle turns a corner. But that s not included in the test conditions, is it? A6: That s right. As to high-speed durability, the approval test only looks at straight-course performance. Of course, we know that manufactures evaluate cornering performance to meet the market's demand, but certifying a tyre isn't the same as designing it.

67 Q7: Is PR (Ply Rating) marking not necessary for tyres? A7: No, not for approval. It can be represented by LI (load index). For approval purposes, however, there's no problem with indicating both PR and LI if your tyre has its PR marked on it. Q8: Isn t there any requirement for testing under wet conditions? A8: No, there isn t any specific requirement for approval. Q9: Why do you use 65% of LI as test load? A9: I don t know exactly how it's determined like this, but I hear it s determined taking account of actual conditions of use, the influence of drum curvature, etc., and I think 65% of LI is a reasonable level for evaluation purpose. Q10: What are the test conditions used by manufacturers? A10: Sorry, it's business secret. Q11: Getting an E mark will cost us a lot. Why should we get it? A11: Because an E mark is evidence that your tyres are of certified quality, that s why. What's more, if you don t get it, you won t be able to export your tyres to any of the 58 member countries that have adopted UNECE regulations. Q12: Who implements the national regulation? A12: In Japan, it's government. That is to say, the MLIT. Q13: Are tyres imported from Japan in compliance with R75? A13: Yes, there are in compliance. Q14: Are tyre tubes included in the regulation? Q14: No, they aren t. The regulation regulates only tires. Q15: What's necessary to export tyres to China? A15: China hasn t adopted UNECE yet. So you have to get your tyres certified under the Chinese CCC regulations. Q16: How much time does the test take?

68 A16: The test itself takes only a couple of hours, but, considering the time for leaving the tyre for adjusting inner pressure, writing reports, and so on, you ll need two to three days at least. Q17: Suppose the 01 series of R75 enters into force in future, then, how should a country who has adopted the 00 series handle tyres certified under the 01 series? A17: The 00 series was revised to the 01 series after satisfying the requirements of the 00 series, so you can think that tires that satisfy the 01 series satisfy the 00 series, too. Q18: How many tyres will be necessary for the test? A18: At least one tyre (but two tyres for high-speed tyres of 240 km/h or more). If you use more than one tyre, it s preferable they be of close date of manufacture. Q19: You said for biased tyres, we can simply mark D or put no marking at all. Do you mean that, if we don t mark D, we don t need to mark the rim code, either? A19: You must put the rim code even if you don t put D mark (e.g. 135/70-18 M/C). 2. R28 Audible Warning Devices: Presentation by Mr. Shirahashi from Nissan After presenting the outline of the regulation, Mr. Shirahashi classified the subjects roughly into two groups, systems and components on one hand and vehicle on the other hand, and explained the details of technical requirements, test requirements, approval method and COP for each group. The presentation helped the attendees deepen their understanding of the details of approval of audible warning devices under the regulation to be reflected in future. The presentation was followed by a Q&A session and lively exchange of views. Major Questions and Answers Q1: Are the type approval number and the certificate number different from each other between AWD and signals? A1: Yes they re different. The number is granted to the device for AWD and to the vehicle for signals. Q2: Between a device for two-wheelers and that for four-wheelers, is the approval

69 number different even if the device is the same? A2: As shown in the table of requirements, you cannot use the same number for them, because the regulations are different between two wheelers of an engine power of 7 kw or less and four-wheelers. Q3: Isn t there any requirement for current value? A3: No, there isn t. There s only requirement for voltage. Q4: I think there was a requirement that the sound pressure be between 92 and 115 db, wasn t there? A4: No. Such a value doesn t satisfy R28. (The meaning of the question wasn t clear. Later, we learned that this question about altered spare mufflers for motorcycles, asked by LTO, was actually about R92.) Q5: Can I put two horns? Can I change frequencies? A5: Yes, you can. Actually, there re vehicles equipped with two or three horns, using one to give a high frequency sound and the other to give a low frequency sound, and so on. You can use any frequency between 1,800 and 3,550 Hz, as long as you satisfy the regulatory values prescribed in 6-2 Second Requirement for Sound. Q6: Isn t there some difference of results depending on the place the test is done, i.e. whether it's done in an acoustic chamber or outdoors? A6: There's no such difference whether it s indoors or outdoors, although there mustn t be barriers around. That said, I should say it's a measurement of 7 m, so it s usually done outdoors. Q7: Here s written version in the explanation of what the figures mean for E mark for audible warning devices. Is it correct? A7: No. Please read it Series of amendments. See WP29/1044 for definition.

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