3/14/2018. Moment For Safety Solar Energy Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Water Heating Photovoltaic (PV) Photovoltaic Solar Panels

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1 Forward-Looking Statements Because LCPW does not know exactly which of this information you will utilize nor for what purpose, LCPW makes no representation that these data will be reliable for your purposes, and because LCPW cannot be assured or assure you that such information was correctly interpreted, received, transmitted, or transcribed, LCPW makes no representation that these data are accurate. Some of the statements in this presentation are forward-looking and do not directly or exclusively relate to historical facts. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by words or phrases such as may, might, will, could, should, continue, goal, objective, expect, anticipate, estimate, project, intend, plan, believe, potential, target, forecast, seek, schedule, assume, guidance, outlook, in service date, and other words and terms of similar meaning. Forward-looking statements involve estimates, expectations, projections, goals, forecasts, assumptions, risks, and uncertainties. Actual results may differ from those discussed. You should not rely upon statements in this presentation in making decisions. Further, financial statements in this presentation have not been audited. You should refer to LCPW s Web site to obtain audited financial statements. Moreover, this presentation was developed and is presented by a non-legal spokesperson. The statements made herein should not be relied upon as official interpretations of LCPW s contracts, bond resolution, supplemental bond resolutions, or bylaws, which documents speak for themselves. The opinions expressed by this presentation and the spokesperson do not necessarily reflect the official positions of LCPW, its Board of Commissioners, or staff. Topics For Discussion Moment For Safety Solar Energy Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Water Heating Photovoltaic (PV) Photovoltaic Solar Panels Large Scale Solar Generation Community & Shared Solar Personal Solar Future Energy Sources 1

2 Moment For Safety Backing Safety Facts 25% of vehicle accidents can be blamed on poor backing techniques. Backing accidents cause 500 deaths and 15,000 injuries per year. The use of safe vehicle backing tips by everyone can help prevent accidents. Moment For Safety Backing Safety Get to know your vehicle s blind spots. In a medium sized truck, blind spots can extend up to 16 feet in front and 160 feet behind. Mirrors and cameras never give the whole picture while backing. Moment For Safety Backing Safety Think in advance. Drivers should not put themselves in unnecessary backing situations. 2

3 Moment For Safety Backing Safety Park defensively. Drivers should choose easy exit parking spaces that do not crowd nearby vehicles and park their vehicle in the center of the parking space. Moment For Safety Backing Safety Do a walk-around. Walking around a vehicle gives the driver a firsthand view of the surrounding area and any limitations that might affect backing. The condition of the vehicle can be observed during the walk around as well. Moment For Safety Circle of Safety Walk Around Why!! Because the environment and circumstances are always changing around you. It takes less than 30 seconds but it s worth your time to prevent a tragedy. 3

4 Moment For Safety Circle of Safety Walk Around Now some examples of what you might find on your walk around. Moment For Safety Circle of Safety Walk Around Moment For Safety Circle of Safety Walk Around 4

5 Moment For Safety Circle of Safety Walk Around Moment For Safety Circle of Safety Walk Around Moment For Safety Circle of Safety Walk Around 5

6 Current & Future Energy Sources Topics For Discussion Moment For Safety Solar Energy Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Water Heating Photovoltaic (PV) Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Parabolic Trough Dish/Engine Power Tower 6

7 Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Parabolic Trough The mirrors in a parabolic trough concentrate the sun s rays on the absorber pipe that is filled with oil or molten salt which carries heat to a heat exchanger boiler where steam is produced to turn a turbine that drives a generator to produce electricity. Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Parabolic Trough Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Dish/Engine The dish concentrates the solar energy on the thermal receiver that uses a heat transfer medium such as hydrogen or helium which in turn drives an engine that turns a turbine to produce electricity. 7

8 Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Dish/Engine Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Power Tower The surrounding mirrors concentrate the solar energy from the sun onto the tower collector where water or molten salt is heated to produce steam that drives a turbine and generator to generate electricity. Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Power Tower 8

9 Water Heating Photovoltaic Panels (PV) Roof Mounted Photovoltaic Panels (PV) Ground Mounted 9

10 Photovoltaic Panels (PV) Tower Mounted Topics For Discussion Moment For Safety Solar Energy Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Water Heating Photovoltaic (PV) Photovoltaic Solar Panels Large Scale Solar Generation Community & Shared Solar Personal Solar Large Scale Generation 10

11 Large Scale Generation Large Scale Generation Large Scale Generation 11

12 Large Scale Generation GEORGE MCFLY 9303 LYON DRIVE HILL VALLEY, CA Community Solar Your Panels Shared Generation Top Tenant Middle Tenant Bottom Tenant 12

