Japan s Challenge for a Standardization of Inverter Technology

Transcription

1 IEA-PVPS TASK Japan s Challenge for a Standardization of Inverter Technology c o n tr ol October 30, Tokyo Japan Kyushu University Tadahiro Goda

2 Table of Contents 1. Today s Energy situation of Japan 2. Japanese Roadmap of Smart Grid Standardization 1. Current Situation of SG in Japan

3 1. Today s Energy situation of Japan (1) Situation of Before and After Earthquake a) Before the Great East Japan Earthquake We have high reliability of power distribution grid No urgent need for improvement of grid b) After the Great East Japan Earthquake We are facing -Energy supply shortage Problems Lack of energy capacity All nuclear power plants were shut down on 5th May Need to reduce electricity consumption Electricity Supply-Demand Measures for this Summer was prepared by the Electricity Supply-Demand Review Committee and the Energy and Environment Council on May 18,2012.

4 Generator Capacity and Peak Demand in Japan at 2009 北海道 東北 東京 中部 北陸 関西 中国 四国 九州 合計 Hokkaidou Tohoku Tokyo Chubu Hokuriku Kansai Chugoku Shikoku Kyushu Sum. (1)Generator Capacity [ 万 kw] (2)Peak Demand [ 万 kw] (3)Generator Capacity of Nuclear Power [ 万 kw] (4)Remaining Power =(1)-(2) ( Include Nuclear ) [ 万 kw] (5) Remaining Power =(1)-(2)-(3) ( Without Nuclear ) [ 万 kw]

5 Nuclear Power Generation Plant in Japan before Earthquake 2011 Operation Building Planning

6 (2) Japanese Challenges Challenge-Items are - How to avoid rolling blackout? - Further promotion of energy efficiency - Broad introduction of renewable energy - How to ensure adequate supplies of energy during disasters? Constrained Condition : Reduction greenhouse gas We Need to disseminate the idea of Smart and Strong Grid and Smart Community Most important element is renewable energy resource.

7 (3)Installation Plans of Renewable Energy Resource Unit End of 2005 End of 2020 End of 2030 Actual Achievement Plan Plan PV WT Waste Power Generation & Biomass Power Generation Gl GW Gl GW Gl GW Biomass Heat Utilization Gl Others Gl Total Gl Note: Peak Demand in Japan (2009 base ) 180GW Maximum Capacity in Japan (2009 base) 240GW

8 Definition of Smart Grid and Smart Community Smart Community ( Total Infrastructure : Electric Power Heat Gas Transportation Water etc.) Smart Grid ( Utilities and Customer ) ( Energy Network : Electric Power Heat & Gas ) Smart Grid ( Utilities and Customer ) ( Electric Power Network ) Micro Grid ( Local Energy Network ) Distributed Generator ( PV WT FC Biomass etc.)

9 (4) Smart Community Demonstration Project High dependence on grid connected power (centralized control) 2: Keihanna 1: City of Yokohama Kyoto Pref., Kansai Electric Power., Osaka Gas, OMRON, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Mitsubishi Electric, Mitsubishi Motors, et al. Housing subdivision type project Wide area, major urban type project City of Yokohama, Toshiba, Panasonic, Hitachi, Meidensha Corporation, Nissan, Tokyo Gas, Tokyo Electric Power, et al. Control over single sector (households) only Comprehensive control over multiple sectors 3: Toyota City Single family home type project 4 2 Toyota City, Toyota Motor, Chubu Electric Power, Denso Corporation, Sharp, Fujitsu, et al. 3 1 Regional core city type project 4: City of Kitakyushu City of Kitakyushu, Fuji Electric Systems, Japan IBM, Nippon Steel, NTT West, et al. Low dependence on gridconnected power (distributed control) 4

