TOWING - MAINTENANCE PRACTICES

Transcription

1 TOWING - MAINTENANCE PRACTICES TASK Towing of the Aircraft A. Personnel In open areas, a minimum of two persons are necessary to do this task. In small or confined areas, a minimum of five persons are necessary to do this task (refer to Setup). B. Reference Information REFERENCE TASK TASK TASK TASK TASK TASK TASK TASK TASK TASK TASK TASK TASK TASK DESIGNATION General Visual Inspection After Nose Landing Gear (NLG) Exceeds Tow Limits Grounding of the Aircraft Mooring Installation of the Lockpin in the Nose Landing Gear (NLG) Installation of the Lockpins in the Main Landing Gear (MLG) Quantity Check of the Brake, Downlock Assist and Auxiliary Hydraulic System Accumulators Servicing of the Tires Lubrication of the Nose Landing Gear and Components Torquing of Threaded Fasteners Removal of Cotter Pins Installation of Cotter Pins Extension Check of the Main Landing Gear (MLG) Shock Strut Detailed Inspection of the Nose Landing Gear (NLG) Assembly Extension Check of the Nose Landing Gear (NLG) Shock Strut Page 201

2 REFERENCE TASK TASK TASK SRM CMM WBM DESIGNATION General Visual Inspection of the Nose Landing Gear (NLG) Tires Set the Parking Brake Release the Parking Brake Nose Landing Gear (NLG) Support Structure FS to FS Allowable Damage Nose Landing Gear Wheel Assembly Weight and Balance Manual C. Tools and Equipment REFERENCE GSE 09C GSE 09C GSE GSE 23X GSE Commercially Available Commercially Available Commercially Available Towbar Attachment Head Towbar Wheel Chocks, Rubber DESIGNATION Headset With Mic, Ground Crew Cord, Headset Extension Vehicle, Towbarless Towing, LEKTRO models: AP8700B, AP8750B (Standard Side Gated Cradle with Chine Protectors P/N AMP1002A 1) (Winch Cut Off Switch Plate P/N APM109AB T) (Winch Cut Off Micro Switch Assembly P/N AP109AB) Vehicle, Towbarless Towing, LEKTRO model: AP8750B AL (Standard Side Gateless Cradle) (Winch Cut Off Switch Plate P/N APM109AB T) (Winch Cut Off Micro Switch Assembly P/N AP109AB) Vehicle, Towbarless Towing, LEKTRO models: AP8800SDA, AP8850SDA (Standard Side Gated Cradle with Chine Protectors P/N AMP1002A 1) (Winch Cut Off Switch Plate P/N APM109BC P) (Overlay Unit P/N APM109BC 4T) (Winch Cut Off Micro Switch Assembly P/N APM109BB) Page 202 Dec 18/2008

3 REFERENCE Commercially Available Commercially Available DESIGNATION Strut Strap, LEKTRO CL 300 Choker, P/N APM403W Flashlight Refer to the Illustrated Tool and Equipment Manual to make sure that you use the correct equipment configuration. D. Setup CAUTION: WHEN YOU TOW THE AIRCRAFT, OBEY THE PRECAUTIONS THAT FOLLOW: - OBEY ALL LOCAL AIRPORT REGULATIONS. - APPLY TOWBAR LOADS SLOWLY AND CAREFULLY. - MAKE ALL CHANGES TO THE SPEED OR THE DIRECTION SLOWLY. - KEEP THE TURNS AS LARGE AS POSSIBLE. - DO NOT USE THE AIRCRAFT BRAKES TO STOP THE AIRCRAFT UNLESS THERE IS AN EMERGENCY. - DO NOT TOW THE AIRCRAFT IN A FORWARD DIRECTION AT MORE THAN 5 MPH (8 KM/H). - DO NOT MOVE THE AIRCRAFT REARWARD AT MORE THAN 3 MPH (5 KM/H). - MAKE SURE THAT YOU PUT THE NOSEWHEEL IN THE CENTER POSITION BEFORE THE AIRCRAFT IS PARKED. - DO NOT START THE HYDRAULIC PUMPS WHILE TOWING THE AIRCRAFT. - MOVE THE AIRCRAFT VERY SLOWLY DURING TURNS OF 45 TO 90 DEGREES. THIS WILL KEEP THE SIDE LOAD ON THE NOSE LANDING GEAR TO A MINIMUM. - DO NOT APPLY MORE THAN LBF IN (2 410 NM) OF TORQUE ALONG THE SHOCK STRUT AXIS. IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THESE PRECAUTIONS, DAMAGE TO THE EQUIPMENT CAN OCCUR. The person who operates the tow vehicle is referred to as the towing director. This person controls the towing operation. (1) Make sure that the towing director can hear, speak to, or get signals from the ground crew. Page 203 Jul 29/2009

