Sensing and Communications for SCE s Smart Grid. Northwest Energy Systems Symposium Seattle, WA February 17, 2010

Transcription

1 Sensing and Communications for SCE s Smart Grid Northwest Energy Systems Symposium Seattle, WA February 17, 2010

2 SCE Strategy for a Clean Energy Future Innovation in Energy & Information Technology will Deliver Environmental Benefits & Customer Value SCE is doing its part to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by providing its customers with energy from renewable resources Smart power delivery is needed to manage greater diversity of supply and to optimize existing capacity Smart metering enables customers to increase energy conservation and reduce peaks while improving customer service and operational efficiency Plug-in electric vehicles will achieve transportation sustainability and enable distributed energy storage systems 2

3 CA 2020: Energy Policy Initiatives Policy Areas RPS Bulk Power Integration RPS Distributed Power Integration Transportation Electrification Energy Efficiency & Demand Response 20% Renewable Generation ~3500 gwh of EE Savings ( ) 500 MW of Large Scale Solar Rooftop Generation 50% of New Homes are 35% More Efficient than T24 ~25k PEV s* ~100k PEV s* SmartConnect DR Goals (~1000 MW) 90% of New Homes are 35% More Efficient than T24 1 Million Solar Roofs Statewide 33% Renewable Generation (Proposed) ~ 600k PEV s* ~7300 gwh of EE Savings ( ) Zero Energy Homes 100% AB32 Reduce GHG Emissions to 1990 Levels by 2025 MRTU Support Technologies 1 st Full Year of MRTU Market Operation Creation of Storage Market * SCE estimate of market adoption in SCE s service area 3

4 So what makes a grid smart? A smart grid involves adding millions of smart electronic devices, like phasor measurement units, fault indicators, meters and electric car chargers to the grid that will send and receive millions of pieces of data per minute to produce actionable information and using that information to control the electric system By adding this more sophisticated intelligence and control, the Smart Grid will allow: Higher transmission transfer capacity Integration of more intermittent renewable generation More efficient and effective maintenance practices Faster restoration when outages are unavoidable More customer choice and energy determination 4

5 SCE Smart Grid Vision A Smarter Grid will Provide Environmental Benefits Associated with Improved Asset, System, and Energy Efficiency Renewable, DER & Storage Integration Grid Control & Asset Optimization Workforce Effectiveness Smart Metering Smart Customer Solutions & PEVs Integrate and manage new sources of renewable and distributed energy supply and storage. Improve capital efficiency and assets using better intelligence and technology for optimal system planning & operations. Maximize workforce productivity, effectiveness, and safety by using enabling tools. Enable the grid to automatically adjust to changing loads and supply requirements. Empower customers to become active participants in the energy supply chain managing their own energy consumption. 5

6 Renewable & DER Growth California is pushing beyond limits of current grid capabilities CA Renewable Portfolio Standard 20% by % by 2020 (Governor s Exec Order) 16% Renewable Portfolio 2007 Large Rooftop Solar PV Program 500 MWs by MWs by SCE & 250MWs by IPP ~ 350 projects at 1-2MWs each California Solar Initiative (CSI) Goal of install 3,000 megawatts (MW) of new, customer-side solar photovoltaic projects by 2017 CA Carbon Reduction Law (AB32) Reduce GHG by 25% by

7 Renewables Integration SCE Leads the Nation in Renewable Power Delivery, Procuring 13 Billion kwh per Year Provide real-time voltage support to mitigate volatility associated with intermittent renewable energy resources Increase transmission capacity to integrate more bulk renewable energy resources Integrate large scale energy storage systems for Voltage/VAR/frequency support with bulk intermittent renewable energy supply Prepare the distribution system to accept dispersed renewables 7

8 Solar Intermittencies Seasonal, Daily, Minute Solar Power Fluctuating PV Inverter Grid Interactions Low Capacity Factor < 20% Inaccurate forecasting No storage 8

