EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SUPERCRITICAL CO2 HEAT TRANSFER IN A THERMO- ELECTRIC ENERGY STORAGE BASED ON RANKINE AND HEAT-PUMP CYCLES

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1 emperature. [ C] Charge 140 Décharge 131 [C] Discharge [C] ,3 [bar] [bar] 40 42,64 [C] 30 [C] [C] 20 15,64 [C] 10 1,5 [C] 36,25 [bar] 0-0,5 [C] 34,39 [bar] ,10 0,35 0,60 0,85 1,10 1,35 1,60 Entropy [kj/kg-k] EXPERIMENAL SUDY OF SUPERCRIICAL CO2 HEA RANSFER IN A HERMO- ELECRIC ENERGY SORAGE BASED ON RANKINE AND HEA-PUMP CYCLES IV International Seminar on ORC Power Systems, ORC2017 N. auveron a, E. Macchi b, D. Nguyen c,. artière d a :CEA, LIEN DBH/SBR/LS2, 17 rue des Martyrs Grenoble, 38054, France. b :IMF, Université de oulouse, 2 Allée du Professeur Camille Soula, oulouse, France. c :BRGM Languedoc-Roussillon, 1039 rue de Pinville, Montpellier, France d :Enertime, 1 rue du Moulin des Bruyères Courbevoie, 92400, France.

2 SCOPE OF HE PRESENAION State of the art ANR-SELECO2 Concept & Parametric hermodynamic Simulations Experimental set-up of hot storage underground heat exchangers Results Conclusion 2

3 Discharge Sec. Min. Hours Days Electricity storage: State of the art (1) Upper Basin Heat Hydro Other Batteries Lower Basin Flywheeels Supercapacitors Power Maturity Mature (< 1890 s) Deploiement 200 sites (140 GW) Efficiency > 80% Scale Discharge Expected Life 500 MW 3 GW // GWh Few hours Few days 40 ans 3

4 Discharge Sec. Min. Hours Days Electricity storage: State of the art (2) Stack Air Compressor Regenerator Combustion HP BP Heat Hydro Other Batteries Underground Cavern Flywheeels Supercapacitors Power Maturity Commercialised Deploiement 2 sites (USA) 290 MW 2h 110 MW 26h > 12 projects Efficiency ~ 55% Scale Discharge Expected Life MW // 0,5 20 GWh 1 26 hours 30 ans 4

5 Discharge Sec. Min. Hours Days Electricity storage: State of the art (3) Hot stock Heat Hydro Other Batteries Cold stock Flywheeels Supercapacitors Power Maturity Deploiement Several R&D projects Various fluids and cycles (Ar, CO 2, ) No installed capacity Efficiency > 40% Scale Discharge Expected Life < 100 MW Few hours Few days 25 ans 5

6 SCOPE OF HE PRESENAION State of the art ANR-SELECO2 Concept & Parametric hermodynamic Simulations Experimental set-up of hot storage underground heat exchangers Results Conclusion 6

7 ANR Project SELECO 2 7

8 SELECO 2 Concept (1) Charge : Heat-Pump cycle ( 8 hours) ( C) Hot Stock Compressor 130 Regenerator ṁ s Cold Source 1 st characteristics : Hot storage medium: in situ rock (granite) column ~ 1 m / column, max ~130 C Rock conductivity =3,4 W/m.K 2 nd characteristics : CO 2 supercritical 8

9 SELECO 2 Concept (2) Discharge ~ ORC (1 10 MW e ) ( C) Hot Stock HP urbine urbine LP urbine 130 Regenerator ṁ s Cold Source 9