4 WARNING: DO NOT USE EXTERNAL AUDIO JACKS WHEN TOWING THE AIRCRAFT IN AN OPEN AREA AND THERE IS A STORM. LIGHTNING CAN CAUSE INJURY TO PERSONS AND DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT. (2) If available, and under the condition that follows, use the ground crew headset with mic at the service interphone unit. (a) If you are towing the aircraft in an open area while using the external audio jack, make sure that there are no storm conditions present. During a storm, lightning strike can occur while you use or touch a component connected to an external audio jack. In these conditions, lightning can cause injury to persons and damage to equipment. (3) In open areas, a minimum of two persons are necessary to tow the aircraft: One person operates the tow vehicle. One person is the brake person and operates the aircraft brakes from the flight compartment. (4) In small or confined areas, a minimum of five persons are necessary to tow the aircraft: One person operates the tow vehicle. One person is the brake person and operates the aircraft brakes from the flight compartment. Two persons, one at each wing end, make sure that there is sufficient clearance for the wing ends. One person makes sure that the tail of the aircraft has sufficient clearance. (5) If visual conditions are not good, the ground crew must use flashlights to give signals. (6) Make sure that the lockpin is installed in the nose landing gear (NLG) (TASK ). (7) Make sure that the lockpins are installed in the main landing gear (MLG) (TASK ). (8) Make sure that the over tow indicator pins are not bent or broken off. There is a pin on each side of the nose gear. If one of the two pins is bent or broken, do a general visual inspection after the nose landing gear (NLG) exceeds the tow limits (TASK ). If the NLG steering angle exceeds 123 degrees during the towing procedure, and the torque links are connected, you must stop the towing. Look at the over tow indicator pins. If one of the two pins is bent or broken, do a general visual inspection after the nose landing gear (NLG) exceeds the tow limits (TASK ). Page 204 Oct 11/2005

5 (9) On the nose landing gear strut, find the nose wheel position placard. Apply temporary marks at both of the 120 degree positions so that the towing director can see the nose gear turn limits. CAUTION: DO NOT MOVE THE AIRCRAFT IF A SHOCK STRUT IS FULLY COMPRESSED OR FULLY EXTENDED. DAMAGE TO THE EQUIPMENT CAN OCCUR. (10) Do a detailed inspection of the nose landing gear shock strut (extension check) (TASK ). (11) Do a detailed inspection of the main landing gear shock strut (extension check) (TASK ). (12) Make sure that the tires are correctly inflated (TASK ). (13) If required, remove the mooring equipment (TASK ). (14) Make sure that all external servicing is disconnected from the aircraft. (15) Make sure that the ground wire is disconnected from the aircraft (TASK ). (16) Make sure that the tailstand is removed. (17) Do the quantity check of the hydraulic brake accumulators (TASK ). CAUTION: BEFORE YOU TOW THE AIRCRAFT, MAKE SURE THAT THERE IS A MINIMUM LOAD OF LB (476.2 KG) ON THE NOSEWHEEL. IF YOU DO NOT DO THIS, YOU CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE AIRCRAFT. (18) A minimum load of lb (476.2 kg) is necessary on the nose wheel before you tow the aircraft. Refer to the Weight and Balance Manual (WBM ) to determine the load on the nose wheel. Add the applicable ballast as necessary. (19) On the ELECTRICAL control panel, push the L BATT and the R BATT push button annunciators (PBA). Make sure that the PBA OFF lights are off (not illuminated). On A/C TO (20) On the cursor control panel (CCP), push the CAS button to show the EICAS page on the pilot s multi function display (MFD1). On A/C AND SUBS (21) On the CCP 1, push the CAS button to show the EICAS page on the pilot s multi function display (MFD1). Page 205

6 (22) Make sure that you do not see the EICAS message NWS LIMIT EXCEEDED. If you see the EICAS message NWS LIMIT EXCEEDED, do a general visual inspection after the nose landing gear (NLG) exceeds the tow limits (TASK ). If the NLG steering angle exceeds 120 degrees during the towing procedure, and the torque links are connected, the over tow switch on the NLG will be triggered. When the switch is triggered, you will see the EICAS message NWS LIMIT EXCEEDED. You must stop the towing and do a general visual inspection after the nose landing gear (NLG) exceeds the tow limits (TASK ). (23) Make sure that the landing gear selector handle is set to the DN position. On A/C TO (24) On the CCP, push the HYD button to show the hydraulic page on the copilot s MFD. You can monitor the pressure for the left hydraulic system (inboard brake accumulator) on this page. On A/C AND SUBS (25) On the CCP 2, push the HYD button to show the hydraulic page on the copilot s MFD. You can monitor the pressure for the left hydraulic system (inboard brake accumulator) on this page. (26) On the HYDRAULIC control panel, set the L PUMP switch to ON. (27) Increase the inboard brake accumulator pressure to more than psi ( kpa). (28) Set the L PUMP switch to OFF. Page 206