10 (5) Japan s Smart Community Roadmap To address the 3Es simultaneously, it is important to realize the best mix of power sources by introducing large scale RE utilizing storage. This roadmap illustrates a future social system in Japan aiming at, concentrating on regional EMS and lifestyle changes, under such an energy supply structure. (3E : Environment Energy Security Economy ) Today - Year Relation between regional EMS and entire grid Solar panel prices will decrease significantly due to large-scale introduction of panels to houses as well as commercial buildings. Measures to maintain the quality of electricity while the large-scale introduction of PV will be carried out mainly for the grid side. Storage cells will be installed at substations. As regional EMS are further demonstrated, technology and knowhow will be accumulated. The cost of storage cells will go down due to technology development and demonstration. Due to a decline in PV prices, more PV systems will be installed at houses. Regional EMS, which contribute to effective use of RE generated at houses, will become more important. Regional EMS will be realized as storage cells become cheaper and are further disseminated. Distribution and transmission networks that enable two-way communication between demand side and grid sidege will be actively established. Cost competitiveness of RE will improve as fossil fuel prices increase by more than double. Use of RE will be prioritized and nuclear power will be used as a base. EMS that can provide an optimized balance in terms of economy and security between regional EMS and grid will be established. EMS that creates demand by charging EVs at the time of excessive RE, and supplies energy to grid at high demand, will be used. Houses Remote reading using smart meters will start. HEMS will be disseminated. Some houses will install home servers. Demand response demonstration will start. Demonstration of EVs will start. HEMS and regional EMS will be integrated. All power generated at houses will be used optimally. Various services using home servers will be disseminated. EVs will be used for power storage as well. A fully-automated HEMS will be realized. Buildings ZEB introduction will start. ZEB: Zero Emission Building ZEB will be realized at new public buildings. ZEB will lead to a greatly reduced level of emissions for all new buildings as a group. 10

11 (6) Enforcement of policy : Feed-in Tariff Summary of the Feed-in Tariff Scheme for Renewable Energy a) Electric utilities will be obliged to purchase electricity generated from renewable energy sources - Photovoltaic, wind power, Small and medium scale hydraulic power, Geothermal power, Biomass - fixed price : 42~ 57.75(TBD) / kwh - fixed-period contract : 10~20years(TBD) b) Surcharge for renewable energy c) Start : July 1 st,

12 2. Japanese Roadmap of Standardization (1) Contribution to international standardization a) Study Group on International Standardization for Next Generation Energy Systems was set up to deliberate road map for Japan s contribution for international standardization activity in Smart Grid area. b) The road map was released on January Discussion Step - -Recommendations- (1) Draw a futurefocused big picture (2) To Identify -business - use case - key systems (3) To Analyze - strength - weakness (4) To Identify -priority areas (5) To Analyze - overseas market Road map on Smart Grid standardization Examine a comprehensive smart grid international standardization strategy Identify 26 focus areas including control equipment in distributed power supplies and equipment for EV charging infrastructure Establish an international standardization roadmap (1) Contribute to the international standardization activities (2) Collaborate with other countries; - Collaborate with NIST - Exchange information with CENELEC (3) Implement policy; - Standardization road map with R&D, pilot projects, and other measures (4) Establish private-sector smart grid implementation consortium 8

13 (2) Future-focused big picture a) Smart Grid is System of systems. b) Interoperability makes it possible for smart grid to work securely and effectively. c) Standards are essential enabling to have interoperable systems and components. Nuclear power plant Thermal power plant Transformer Substation Factories Office buildings Houses IT Network Hydroelectric power plant Storage battery Electric Power Grid Storage battery Control System Energy storage facilities Commercial facility control Charging station for EVs Building with solar power, gas cogeneration and storage battery system Solar power panel Wind power plant Flow of electricity Solar power plant House with solar power system and storage battery system Smart meter Storage battery Electric Vehicle 7

14 (3) 26 Focus Areas Identified by the Study Group 26 Focus Area are categorized to 6 field : WASA, BT-system, EMS, DR, EV and AMI 1. Wide-Area Situational Awareness (WASA) 14. Stationary energy storage systems 2. Grid storage application 15. Storage cell modules 3. Distribution network storage application 16. Methods for evaluating the residual value of energy storage for EV 4. Building/community energy storage 17. Quick EV charger-vehicle communications application 5. High-efficiency inverters for energy storage 18. Quick EV charger connectors 6. Distribution Automation Systems 19. Quick EV charger unit design 7. Inverters for distributed energy resource 8. Power electronic devices for distribution network 20. Safety testing of lithium-ion batteries for vehicles 21. Vehicle-to-EV charger infrastructure communications 9. Demand response 22. EV charging control from Grid 10. HEMS 23. Wide-area meter communications 11. BEMS 24. Local meter communications 12. FEMS 25. Gas metering for AMI systems 13. EMS for the community 26. Authentication method between meter communicators and higher-level systems 9