9 Distributed Energy Resources and Storage Vehicle to Grid Copyright 2009, Southern California Edison Enable Net Metering, Discrete metering and Integrated Energy Management w/solar Panel Home Energy Storage Creates Opportunities for Increased Renewables 9

10 Grid Control and Asset Optimization Expand smart technology deployment in the field and operational systems building on investments made over the past decade Enable distributed energy resources and storage to support customer choice and improve grid stability Develop new technology for dynamic Volt/VAR and harmonics control to provide quality service and enable voltage conservation Minimize customer outages due to distribution system failures through expansive automation Development of superconducting devices such as fault current limiters and transformers Avanti - Circuit of the Future 10

11 Synchronized Phasor Measurement System Phasor technology enables real-time system monitoring and reduces the probability of major disturbances The growing complexity of interconnected electric grids increases the threat of blackouts and other operational challenges, facilitating the need for a smarter electric grid equipped with wide-area measurement units to monitor large grids Phasor measurement units (PMUs) help identify remote system disturbances in advance to prevent wide-scale power outages Power System Outlook (PSO) is a real-time tool that enables operators and engineers to quickly and affordably analyze synchrophasor measurement system data 11

12 Workforce Effectiveness Enhance the Safety and Effectiveness of the Future Smart Grid Workforce SCE is implementing technological innovations to enable the efficient management and transfer of data by personnel to achieve the objectives of a smarter grid and create an even more productive and safer field workforce: Safer and more reliable system operations More cost-effective system maintenance Elimination of field manual data input Transparent data collection and maintenance 12

13 Edison SmartConnect Enable Customers to Increase Energy Conservation and Reduce Peak Loads Choice to Manage Cost & Peak Demand Rates Time of Use and Tiered Rates Critical Peak Pricing (CPP) Peak Time Rebate (PTR) Programs Smart Communicating Thermostats Outcome Reduce Peak Load by 1,000 MWs Energy Information Drives Conservation Reduce Residential Energy Consumption by 1% (minimum) Reduce GHG by 365,000 tons/yr Copyright 2009, Southern California Edison Automated Self-Service Remote Service Switch Payment and Billing Options 13

14 Smart Customer Solutions and PEVs Empowering Customers Customer Enabled Automated Response through Energy- Smart Appliances Improved Load Management through Edison Smart Connect TM Energy Information Drives Energy Conservation and GHG Reductions 14

15 Types of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) Saturn Vue, Ford Escape, Prius, etc miles equivalent EV range Blend electric-only and hybrid operation Engine is often on, but mpg can be 100+ for urban driving EREV (Extended Range EV) EVs Chevy Volt miles of EV range Distinct electric-only operation until battery is depleted Engine is rarely on even on the freeway except on longer trips Nissan, Tesla, Mitsubishi, Subaru mile EV range Large battery, high charge power There is no engine home-based and public charging of the batteries is needed 15

16 2020 PEV Market Penetration Forecast SCE Could Achieve up to ~12 MMT of CO2 Savings, Primarily from PEVs 1,200 Cumulative (000s) 1, High Mid Low SCE forecast PEV adoption within service territory 16

17 Infrastructure and Charging Requirements Utility Infrastructure Checklist Charging Requirements Single conductive connector standard Bi-directional communication standardized on both grid and vehicle side Type Level VAC Power Level kw (2-10 kwh) Vehicles PHEVs (10 20 mi range) Develop communication standards Support home infrastructure Understand and support municipal and customer needs for public infrastructure Understand system impacts including demand and power quality Level 2 (low) 240 VAC Level 2 (high) 240 VAC kw (10-20 kwh) 6 19 kw (20 50 kwh) PHEVs, EREVs (20 40 mi range) Full function EVs (80+ mi range) 17