7 CAUTION: DO NOT START THE HYDRAULIC PUMPS WHILE TOWING THE AIRCRAFT. IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THIS PRECAUTION, DAMAGE TO THE EQUIPMENT WILL OCCUR. (29) Do not start the hydraulic pumps while towing the aircraft. Thirty seconds after battery power is applied to the aircraft, the power up sequence for the brake control unit (BCU) starts. With the BCU powered up, if hydraulic pressure is increased to psi ( kpa), a test of the hardware monitoring/shut off valve (HMSOV) is started. One result of the HMSOV test is that the main wheel brakes will operate momentarily. Therefore, if you are towing the aircraft and you operate the hydraulic pumps, the main wheel brakes will be applied momentarily. Damage the aircraft and/or the towing equipment will occur. It is not recommended to remove battery power before towing. However, if the battery power has been removed and you have to apply battery power while towing, know this: if the hydraulic pressure is psi ( kpa) or greater, the HMSOV test will start again and the main wheel brakes will operate momentarily. Damage to the aircraft and/or the tow equipment will occur. (30) On the TAWS/LANDING GEAR control panel, push the NWS PBA and make sure that the PBA OFF light is on. The nose wheel steering (NWS) must be off during the towing of the aircraft. (31) When using a towbar for towing, do not exceed the maximum towing loads that follow: NLG Steering Angle ftow 0 degrees ±6910 lbf ( N) 10 degrees ±6910 lbf ( N) 45 degrees ±4800 lbf ( N) 95 degrees ±5000 lbf ( N) Page 207

8 E. Procedure Refer to Figure 201. WARNING: WHEN YOU PREPARE THE AIRCRAFT FOR TOWING, OBEY THE PRECAUTIONS THAT FOLLOW: - MAKE SURE THAT THE NOSEWHEEL STEERING IS SET TO THE OFF POSITION. - MAKE SURE THAT THE NOSEWHEEL IS IN THE CENTER POSITION. - MAKE SURE THAT THE EXTERNAL SERVICING EQUIPMENT IS DISCONNECTED. - MAKE SURE THAT ALL EXTERNAL DOORS AND PANELS ARE CLOSED AND LATCHED. IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THESE PRECAUTIONS, INJURY TO PERSONS AND DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT CAN OCCUR. WARNING: CAUTION: CAUTION: DURING THE OPERATION TO TOW THE AIRCRAFT, APPLY THE BRAKES ONLY FOR AN EMERGENCY STOP. YOU CAN DRAIN THE ACCUMULATOR PRESSURE WHICH CAN CAUSE THE BRAKES TO NOT OPERATE. THIS CAN CAUSE INJURY TO PERSONS OR DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT. DO NOT MOVE THE AIRCRAFT IF THE TIRES ARE FROZEN TO THE GROUND. MAKE SURE THAT THE TIRES CAN TURN FREELY BEFORE YOU MOVE THE AIRCRAFT. IF YOU DO NOT DO THIS, YOU CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE EQUIPMENT. DO NOT USE SALT OR MATERIALS THAT CAN CAUSE CORROSION TO RELEASE TIRES THAT ARE FROZEN TO THE GROUND. IF YOU DO THIS, YOU WILL CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE AIRCRAFT. (1) To do the towing of the aircraft with a towbar, do the steps that follow: (a) (b) Engage the axle engage pins on the towing head with the holes in the ends of the nose gear. Attach the towbar to the tow vehicle. Make sure that the towbar shear pin is in good condition. (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) Close and latch all external doors and panels. Remove all the wheel chocks. Tell or give a signal to the brake operator that the wheel chocks are removed. Make sure that the parking brake is released (TASK ). Tell or give a signal to the towing director that the brakes are released. Page 208

9 (h) When you tow the aircraft, control the speed with only the tow vehicle. Use the emergency/parking brakes only in an emergency. Aircraft must be towed on a flat and hard surface. (i) (j) (k) Do not stop the aircraft during a turn if it is not necessary. Do not turn the nose gear more than 120 degrees if the torque links are connected. In a hangar where clearance is decreased, nose gear steering angles of more than 120 degrees can become necessary. If so, do the steps that follow: CAUTION: DO NOT TOW THE AIRCRAFT IF THE TORQUE LINKS ON THE NOSE LANDING GEAR (NLG) SHOCK STRUT ARE DISCONNECTED AND YOU CANNOT SEE MORE THAN 3.50 INCHES OF CHROME EXTENDED ON THE OLEO PISTON. IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THIS CAUTION, YOU CAN CAUSE DAMAGE THE EQUIPMENT. 1 Make sure that you can see more than 3.50 in. of chrome extended on the shock strut. 2 Remove and discard the cotter pin (4) (TASK ). 3 Remove the nut (5), washer (3), and apex pin (1). 4 Disconnect the upper torque link (2) from the lower torque link (6). 5 Make sure that the torque links are in a safe position and they do not hit or catch. 6 Do the necessary special towing. 7 Apply a layer of grease to the apex pin (1) (TASK ). 8 Align the ends of the upper torque link (2) and the lower torque link (6) and install the apex pin (1). 9 Install the washer (3) and the nut (5). 10 Torque the nut (5) from 30 to 35 lbf in (3.39 to 3.95 Nm) (TASK ). 11 Safety the nut (5) with a new cotter pin (4) (TASK ). (l) At the end of the towing, move the aircraft forward or rearward in a straight line for a short distance. This is necessary to remove twist forces from the landing gear before you stop the aircraft. Page 209