13 Community or Shared Offsite Generation Personal Solar 13

14 Before considering solar be sure that the home is energy efficient. Solar should not be used to mask inefficiency. The money spent on making a home more energy efficient will have a better return on investment than the money spent on solar panels. The size of the solar installation will be smaller for an energy efficient home, requiring less space and less upfront cost. The roof structure should be checked to make sure that it can support the weight of the solar installation. Check the condition of the roof. If the roof will need to be replaced in a few years then it should be replaced before installing the solar panels. The expected life of the roofing materials should match the life expectancy of about 25 years for the solar installation. The roof replacement may possibly be included in the total cost of the solar installation and the tax credit could possibly apply to both the roof and the solar panels. A solar installation requires 75 to 100 square feet of space for each kilowatt (KW) of electricity produced. Any shading will reduce the performance and remember that shading can change between winter and summer. The location of the installation should face south. A location that faces southeast or southwest will work but will be about 5% less efficient. 14

15 DR. EMMETT BROWN 1640 RIVERSIDE DRIVE HILL VALLEY, CA Check the warranty of the panels and the inverter. The solar panels usually have about a 25 year warranty. The inverter will probably have a warranty of about 10 years and most likely the inverter will need to be replaced during the life of the solar panels. Check with your insurance agent to make sure that the solar panels are covered by the home owner policy. Check any zoning, Home Owners Association rules, or permit requirements. In South Carolina, an HOA can restrict the installation of solar panels. Installers normally help with permits. 15

16 LYON DRIVE HILL VALLEY, CA Check with your electric service provider for any special requirements, permits, and documentation that may be required. The electric service provider requirements will likely include many of the following: Net Metering Application and Fee Net Metering Interconnection Agreement One Line Diagram Utility Onsite Inspection City/County Inspection and Fee Certificate of Insurance 16

17 One Line Diagram One Line Diagram Be careful to select a certified professional installer. Professional installers can help with all the paperwork involved including tax credits and rebates. The North American Board of Certified Energy Practitioners (NABCEP) maintains a list of certified installers. The South Carolina Solar Council and the South Carolina Business Alliance also maintain lists of member installers. 17

18 You should check to see if the installer has workers compensation and liability insurance along with the amount of coverage. The installer may have reviews on the Better Business Bureau website. The SC Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation Contractor s Licensing Board will track any complaints against the installer on their website. llr.state.sc.us/pol/contractors/ The cost of a residential solar installation is about $4 per watt installed watts = 1 kilowatt or 1KW A 5KW system would be about $20, % Non-Refundable Federal Tax Credit = $ % SC State Tax Credit = $5000 The non-refundable federal tax credit is 30% and possibly can be carried forward to the next tax year. The IRS has not defined how many years the credit can be carried forward if the total credit is not used in the current tax year. If your federal tax liability is $0 or less you will NOT receive a check for the credit balance. 18

19 In the previous example, the 30% federal tax credit could be up to $6000 for a 5KW system costing $20,000. If the federal tax liability is $8000 then the $6000 credit would reduce the federal tax bill to $2000. If the federal tax liability is $5000 then the $6000 credit would reduce the federal tax bill to $0 but the remaining $1000 credit could possibly be carried forward to the next tax year. The South Carolina state tax credit is 25%. The annual maximum credit is $3500 or 50% of the state tax liability whichever is less. The SC solar credit can be carried forward for up to 10 years or $35,000 maximum credit. In the previous example, the 25% state tax credit could be up to $5000 for a 5KW solar system costing $20,000. If the SC state tax liability is $8000 then the $5000 solar credit CANNOT be applied in one tax year. The maximum allowed is 50% of the SC state tax liability or $3500, whichever is less. In this case, 50% of the SC state tax liability is $4000 so the $3500 yearly maximum credit is less. A SC state tax credit of $3500 would reduce the SC state tax bill to $4500 leaving a solar credit balance of $1500 to be carried forward to the next tax year. 19

20 In the previous example, the 25% SC state tax credit could be up to $5000 for a 5KW solar system costing $20,000. If the SC state tax liability is $4000 then the $5000 solar credit CANNOT be applied in one tax year. The maximum allowed is 50% of the SC state tax liability or $3500, whichever is less. In this case, 50% of the SC state tax liability is $2000 which is less than the $3500 maximum credit. A SC state tax credit of $2000 would reduce the SC state tax bill to $2000 leaving a solar credit balance of $3000 to be carried forward to future tax years. Solar Panels may be acquired using leasing or financing but the features, cost and timeframes should be carefully considered as with all leasing or financing. Operation and maintenance costs need to be evaluated along with the purchase and installation price. A Solar quote should include the following: Total cost from start to finish Any additional costs for unique design needed Equipment & Labor Permits & Taxes State and Federal Tax credits Make & Model of equipment Warranty Information Finance options: cash, loan or lease Expected operation and maintenance costs Projected generation based on orientation & shading Estimated costs and savings 20

21 There are many variables in a solar installation and the time required from start to finish is about three months. Many customer owned generation installations only contain a single meter. This single bi-directional meter installation will function and correctly bill the energy flow in both directions but it can lead to customer service problems and customer complaints due to a lack of information on the utility bill. The customer can be provided with the needed information by adding a second meter to the installation that will reduce customer complaints and make the customer feel more confident in the information being provided by the meters on the utility bill. Reverse Flow Bi-directional 21

