Project on Two Level Parking System

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Project on Two Level Parking System KshitijaDesai a, SamruddhiJadhav b, MugdhaPaithankar c and RadhikaMohanan d 1Kshitija Desai Cummins College of Engineering for women, Pune, Maharashtra, India

College of Engineering for women, Pune, Maharashtra, India

1 Project on Two Level Parking System KshitijaDesai a, SamruddhiJadhav b, MugdhaPaithankar c and RadhikaMohanan d 1Kshitija Desai Cummins College of Engineering for women, Pune, Maharashtra, India 2Samruddhi Jadhav Cummins College of Engineering for women, Pune, Maharashtra, India 3 Mugdha Paithankar Cummins College of Engineering for women, Pune, Maharashtra, India 4 Radhika Mohanan Cummins College of Engineering for women, Pune, Maharashtra, India *** Abstract - The growing population of India has created The most commonly used available systems are Hydraulic many problems one of the challenging ones being car and Pneumatic multilevel parking systems. These car parking which we confront almost every day. The present parking systems use a similar type of technology to that used for mechanical parcel handling and document retrieval. The design seeks to provide a two-level parking system for parking driver leaves the car inside an entrance area and technology one vehicle on top of another.the system has a simple and parks the vehicle at a designated area. Hydraulic or pneumatic car lifters raise the vehicle to another level for inexpensive construction, yet safely supports a vehicle without proper storing. The vehicle can be transported vertically (up the need of moving other vehicle. It provides independent or down) and horizontally (left and right) to a vacant parking space until the car is needed again. When the vehicle parking for the two vehicles. The system is characterized by a is needed, the process is reversed and the car lifts transport multiple-lever-arm design that permits lifting the vehicle. the vehicle back to the same area where the driver left it. The cost of these present parking systems are around 3-5 lakh rupees. Key Words: (Size 10 & Bold) Hydraulic, Pneumatic, The present parking system design in this paper relates to CATIA, Linkages, Position, Prototype vehicle parking systems for parking one vehicle on top of the parking place of another vehicle providing an independent parking for the parked vehicles unlike hydraulic and 1. INTRODUCTION pneumatic parking systems. In the parking place of one vehicle two vehicle can be parked.the machine is structured Due to growing population in India, greater is the problem of of moving steel profiles and chain operated by motor The space for a parked vehicle than the problem of space for cars machine can be placed in all parking ground types, closed, moving on the road considering that private vehicles remain underground, open (in open parking grounds a protection parked for most of their time. Parking is one of the major against wind is required) problems that is created by the increasing road track. It is an impact of transport development. The availability of less space in urban areas has increased the demand for parking space especially in areas like Central business district.parking has some effects like congestion, accidents, pollution, obstruction to fire-fighting operations etc. Fig.1 Parking Problems Figure2: Multiple parking systems 2. DESIGN AND MECHANISM The machine is built of 4 main units: 1) Frame structure 2) Linkage mechanism 3) Chain and sprockets assembly 2016, IRJET Impact Factor value: 4.45 ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal Page 115