10 (m) When the aircraft is in the correct position, stop the aircraft slowly with the tow vehicle. WARNING: MAKE SURE THAT THE WHEEL CHOCKS ARE PUT AT THE MAIN WHEEL/TIRE ASSEMBLIES. MOVEMENT OF THE AIRCRAFT CAN CAUSE INJURY TO PERSONS AND DAMAGE TO THE EQUIPMENT. (n) (o) (p) (q) (r) (s) (t) (u) Put the wheel chocks at the main wheels. Disconnect the towbar from the tow tractor. Move the towbar with your hands to align the nose landing gear in a longitudinal direction. Disconnect the towbar from the nose landing gear. Make sure that you do not see the EICAS message, NWS LIMIT EXCEEDED. If you see the EICAS message NWS LIMIT EXCEEDED, do a general visual inspection after the nose landing gear (NLG) exceeds the tow limits (TASK ). Push the L BATT PBA and the R BATT PBA. Make sure that the over tow indicator pins are not bent or broken off. There is a pin on each side of the nose gear. If one of the two pins is bent or broken, do a general visual inspection after the nose landing gear (NLG) exceeds the tow limits (TASK ). If necessary, disconnect the headset from the service interphone unit. (2) To do the towbarless towing of the aircraft, do the steps that follow: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Do a visual inspection of the strut strap for possible damage. See if the protective sleeve is worn through. Look for abrasive material on the Strut strap that could damage the chrome surface on the oleo piston. Do not use a strut strap that is damaged. Replace the winch strap and the strut strap at the interval specified in the LEKTRO owner s manual, part 2. Visually inspect the overlay and the winch cut off switch plate to make sure that the teflon surface is not damaged. Position the towbarless towing vehicle so that the cradle is in line with and directly in front of the nose landing gear tires. Install the strut strap around the chromed surface of the oleo piston. Never allow the strut strap to be around the outer cylinder above the oleo piston. Remove the wheel chocks and make sure that the wheels are free from blockage. Page 210

11 (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) Tell or give a signal to the brake operator that the wheel chocks are removed. Make sure that the parking brake is released (TASK ). Tell or give a signal to the towing director that the brakes are released. Make sure that the NLG steering angle is at 0±5 degrees. Make sure that the steering angle remains within this limit as the NLG is pulled onto the cradle of the tow vehicle. Tell or give a signal to the brake operator that the NLG is going to be winched onto the cradle. Winch the NLG onto the cradle. The NLG will stop when the tires reach the winch cut off switch plate. (m) Raise front edge of the cradle approximately 3 in (7.61 cm). The cradle height must not exceed 4 in (10.16 cm). (n) When you tow the aircraft, control the speed with only the tow vehicle. Use the emergency/parking brakes only in an emergency. Aircraft must be towed on an even and hard surface. (o) (p) (q) Do not turn the nose gear more than 120 degrees. Do not stop the aircraft during a turn if it is not necessary. While moving the aircraft in an aft direction, if there is an emergency and the brakes are use to stop the aircraft, the condition that follows may occur. The NLG wheels may raise up off of the cradle and then come down. If the condition occurs, stop the towing immediately. Do a visual inspection of the NLG components that follow for damage: Tires (Inspect the chine carefully) Wheels (Inspect the beads carefully) Piston Chrome Axles Lower Torque Link. Page 211

12 CAUTION: STOP THE TOWING IF AT ANY TIME THE NLG STEERING ANGLE DOES NOT FOLLOW THE MOVEMENT OF THE CRADLE ON THE TOWBARLESS TOWING VEHICLE. IF YOU DO NOT STOP THE TOWING IMMEDIATELY, YOU CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE AIRCRAFT AND THE TOWING EQUIPMENT. (r) If the NLG steering angle does not follow the cradle movement, the NLG will pivot in the cradle which can cause one of the tires to roll off the cradle. If this condition occurs you must stop the towing immediately and the NLG tires (TASK ) and wheels (CMM ) must be inspected for damage. Use this towing procedure to put the NLG back in the correct position on the cradle and then continue the towing. If the NWS PBA, on the TAWS/LANDING GEAR control panel, has not been set to off, the NLG steering angle will not follow the cradle movement. Make sure that the nose wheel steering is off. (s) (t) During towing, if the angle between the towbarless towing vehicle and the center line of the aircraft exceeds 45 degrees and the NWS has not been set to off, the towing must be stopped immediately. The NLG assembly must be removed from the aircraft and inspected for damage (TASK ). The NLG aircraft attachment points must be inspected for structural damage (SRM ). At the end of the towing, move the aircraft forward or rearward in a straight line for a short distance. This is necessary to remove twist forces from the landing gear before you stop the aircraft. (u) (v) When the aircraft is in the correct position, stop the aircraft slowly with the tow vehicle. Lower the front edge of the cradle to ground level. WARNING: MAKE SURE THAT THE WHEEL CHOCKS ARE PUT AT THE MAIN WHEEL/TIRE ASSEMBLIES. MOVEMENT OF THE AIRCRAFT CAN CAUSE INJURY TO PERSONS AND DAMAGE TO THE EQUIPMENT. (w) (x) (y) (z) Put the wheel chocks at the main wheels. Tell or give a signal to the towing director that the wheel chocks are in position. Set the parking brake (TASK ). Release the tension on the strut strap. (aa) Disconnect the winch strap from the strut strap. (ab) Slowly back the tow vehicle up so that the cradle moves out from under the NLG. Page 212