22 Customer utility bill with dual meter for customer owned solar or wind generation. Meter readings from Bi-directional meter. This is the only information using a single meter. Meter readings from generation meter. Additional information is total energy generated. 22

23 Electric portion of utility bill. Customer received 1689kwh from LCPW lines. Solar panels generated 347kwh. 23

24 72kwh of excess solar energy received by the grid. Customer used and avoided the cost of 275kwh. 275kwh used = 347kwh generated 72kwh excess Single Bi-Directional meter installation only shows the energy received from the LCPW lines and the excess energy generated that is purchased from the customer as shown by the bill credit. The utility bill does not provide the customer enough information to calculate their total savings. The customer has the impression that their only savings to help pay for their expensive solar or wind installation is the small credit shown on their bill. 24

25 Dual meter Installation provides the customer with additional information so that their total savings can be calculated. The utility bill shows the amount of energy that was generated along with the excess energy that is purchased by the utility company and the value of their credit for the purchased excess energy. The customer can then calculate the amount of generated energy that was consumed by their household and assign a dollar amount to the avoided cost that was saved by their use of the generated energy. Net Metering, Net Billing, or Buy All Sell All Net metering measures the amount of excess solar energy that is generated and nets the total monthly excess generated kilowatt hours(kwh) against the total monthly kwh metered from the utility company without regard to when the energy was generated. If there is any excess solar energy remaining at the end of the month, the remaining kwh is carried over or rolled over to the next month. Net Metering, Net Billing, or Buy All Sell All Net Billing measures the amount of excess solar energy that is generated and the excess solar energy is bought by the utility company at wholesale rates. The solar energy that is consumed by the customer is valued at the retail price since the retail cost is being avoided by the customer. Any electricity that the customer needs beyond what is generated by the solar panels is sold by the utility company at retail rates. 25

26 Net Metering, Net Billing, or Buy All Sell All Buy All Sell All is a compensation structure where all of the solar energy generated by a customer s solar panels is purchased by the utility company at purchase rates and all electrical energy that is consumed by the customer is sold by the utility company at retail rates. In the previous compensation arrangements, when rates other than wholesale rates are paid to a customer for the purchase of the excess solar energy then the other customers are subsidizing the purchase of the excess solar energy by the difference between the rate paid for the purchase and the wholesale rate. Solar Panels with Battery Storage Widespread use of battery storage for solar energy will help boost solar implementation provided the battery technology does not cause the price to be excessive. Battery storage would allow solar generated energy to be used at night and on cloudy days in addition to sunny days. The size of solar installations might possibly increase in size to allow for energy usage and energy storage to occur concurrently while the solar panels are generating electricity from the sun. 26

27 Solar Panels with Battery Storage Solar Panels with Battery Storage Solar Panels with Battery Storage 27

28 Solar Panels with Battery Storage Current & Future Energy Sources Topics For Discussion Moment For Safety Solar Energy Concentrating Solar Power (CSP) Water Heating Photovoltaic (PV) Photovoltaic Solar Panels Large Scale Solar Generation Community & Shared Solar Personal Solar Future Energy Sources 28

29 Current & Future Energy Sources New Materials For Solar Energy Generation There are a number of new materials being developed and tested that could possibly improve the way we can generate and use solar energy. Some materials that are being developed might improve the solar energy generation process. Other materials in development may increase solar energy storage beyond the capability of current battery storage technology. Current & Future Energy Sources GravityLight Gravity Light Current & Future Energy Sources GravityLight Weight is added to the bag using sand or rocks. The weighted bag is lifted 6 feet and released. A small generator is turned by the potential energy of gravity being released as kinetic energy while the weighted bag slowly descends for about 20 minutes. The small generator produces enough electrical energy to power the LED on the GravityLight housing along with two other SATlights that plug into a jack on the GravityLight housing. 29

30 Current & Future Energy Sources GravityLight GravityLight is currently being used to replace kerosene lamps in developing countries where electric service does not exist or is unreliable. Kerosene is expensive and produces pollutants. Kerosene lamps use a dangerous open flame to produce light. Smoke from kerosene lamps can cause respiratory problems. Kerosene use in the home can result in fires and burns. Accidental kerosene poisoning can have fatal consequences. Small Modular Nuclear Reactors Can be built in a controlled factory environment Less expensive to build Quicker to build Can be shipped by truck or rail Modular components can be assembled on-site Small Modular Nuclear Reactors Small Modular Reactors(SMRs) produce less than 300MW 30

31 Small Modular Nuclear Reactors SMRs can fit into the brownfield sites of de-commissioned coal-fired plants Coal plants recently retired average 97MW Coal plants expected to retire in the next few years average 145MW Small Modular Nuclear Reactors Small Modular Nuclear Reactors 31

32 Small Modular Nuclear Reactors A Look At The Power Of The Sun & Future Energy Sources Questions? Current & Future Energy Sources While researching for this presentation I found that Dr. Emmett Brown had somehow acquired Mr. Fusion from Ellen Ripley. 32