2 4) Handle Figure 3: Design of mechanism Description [1]The vehicle is lifted along an arcuate track, by means of a chain drive. A pair of lever arms constantly contacts the ground and support the vehicle during the initial lifting of the vehicle. Up until the point when the vehicle has been lifted onto a support frame, the majority of the vehicle weight is constantly supported by the lever arms, while the frame itself does not have to support much weight. The system is also distinguished by quiet, smooth and efficient operation.[2]this parking system includes a plurality of lever arms serially and pivotally connected to each other from a nearest lever arm to a furthest lever arm, each lever arm being movable from a first orientation to a second orientation, wherein an angle of each lever arm relative to a ground surface is greater in the second orientation than in the first orientation, the nearest lever arm being connectable to a support structure for supporting thereupon a vehicle to be parked, and drive apparatus operatively connected to the lever arms and operative to sequentially lift each of the lever arms, starting with the furthest lever arm and ending with the nearest lever arm, from its first orientation to its second orientation.[3]in this design one or more of the lever arms constantly contacts the ground surface before the drive apparatus lifts the next furthest lever arm from the first orientation to the second orientation. [4]The furthest ground-contacting lever arm of those lever arms which contact the ground surface is pivotally connected at a reference pivot to the nearest lever arm of those lever arms which have been lifted above the ground surface to the second orientation. [5]There is also provided a support frame and a support structure for supporting thereupon a vehicle, the support structure being pivotally attached at a far end thereof to the nearest lever arm and at a near end thereof to the support frame, wherein the drive apparatus is connected to the near end of the support structure and is operative to move the near end of the support structure along the support frame.[6]a vehicle is supported on the support structure, and the drive apparatus lifts the lever arms such that the center of gravity of the vehicle is constantly positioned with respect to the reference pivot such that the total moment produced by the weight of the vehicle and the weight of the support structure on the far side of the reference pivot is not greater than the total moment produced by the weight of the support frame and the support structure acting on the near side of the reference pivot..the drive apparatus includes a motor which drives a chain drive connected to the near end of the support structure. The support frame includes generally arcuate support rails. [7] The support frame includes support rails having a generally inverted U-shape with an elongate linear upper portion. The chain drive is supported on the support frame. [8]The support frame includes an anti-friction material underlying the chain drive. The chain drive includes a bridging link pivotally connected to at least one of the lever arms. 3. KINEMATIC ANALYSIS OF LINKAGE Following are the positions of the mechanism when done in the modelling software CATIA Figure 4: closed position of mechanism Figure 5: Second position of mechanism Figure 6: Third position of mechanism Figure 7: Fourth position of mechanism 2016, IRJET Impact Factor value: 4.45 ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal Page 116

3 σ b= = N/mm 2 Figure 8: Fifth position of mechanism iii) Resultant stress (σ R) (σ R)= (σ t 2 + σ b2 ) σ R = ( )= N/mm 2 Yield strength of Mild steel (S yt) = 250 N/mm 2 Factor of safety (N f) = N f= = 1.6 ( ) Thus the design is safe Figure 1: open position of mechanism 4. CALCULATIONS 1) Design of most critical link: The mass of the vehicle is assumed as 1500Kg and considering the scale of 1:10 we are considering 150Kg for design The load acting on the platform is the weight of the vehicle which is 150X9.81 N therefore the load acting on the link on one side of the vehicle will be half of the value On the link two types stress are acting 1) Tensile stress 2) Bending stress 2) Chain Selection: The length of the chain according to the dimensions of the frame and position of the sprockets is 1156mm Therefore the chain is selected has following specifications: 1. ANSI Standard Chain number = Pitch=12.7 mm 3. Roller Diameter =7.94 mm 4. Width=7.94 mm 5. Breaking strength=13920 N 3) Design of Chain sprocket: D = D=Pitch circle diameter of the sprocket Z=number of teeth D = D= mm Taking the standard value D=40 mm i) Tensile stress (σ t) - Load acting on the link (P) = (150/2)X9.81= N Area of cross section of the link (A) = 18X4=72 mm 2 Stress acting on the link (σ t) =P/A= N/ mm 2 ii) Bending stress (σ b) - From Flexural Formula we have: 4) Design of handle: Torque required to lift the platform (T) = T T =14715 N-mm Applied effort =100 N Torque (T) = (Applied effort)x(length of the handle) 14715=100 X (Length of the handle) Length of the handle= mm Shear stressτ permissible= τ permissible= Bending stress (σ b) = Where: Bending moment (M) = 150/4)X9.81X90= M-mm Moment of inertia (I) = (1/12) X183X4=1944 mm 4 Distance from neutral axis(y) =9 mm Yield strength in shear (S sy) = = =125N/mm 2 τ permissible= d=9.86 mm 2016, IRJET Impact Factor value: 4.45 ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal Page 117

5) Design of frame: The car is to be placed on the platform of 350 mm, the weight of the car is transferred on the platform on four points through the tires.