13 F. Closeout (ac) Remove the strut strap from the NLG. (ad) Release the parking brake (TASK ). (ae) Make sure that you do not see the EICAS message NWS LIMIT EXCEEDED. If you see the EICAS message NWS LIMIT EXCEEDED, do a general visual inspection after the nose landing gear (NLG) exceeds the tow limits (TASK ). (af) Push the L BATT PBA and the R BATT PBA. (ag) Make sure that the over tow indicator pins are not bent or broken off. There is a pin on each side of the nose gear. If one of the two pins is bent or broken, do a general visual inspection after the nose landing gear exceeds the tow limits (TASK ). (ah) If necessary, disconnect the headset from the service interphone unit. (1) Remove all tools, equipment, and unwanted materials from the work area. Page 213

14 A B C A NOSE WHEEL POSITION PLACARD B 120 CMM _001 Towing Maintenance Practices Figure 201 (Sheet 1 of 7) Page 214

15 OVER TOW INDICATOR PIN OVER TOW SWITCH C CMM _002 Towing Maintenance Practices Figure 201 (Sheet 2 of 7) Page 215

16 MFD1 MFD2 MFD1 MFD2 E F G D K E G K D HYDRAULIC CONTROL PANEL D EFFECTIVITY 01 A/C to A/C and Subs ELECTRICAL CONTROL PANEL E CMM _003 Towing Maintenance Practices Figure 201 (Sheet 3 of 7) Page 216 Jul 29/2009

17 CURSOR CONTROL PANEL F TAWS/LANDING GEAR CONTROL PANEL G H HDPH MIC NOSE COMPARTMENT SERVICE INTERPHONE UNIT H CMM _004 Towing Maintenance Practices Figure 201 (Sheet 4 of 7) Page 217

18 I TOWBAR SHEAR PIN UPPER TORQUE LINK J LOWER TORQUE LINK TOWBAR TOWING THE AIRCRAFT WITH A TOWBAR I AXLE ENGAGEMENT PIN CMM _005 Towing Maintenance Practices Figure 201 (Sheet 5 of 7) Page 218

19 TOWBARLESS TOW VEHICLE WINCH STRAP WINCH CUT OFF SWITCH PLATE STRUT STRAP NOSE LANDING GEAR CRADLE TOWBARLESS TOWING OF THE AIRCRAFT I CMM _006 Towing Maintenance Practices Figure 201 (Sheet 6 of 7) Page 219

20 J CURSOR CONTROL PANEL K CMM _007 Towing Maintenance Practices Figure 201 (Sheet 7 of 7) Page 220 Jul 29/2009

21 TASK Push Back Procedure for the Aircraft A. Personnel In open areas, a minimum of two persons are necessary to do this task. In small or confined areas, a minimum of five persons are necessary to do this task (refer to Setup). B. Reference Information REFERENCE TASK TASK TASK TASK TASK TASK TASK TASK TASK TASK TASK TASK TASK TASK TASK DESIGNATION General Visual Inspection After Nose Landing Gear (NLG) Exceeds Tow Limits Grounding of the Aircraft Installation of the Lockpin in the Nose Landing Gear (NLG) Installation of the Lockpins in the Main Landing Gear (MLG) Mooring Quantity Check of the Brake, Downlock Assist and auxiliary Hydraulic System Accumulators Servicing of the Tires Lubrication of the Nose Landing Gear and Components Torquing of Threaded Fasteners Removal of Cotter Pins Installation of Cotter Pins Extension Check of the Main Landing Gear (MLG) Shock Strut Detailed Inspection of the Nose Landing Gear (NLG) Assembly Extension Check of the Nose Landing Gear (NLG) Shock Strut General Visual Inspection of the Nose Landing Gear (NLG) Tires Page 221