10 emperature. [ C] High High pressure pressure (bar) (bar) High pressure (bar) emperature. [ C] Parametric studies & static results sys W el ' W W '' el el Code : Architecture : single stage Net Power: 1 MW e Rock emp : «Pinch» : upper limit Performances rock_max Discharge 4- Hot stock power 130 C Δmin CO rock 1K 2 min Double regenerated Charge 1- Global efficiency s 2- compressor High pressure 85 % motor 3- Pressure ratio 98 % 5- Chiller contribution s turbine 90 % generator Cost 98 % s pump 80 % système non-regenerative régénératif regenerative régénération CMdischarge regenerative régénération PAC dicharge + CM (ΔP reg = 5 Discharge régénération CM (ΔP =5 bar) régénération PAC + CM (ΔP =5 bar) non-regenerative regenerative regenerative charge & discharge regenerative charge dicharge & discharge (ΔP reg = (ΔP 5 bar) reg = 5 bar regenerative 190 charge & discharge 150 Charge regenerative charge & discharge (ΔP reg = 5 bar) 140 Décharge Discharge 131 [C] [C] Q c = 7105 kw Q 42% f = 4522 kw % 42% 80 f = 1556 kw 42% 137 [bar] PR = 3,56 42% ,7 [bar] 42% 50 45% % [C] 30 48% 27,44 [C] 20 45% 48% % 14,72 [C] 3,7 [C] 38,39 [bar] 48% 0 48% 1,7 [C] 36,45 [bar] 50% % % % 42% -30 0,00 43% 50% % 0,25 0,50 50% 0,75 1,00 1,25 1,50 42% 50% 42% 42% 160 Entropy [kj/kg-k] 43% % 42% Charge 42% 42% Décharge 110 Discharge 131 [C] % 129 [C] Q c = 6910 kw 100 Q 40% 40% 90 f = 5090 kw f = 794 kw 40% ,3 [bar] 9060 PR = 2, [bar] 40 42,64 [C] 30 [C] ,64 [C] 25 [C] ,5 [C] 36,25 [bar] ,5 [C] -634,39-4 [bar] Cold Stock Cold storage emperature temperature ( C) ( C) Cold storage temperature ( C) 0,10 0,35 0,60 0,85 1,10 1,35 1,60 non-regenerative regenerative discharge regenerative dicharge (ΔP reg = 5 bar) Entropy [kj/kg-k] regenerative charge & discharge Charge regenerative charge & discharge (ΔP reg = 5 bar) 10

11 SCOPE OF HE PRESENAION State of the art ANR-SELECO2 Concept & Parametric hermodynamic Simulations Experimental set-up of hot storage underground heat exchangers Results Conclusion 11

12 Hot storage underground heat exchangers Several hundred of geothermal heat-exchangers (HX), typically: 2160 HX, 12m long, 200mm diameter and 50cm apart on hexagonal lay-out. HX set up on serial/parallel configuration into unfractured dry crystalline bedrock : 48 lines of 45 HX in series. Charge Discharge 12

13 Experimental device to study hot storage underground heat exchanger 13

14 wo test sections: est section coupled with granite & Imposed heat flux test section 14

15 SCOPE OF HE PRESENAION State of the art ANR-SELECO2 Concept & Parametric hermodynamic Simulations Experimental set-up of hot storage underground heat exchangers Results Conclusion 15

16 est section coupled with granite ±1,5 or 2 C 16

17 est section coupled with granite Energetic & exergetic view ~ 68 % ~ 14 % ±1,5 or 2 C 17

18 Imposed heat ESSAIS flux test À FLUX section IMPOSÉ RÉALISÉS (black: 75 bar; pink: 80 bar; red: 95 bar; green: 110 bar) Hsieh et al.,

19 ESSAIS À FLUX IMPOSÉ RÉALISÉS Imposed heat flux test section Heating mode (Hot storage Discharge Cycle) For Upward Flow urbulent aiding mixed convection urbulent opposing mixed convection Information: Cooling mode (Charge Cycle Hot storage) For Upward Flow urbulent opposing mixed convection urbulent aiding mixed convection c Literature data on small diameter cylinder Bruch et al., 2009 International Journal of Heat and Mass ransfer 52 (2009)

20 CONCLUSION Concept of massive electricity storage based on 2 sco2 cycles and underground thermal storage (sensible heat) 190 système non régénératif régénération CM régénération CM (ΔP =5 bar) régénération PAC + CM régénération PAC + CM (ΔP =5 bar) % 42% Parametric studies at steady-state potential interest % 42% 43% 45% 50% 48% 48% 50% % 1/10 e experimental device for geothermal HX study 40% Imposed heat flux test section and test section coupled with granite Investigation of transient behaviour Validation of unsteady simulations of HX and granite Other important tasks in the project urbomachinery design Off-design simulations & ransient multi-d coupling Economy Environmental impact 20

21 Acknowledgments Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant ANR-13-SEED-0004) Commissariat à l énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives 17 rue des Martyrs Grenoble Cedex www-liten.cea.fr Établissement public à caractère industriel et commercial RCS Paris B

22 ESSAIS À FLUX IMPOSÉ RÉALISÉS Imposed heat flux test section Heating mode (Hot storage Discharge Cycle) For Upward Flow urbulent aiding mixed convection urbulent opposing mixed convection Information: Cooling mode (Charge Cycle Hot storage) For Upward Flow urbulent opposing mixed convection urbulent aiding mixed convection Literature data on small diameter cylinder Bruch et al., 2009 International Journal of Heat and Mass ransfer 52 (2009)