18 SCE Proposals Accepted by DOE Out of many available funding opportunities under EISA & ARRA, SCE focused on 2 key areas (DE-FOA proposal): Proposals : Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration (ISGD) Tehachapi Wind Energy Storage Project (TSP) Area of Interest : Objectives: Project Size ($): DOE $ Request: 1. Regional Demonstrations Create a SG test environment to demonstrate co-habitants and existence of various technologies from generation to consumption. $80 million $40 million 2: Grid-Scale Energy Storage Demonstration Build the largest lithium-ion energy storage system (8MW for 4hr, 32MWh) near Tehachapi wind farms to demo and optimize energy storage wind-energy integration, operation and transmission benefits. $54 million $25 million Other supported Smart Grid proposals Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) (DE-FOA ) Waukesha (DE-FOA ) Superconductive B-Bank (66 kv to 12 kv) National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) (DE-FOA ) PV Proposal goals: Verification of the viability of integrated Smart Grid technologies Quantification of Smart Grid costs and benefits Validation of SCE s Smart Grid Business Model 18

19 Tehachapi Wind Energy Storage Project Lithium Ion (A123 System) 32 MWhs of storage from autoderivative batteries Modular rack based battery design Housed in 8,000sf building Smart inverter technology Interoperability & security included 19

20 Irvine Smart Grid Demonstration (ISGD) Project Energy Smart Customer Devices Subproject 1 - Evaluating Zero Net Energy (ZNE) Home on the grid Subproject 2 - Plug-in Electric Vehicle (PEV) charging at work Y2020 Distribution System Subproject 3 - Distribution circuit constraint management using energy storage Subproject 4 - Enhanced circuit efficiency and power quality through Volt/VAR control Subproject 5 Self-healing distribution circuits Subproject 6 - Deep grid situational awareness for transmission operators using phasor technology Secure Energy Network (SENet) Subproject 7 - Demonstrating end-to-end cyber security and interoperability of 3 primary networks (inter-utility, intra-utility and field area) Workforce of the Future Subproject 8 - Identify the organizational impacts and educational curriculum development to produce the next generation utility worker 20

21 Proposed Location John Wayne Airport IRVINE Demo Center UCI Turtle Rock Jamboree Blvd MacArthur Substation MacArtur Blvd Rommel 12KV Doolittle 12KV Fashion Island 21

22 1. Zero Net Energy (ZNE) Homes Demonstrate the Integrated System of the Future s ability to interface with the home automation control system to automatically maximize efficiency while minimizing the customer s energy usage Trial demand response (DR) and energy conservation effects of energy smart appliances such as air conditioners, refrigerators, electric clothes dryers, and electric ovens Customer Enabled Automated Response through Energy- Smart Appliances Homes: 30 Control Homes: 10 Copyright 2008, Southern California Edison Improved Load Management through Edison Smart Connect TM Technologies Energy Information Drives Energy Conservation and GHG Reductions 22

23 1.1 In-Home Battery Storage Provide in-home ability to store up to 10 kwh of energy in an automotive-grade battery storage system to maximize grid efficiency Utility dispatch or price signal to reduce residential peak demand by stored energy Potential manufacturers: SAFT, A123, Inerbel, CPI 9 (LG), JCS, BYD Homes: up to 20 23

24 1.2 In-Home Renewable Generation Equip up to 20 homes with up to 8 kw of photovoltaic (PV) solar generation. Enable coupling of the PV system with in-home storage to balance generation/load Integrate green box inverter technology to assist with volt/var control and improve power quality performance Provide dispatch with the ability to monitor and control set-points on the inverter Partners: SunPower Homes: 30 (20 with 3kW; 10 with 8kW) 24

25 1.3 In-Home Plug-In Electric Vehicles Up to 20 homes with Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) profile communication and control interface boxes allowing interconnection of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) and the ability to monitor and control the charging and possibly the discharging of vehicles Home demonstrations of up to 10 PEV (new and existing) rotated among the various locations Partners: Volt by GM & PHEV Escape by Ford Homes: 20 25