22 REFERENCE TASK TASK WBM CMM SRM Set the Parking Brake DESIGNATION Release the Parking Brake Weight and Balance Manual Nose Landing Gear Wheel Assembly Nose Landing Gear (NLG) Support Structure FS to FS Allowable Damage C. Tools and Equipment REFERENCE GSE 09C GSE 09C GSE GSE GSE 23X Commercially Available Commercially Available Commercially available Towbar Attachment Head Towbar Wheel Chocks, Rubber Cord, Headset Extension DESIGNATION Headset With Mic, Ground Crew Strut Strap, LEKTRO CL 300 Choker, P/N APM403W Flashlight Wrench, Torque (refer to procedure for the correct range) Refer to the Illustrated Tool and Equipment Manual to make sure that you use the correct equipment configuration. Page 222 Jul 29/2009

23 D. Setup CAUTION: WHEN YOU TOW THE AIRCRAFT, OBEY THE PRECAUTIONS THAT FOLLOW: - OBEY ALL LOCAL AIRPORT REGULATIONS. - APPLY TOWBAR LOADS SLOWLY AND CAREFULLY. - MAKE ALL CHANGES TO THE SPEED OR THE DIRECTION SLOWLY. - KEEP THE TURNS AS LARGE AS POSSIBLE. - DO NOT USE THE AIRCRAFT BRAKES TO STOP THE AIRCRAFT UNLESS THERE IS AN EMERGENCY. - DO NOT TOW THE AIRCRAFT IN A FORWARD DIRECTION AT MORE THAN 5 MPH (8 KM/H). - DO NOT MOVE THE AIRCRAFT REARWARD AT MORE THAN 3 MPH (5 KM/H). - MAKE SURE THAT YOU PUT THE NOSEWHEEL IN THE CENTER POSITION BEFORE THE AIRCRAFT IS PARKED. - DO NOT START THE HYDRAULIC PUMPS WHILE TOWING THE AIRCRAFT. - MOVE THE AIRCRAFT VERY SLOWLY DURING TURNS OF 45 TO 90 DEGREES. THIS WILL KEEP THE SIDE LOAD ON THE NOSE LANDING GEAR TO A MINIMUM. - DO NOT APPLY MORE THAN LBF IN (2 410 NM) OF TORQUE ALONG THE SHOCK STRUT AXIS. IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THESE PRECAUTIONS, DAMAGE TO THE EQUIPMENT CAN OCCUR. The person who operates the tow vehicle is referred to as the towing director. This person controls the towing operation. (1) Make sure that the towing director can hear, speak to, or get signals from the ground crew. WARNING: DO NOT USE EXTERNAL AUDIO JACKS WHEN TOWING THE AIRCRAFT IN AN OPEN AREA AND THERE IS A STORM. LIGHTNING CAN CAUSE INJURY TO PERSONS AND DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT. (2) If available, and under the condition that follows, use the ground crew headset with mic at the service interphone unit. (a) If you push back the aircraft in an open area while using the external audio jack, make sure that there are no storm conditions present. During a storm, lightning strike can occur while you use or touch a component connected to an external audio jack. In these conditions, lightning can cause injury to persons and damage the equipment. Page 223

24 (3) In open areas, a minimum of two persons are necessary to push back the aircraft: One person operates the tow vehicle. One person is the brake person and operates the aircraft brakes from the flight compartment. (4) In small or confined areas, a minimum of five persons are necessary to push back the aircraft: One person operates the tow vehicle. One person is the brake person and operates the aircraft brakes from the flight compartment. Two persons, one at each wing end, make sure that there is sufficient clearance for the wing ends. One person makes sure that the tail of the aircraft has sufficient clearance. (5) If visual conditions are not good, the ground crew must use flashlights to give signals. (6) Make sure that the lockpin is installed in the nose landing gear (NLG) (TASK ). (7) Make sure that the lockpins are installed in the main landing gear (MLG) (TASK ). (8) Make sure that the over tow indicator pins are not bent or broken off. There is a pin on each side of the nose gear. If one of the two pins is bent or broken, do a general visual inspection after the nose landing gear (NLG) exceeds the tow limits (TASK ). If the NLG steering angle exceeds 123 degrees during the push back procedure, and the torque links are connected, you must stop to push back the aircraft. Look at the over tow indicator pins. If one of the two pins is bent or broken, do a general visual inspection after the nose landing gear (NLG) exceeds the tow limits. (9) On the nose landing gear strut, find the nose wheel position placard. Apply temporary marks at both of the 120 degree positions so that the towing director can see the nose gear turn limits. CAUTION: DO NOT MOVE THE AIRCRAFT IF A SHOCK STRUT IS FULLY COMPRESSED OR FULLY EXTENDED. DAMAGE TO THE EQUIPMENT CAN OCCUR. (10) Do a detailed inspection of the nose landing gear shock strut (extension check) (TASK ). (11) Do a detailed inspection of the main landing gear shock strut (extension check) (TASK ). (12) Make sure that the tires are correctly inflated (TASK ). Page 224