15 (4) Map of 26 Focus Areas on Power Grid IP network DAS network (virtual network) Top-tier control center 2 1 Power utility service provider, etc. Control data DR server Distribution automation system (DAS) 6 Meter data management system (MDMS) 26 ~ Distribution transformer substation RTU LRT AMI network (virtual network) IP network IP network DR network (virtual network) Sensor with RTU built-in switch Power conditioner Storage Charging stationcontroller 23 Power conditioner 15 3 Storage cells 5 RTU RTU LPC RTU RTU SVR/TVR Distribution lines 19 Quick charger Buildings / Factories Electronic meter BEMS/FEMS 14 Solar power panel Distribution panel Controller 4 Power conditioner Air conditioner PV power conditioneroner 10 RTU SVC Commercial solar power plant High-efficiency water heater Home PEV / PHEV AMI: Advanced Metering Infrastructure, BEMS: Building EMS, DAS: Distribution Automation System, DR: Demand Response, EMS: Energy Management System, FEMS: Factory EMS, FRT: Fault Ride Through, H/W: Hardware: I/F: Interface, IP: Internet Protocol, LRT: Load Ratio control Transformer, LPC: Loop Power Controller, MDMS: Meter Data Management System, PEV: Plug-in Electric Vehicle, PHEV: Plug-in Hybrid EV, PV: Photovoltaic, RTU: Remote Terminal Unit, SVC: Static Var Compensator, SVR: Step Voltage Regulator, S/W: Software, SW: Switch, TVR: Thyristor Voltage Regulator, WASA: Wide Area Situational Awareness

16 3. Current Situation of SG in Japan (1) Organization JSCA was established at 2010 ( JSCA : Japan Smart Community Alliance ) Subcommittee on Smart Grid International Standardization was established at 2012 Japanese Industrial Standards Committee JSCA(organized by NEDO) Chair: Toshiba Member:ITOCHU, Tokyo Gas, Toshiba, Toyota, JGC, Panasonic, Hitachi, Mitsubishi Electric Standards Board Conformity Assessment Board International Strategy WG Exchange information strategies progress reports etc Technical Committee on International Affairs Roadmap WG Report Smart House WG Subcommittee on Smart Grid International Standardization International Standardization WG IEC/SG3 Japan s mirror committee Provide recommendation EMS SWG Storage cell SWG Power and electric grid management SWG Next generation vehicle SWG Communication interface SWG Related TC Related TC Related TC 12

17 Status of this Subcommittee under JICS - Subcommittee on Smart Grid International Standardization was established under JISC in early Member ; Chair professor Yokoyama, Tokyo University, Vice Chair Dr. Hayashi, Toshiba, and members from: Hitachi, Panasonic, TEPCO, KEPCO, Japan Automobile Manufactures Association, Kyushu University - Object of this Subcommittee, - improve 26 items - make a roadmap for important areas - system approach - standards and regulations - certification - contributing international standardization 11

18 (2) Japan s activity of international standardization on Smart Grid under JSCA JSCA(Secretariat : NEDO) International Standardization Working Group Energy Storage Sub-Working Group (WG1) Transmission & Distribution Sub-Working Group (WG2) Energy Management System Sub-Working Group (WG3) Next Generation Automobile Sub-Working Group (WG4) Communication Interface Sub-Working Group (WG5) #2-5, #14-16 #1, #6-8 TF1 TF7 #9-13, #23-26 #17-19, #20-22 PCS Team Follow activity of 26 Technical items & Support for IEC,IEEE,SGIP/PAP etc. 18

19 (3) Standardization Activity of PCS in few years (a) First Step ( From 2010 to 2011 ) Japanese Standard of Active Unintentional Islanding Detection Method for Grid Connected PV Generator was developed by JEMA. (NOTE) JEMA: Japan Electrical Manufactures Association Project Implementation Structure

20 Total block diagram of Unintentional Islanding Detection Method Calculatoin Of fundtalamenta Voltagel 20

21 (b) Second Step ( From 2012 to? ) We Japanese start survey of PCS function to make Japanese Standard July Project Implementation Structure METI MRI Kyushu University Schedule Survey Exploratory Committee Member: CRIEPI Meidensha Hitachi Panasonic TMEIC Fuji Yasukawa Observer: METI NEDO FEPC JEMA Literature search overseas research National search comparative analysis July October November January March

22 (NOTE) Operation Mode of Local Grid (Japanese Case) Interconnection Mode Intentional Islanding Islanding Mode Unintentional Islanding Main Grid Main Grid Main Grid L Local Grid (A) Local Grid (B) L : Load DG Normal operation Copyright (C) The Japan mode Electrical Manufacturers Association L L DG Local Grid (A) Local Grid (B) DG : Distributed Generator Local Grid (B) does not supply electric power to Local Grid (A) Normal operation mode L L DG Local Grid (A) Local Grid (B) Local Grid (B) supply electric power to Local Grid (A). Abnormal operation mode L

23 Thank You For Your Attention