62 N/mm 2 Factor of safety (N f) = N f Therefore the design is safe. 5.

4 5) Design of frame: The car is to be placed on the platform of 350 mm, the weight of the car is transferred on the platform on four points through the tires. The point load is assumed to be acting at a distance of 50mm from the front and the rear side. Moment of Inertia (I) = b = y = (20-Y) Assume t=2 mm Substituting in the above equations we get b = N/mm 2 Factor of safety (N f) = N f Therefore the design is safe. 5. CAD MODELLING OF PROTOTYPE 3D modeling in CATIA i) When mechanical input (by means of a handle) is given to link 5 of the above mechanism the platform is pushed as a result of which the link 1 starts to rotate about the pivot until it reaches the ground. Figure 10: SFD BMD and L cross section of the frame Figure 10: closed position of mechanism F A = (75/2)X9.81= N=F B F V=0 R C + R D -F A-F B=0 R C+R D=735.75N M C=0-50X (300X ) + 350XR D=0 R D= N R C= N Maximum bending moment (M) = N-mm The frame is having a L cross section Y=Distance of the centroidal axis from the base Y= ii) When the link 1 reaches the ground link 2 and link 3 are oblique to the ground surface and the platform is pushed further along the rigid frame. Y= 2016, IRJET Impact Factor value: 4.45 ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal Page 118

Figure 14: Stress in link Figure 11: Intermediate position of mechanism Stresses in link Maximum = 168 MPa Permissible = 250 MPa iii) Due to the continuous input given to the link 5 the platform is

5 Figure 14: Stress in link Figure 11: Intermediate position of mechanism Stresses in link Maximum = 168 MPa Permissible = 250 MPa iii) Due to the continuous input given to the link 5 the platform is brought further down until it reaches the ground surface. Figure 15: Deformation in frame Deformation in frame Maximum =463*10-3 m Figure 12: open position of mechanism The above position is obtained when the parking system is fully opened. Car can be parked on this platform independently without changing the position of the car parked inside the rigid frame. 5. ANALYSIS AND RESULTS Results for the most critical link Figure 16: Stress in Frame Stresses in frame Maximum = 147MPa Permissible = 250Mpa 6. PROTOTYPE (EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION) 1) Prototype size: Dimension Closed Position(cm) Open position(cm) Length Width Height Figure 13: Deformation in link Deformation in link Maximum = 272*10-3 m 2016, IRJET Impact Factor value: 4.45 ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal Page 119

2) Link lengths Model(scale 1:10) (cm) Link 1 9 Link 2 8 Link 3 9 Link 4 8 Link 5(platform link) 35 Link 6 9 i) Open position of mechanism.

CONCLUSION 1) The machine is semi-automatic that enables parking of both cars independently 2) Purely mechanical design with linkages, chains,

5) Easy installation and maintenance. Figure 17: open position of mechanism ii) Intermediate position 8. REFERENCES 1.

Wu Yu Feng, patent US5158413-Car parking frame 4.VinzenzMaschinebauGmbh,patent US5593266- Mechanical parking arrangement 5.

6 2) Link lengths Model(scale 1:10) (cm) Link 1 9 Link 2 8 Link 3 9 Link 4 8 Link 5(platform link) 35 Link 6 9 i) Open position of mechanism. Figure 20: closed position of mechanism 7. CONCLUSION 1) The machine is semi-automatic that enables parking of both cars independently 2) Purely mechanical design with linkages, chains, pulleys and without complicated hydraulic or pneumatic components. 3) Effective utilization of space. 4) Cost effective. 5) Easy installation and maintenance. Figure 17: open position of mechanism ii) Intermediate position 8. REFERENCES 1.Avraham Amga patent US Two level parking system 2.Matsura Takashi, patent US Multi-staged automobile parking apparatus 3.Wu Yu Feng, patent US Car parking frame 4.VinzenzMaschinebauGmbh,patent US Mechanical parking arrangement 5.ZeitmanShlomo, patent WO A1-Parking apparatus 6.Shui-Pien Chen, patent US Road side parking apparatus Figure 18: intermediate position of mechanism iii) Intermediate position Figure 19: intermediate position of mechanism iv) Closed position of mechanism 2016, IRJET Impact Factor value: 4.45 ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal Page 120

Design and Analysis of suspension system components

Design and Analysis of suspension system components Manohar Gade 1, Rayees Shaikh 2, Deepak Bijamwar 3, Shubham Jambale 4, Vikram Kulkarni 5 1 Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, D Y Patil college