25 (13) If required, remove the mooring equipment (TASK ). (14) Make sure that all external servicing is disconnected from the aircraft. (15) Make sure that the ground wire is disconnected from the aircraft (TASK ). (16) Make sure that the tailstand is removed. (17) Do the quantity check of the hydraulic brake accumulators (TASK ). CAUTION: BEFORE YOU TOW THE AIRCRAFT, MAKE SURE THAT THERE IS A MINIMUM LOAD OF LB (476.2 KG) ON THE NOSEWHEEL. IF YOU DO NOT DO THIS, YOU CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE AIRCRAFT. (18) A minimum load of lb (476.2 kg) is necessary on the nose wheel before you push back the aircraft. Refer to the Weight and Balance Manual (WBM ) to determine the load on the nose wheel. Add the applicable ballast as necessary. (19) On the ELECTRICAL control panel, push the L BATT and the R BATT push button annunciators (PBA). Make sure that the PBA OFF lights are off (not illuminated). On A/C TO (20) On the cursor control panel (CCP), push the CAS button to show the EICAS page on the pilot s multi function display (MFD 1). On A/C AND SUBS (21) On the CCP 1, push the CAS button to show the EICAS page on the pilot s multi function display (MFD 1). (22) Make sure that you do not see the EICAS message NWS LIMIT EXCEEDED. If you see the EICAS message NWS LIMIT EXCEEDED, do a general visual inspection after the nose landing gear (NLG) exceeds the tow limits (TASK ). If the NLG steering angle exceeds 120 degrees during the push back procedure, and the torque links are connected, the over tow switch on the NLG will be triggered. When the switch is triggered, you the EICAS message NWS LIMIT EXCEEDED. You must stop the pushing back and do a general visual inspection after the nose landing gear (NLG) exceeds the tow limits. (23) Make sure that the landing gear selector handle is set to the DN position. On A/C TO (24) On the CCP, push the HYD button to show the hydraulic page on the copilot s MFD. You can monitor the pressure for the left hydraulic system (inboard brake accumulator) on this page. Page 225

26 On A/C AND SUBS (25) On the CCP 2, push the HYD button to show the hydraulic page on the copilot s MFD. You can monitor the pressure for the left hydraulic system (inboard brake accumulator) on this page. (26) On the HYDRAULIC control panel, set the L PUMP switch to ON. (27) Increase the inboard brake accumulator pressure to more than psi ( kpa). (28) Set the L PUMP switch to OFF. CAUTION: DO NOT START THE HYDRAULIC PUMPS WHILE TOWING THE AIRCRAFT. IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THIS PRECAUTION, DAMAGE TO THE EQUIPMENT WILL OCCUR. (29) Do not start the hydraulic pumps while pushing back the aircraft. Thirty seconds after battery power is applied to the aircraft, the power up sequence for the brake control unit (BCU) starts. With the BCU powered up, if hydraulic pressure is increased to psi ( kpa), a test of the hardware monitoring/shut off valve (HMSOV) is started. One result of the HMSOV test is that the main wheel brakes will operate momentarily. Therefore, if you push back the aircraft and you operate the hydraulic pumps, the main wheel brakes will be applied momentarily. Damage the aircraft and/or the towing equipment will occur. It is not recommended to remove battery power before pushing back the aircraft. However, if the battery power has been removed and you have to apply battery power while pushing back, know this: if the hydraulic pressure is psi ( kpa) or greater, the HMSOV test will start again and the main wheel brakes will operate momentarily. Damage to the aircraft and/or the tow equipment will occur. (30) On the TAWS/LANDING GEAR control panel, push the NWS PBA and make sure that the PBA OFF light is on. The nose wheel steering (NWS) must be off during the push back the aircraft. (31) When using a towbar for push back, do not exceed the maximum towing loads that follow: NLG STEERING ANGLE TOWING FORCE 0 degrees ±6 910 lbf ( N) 10 degrees ±6 910 lbf ( N) Page 226

27 NLG STEERING ANGLE TOWING FORCE 45 degrees ±4 800 lbf ( N) 95 degrees ±5 000 lbf ( N) E. Procedure Refer to Figure 202. WARNING: WHEN YOU PREPARE THE AIRCRAFT FOR TOWING, OBEY THE PRECAUTIONS THAT FOLLOW: - MAKE SURE THAT THE NOSEWHEEL STEERING IS SET TO THE OFF POSITION. - MAKE SURE THAT THE NOSEWHEEL IS IN THE CENTER POSITION. - MAKE SURE THAT THE EXTERNAL SERVICING EQUIPMENT IS DISCONNECTED. - MAKE SURE THAT ALL EXTERNAL DOORS AND PANELS ARE CLOSED AND LATCHED. IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THESE PRECAUTIONS, INJURY TO PERSONS AND DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT CAN OCCUR. WARNING: CAUTION: CAUTION: DURING THE OPERATION TO TOW THE AIRCRAFT, APPLY THE BRAKES ONLY FOR AN EMERGENCY STOP. YOU CAN DRAIN THE ACCUMULATOR PRESSURE WHICH CAN CAUSE THE BRAKES TO NOT OPERATE. THIS CAN CAUSE INJURY TO PERSONS OR DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT. DO NOT MOVE THE AIRCRAFT IF THE TIRES ARE FROZEN TO THE GROUND. MAKE SURE THAT THE TIRES CAN TURN FREELY BEFORE YOU MOVE THE AIRCRAFT. IF YOU DO NOT DO THIS, YOU CAN CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE EQUIPMENT. DO NOT USE SALT OR MATERIALS THAT CAN CAUSE CORROSION TO RELEASE TIRES THAT ARE FROZEN TO THE GROUND. IF YOU DO THIS, YOU WILL CAUSE DAMAGE TO THE AIRCRAFT. (1) To push back the aircraft with a towbar, do the procedure that follows: (a) (b) Engage the axle engage pins on the towing head with the holes in the ends of the nose gear. Attach the towbar to the tow vehicle. Make sure that the towbar shear pin is in good condition. (c) Close and latch all external doors and panels. Page 227