26 2. PEV Charging at Work Install solar shades above commercial parking spaces for EV charging PV panels above parking spaces (~48 kw) Stationary battery storage system to allow daytime charging 50 kw power output and 90 kwh capacity Lithium-ion batteries Partners: GE, A123, SunPower 26

27 3. Circuit Constraint Management using Storage The proposed distributed storage will involve a medium scaled circuit-level battery storage system coupled with Green Box inverter technology to supply the required power and VARs for maximum circuit efficiency Up to 4 MW capacity Partners: GE, A123 27

28 4. Enhanced Voltage/VAR Control Implement an advanced voltage/var control (AVVC) scheme that utilizes voltage information from AMI meters and field apparatus (automated capacitor banks, automatic recloser, and remote control switch) Use any existing voltage control elements including field and station capacitors, regulators, the dsvc, and DG Integrate DG into the AVVC scheme as defined by the Green Box concept to: Achieve a flat and low voltage profile to maximize end-use appliance energy savings via Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) Minimize VAR flow Support higher levels of the system as needed Partners: GE 28

29 5. Self-Healing Distribution Circuits Develop SCE s Distribution System of the Future (DSF) to include: Loop two 12 kv distribution circuits using fault interrupting switches and wireless communications Tie to UCI Micro-grid demonstration on campus Up to 3,000 SmartConnect meters CB Substation SCE s Smart Grid Community CB CKT#1 SC-XFMR W/ Fault Current Limiter D-SCADA System Gateway CKT#2 Micro Grid Advanced Var/Voltage Control URCI Universal Remote Controlled Switch URCI WiMAX CellNet Radio d-svc (d-facts device) RG USAT Renewable Generation RFID Partners: GE, Itron Universal Remote Controlled Switch URCI Green Box + Photo-Voltaic Home Energy Smart Automation Appliances Typ. Load Transformer DG USAT Distributed Generation URCI Homes: approx. 3,000 AMI URCI 29

30 6. Deep Grid Situational Awareness Measure effects of distributed energy resources and distribution automation at the circuit level Use this data to verify the accuracy and efficacy of using PMU data at the transmission level to reflect these operations 30

31 7. End-to-End Cyber Security and Interoperability Develop a telecommunications backbone for a Smart Grid called Secure Energy Network (SENet) modeled after the Dept. of Defense classified version of the civilian Internet, SIPRNet (formerly DARPAnet) Design, develop and demonstrate a fast, secure wireless communications network to link distributed intelligence and controls to distribution automation equipment, smart meter data aggregators and grid management systems Design secure computer networks between the CAISO and utility operations and develop proposed standards and best practices Partners: Boeing, GE, Itron, USC-ISI 31

32 Communications Networks 32

33 Secure Energy Network (SENet) 33

34 8. Workforce of the Future Product the next generation of utility worker Identify: Organizational impacts Educational curriculum development Partner: Cal Poly Pomona 34

35 Benefits ISGD Demonstration will demonstrate: Overarching demonstration of interconnectivity and interoperability of various existing and new Smart Grid technologies Reducing energy cost to consumer using tariffs and shifting consumption load to off-peak hours Cost savings and reduced emissions by optimizing circuit voltage and using renewable energy storage to increase energy use efficiency Identify organizational structure and recommended job training for nationwide implementation of Smart Grid technologies, train workforce of the future 35

36 Next Steps Award announcement from DOE 11/2009 Preliminary engineering tasks 3/2010 Complete construction 12/2011 Measurement and Valuation 12/2013 Final Reporting and Decommissioning 12/

37 What does this mean for sensing & communications? Sensing will be needed at all levels In home (appliances, generation, storage, loads) Distributed generation and storage Distribution devices (capacitors, switches, fault indicators) Transmission system (transformers, breakers) Communications will be need throughout the utility Standards-based Wired, wireless, fiber Narrowband through broadband Coordinated, end-to-end security will be critical 37

38 Bob Yinger Consulting Engineer Southern California Edison For more information on SCE s Smart Grid strategy, news, and updates, go to: 38