28 (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) Remove all the wheel chocks. Tell or give a signal to the brake operator that the wheel chocks are removed. Make sure that the parking brake is released (TASK ). Tell or give a signal to the towing director that the brakes are released. When you push back the aircraft, control the speed with only the tow vehicle. Use the emergency/parking brakes only in an emergency. Do not stop the aircraft during a turn if it is not necessary. Do not turn the nose gear more than 120 degrees if the torque links are connected. In a hangar where clearance is decreased, nose gear steering angles of more than 120 degrees can become necessary. If so, do the steps that follow: CAUTION: DO NOT TOW THE AIRCRAFT IF THE TORQUE LINKS ON THE NOSE LANDING GEAR (NLG) SHOCK STRUT ARE DISCONNECTED AND YOU CANNOT SEE MORE THAN 3.50 INCHES OF CHROME EXTENDED ON THE OLEO PISTON. IF YOU DO NOT OBEY THIS CAUTION, YOU CAN CAUSE DAMAGE THE EQUIPMENT. 1 Make sure that you can see more than 3.50 in. of chrome extended on the shock strut. 2 Remove and discard the cotter pin (4) (TASK ). 3 Remove the nut (5), washer (3), and apex pin (1). 4 Disconnect the upper torque link (2) from the lower torque link (6). 5 Make sure that the torque links are in a safe position and they do not hit or catch. 6 Do the necessary push back procedure with torque links disconnected. 7 Apply a layer of grease to the apex pin (1) (TASK ). 8 Align the ends of the upper torque link (2) and the lower torque link (6) and install the apex pin (1). 9 Install the washer (3) and the nut (5). 10 Torque the nut (5) from 30 to 35 lbf in (3.39 to 3.95 Nm) (TASK ). 11 Safety the nut (5) with a new cotter pin (4) (TASK ). Page 228

29 (l) At the end of the push back procedure, move the aircraft forward or rearward in a straight line for a short distance. This is necessary to remove twist forces from the landing gear before you stop the aircraft. (m) When the aircraft is in the correct position, stop the aircraft slowly with the tow vehicle. WARNING: MAKE SURE THAT THE WHEEL CHOCKS ARE PUT AT THE MAIN WHEEL/TIRE ASSEMBLIES. MOVEMENT OF THE AIRCRAFT CAN CAUSE INJURY TO PERSONS AND DAMAGE TO THE EQUIPMENT. (n) (o) (p) (q) (r) (s) (t) (u) Put the wheel chocks at the main wheels. Disconnect the towbar from the tow vehicle. Move the towbar with your hands to align the nose landing gear in a longitudinal direction. Disconnect the towbar from the nose landing gear. Make sure that you do not see the EICAS message, NWS LIMIT EXCEEDED. If you see the EICAS message NWS LIMIT EXCEEDED, do a general visual inspection after the nose landing gear (NLG) exceeds the tow limits (TASK ). Push the L BATT PBA and the R BATT PBA. Make sure that the over tow indicator pins are not bent or broken off. There is a pin on each side of the nose gear. If one of the two pins is bent or broken, do a general visual inspection after the nose landing gear (NLG) exceeds the tow limits (TASK ). If necessary, disconnect the headset from the service interphone unit. F. Closeout (1) Remove all tools, equipment, and unwanted materials from the work area. Page 229

30 A B C A NOSE WHEEL POSITION PLACARD B 120 CMM _001 Push Back Procedure Maintenance Practices Figure 202 (Sheet 1 of 7) Page 230

31 OVER TOW INDICATOR PIN OVER TOW SWITCH C CMM _002 Push Back Procedure Maintenance Practices Figure 202 (Sheet 2 of 7) Page 231

32 MFD1 MFD2 MFD1 MFD2 E F G D K E G K D HYDRAULIC CONTROL PANEL D EFFECTIVITY 01 A/C to A/C and Subs ELECTRICAL CONTROL PANEL E CMM _003 Push Back Procedure Maintenance Practices Figure 202 (Sheet 3 of 7) Page 232 Jul 29/2009

33 CURSOR CONTROL PANEL F TAWS/LANDING GEAR CONTROL PANEL G H HDPH MIC NOSE COMPARTMENT SERVICE INTERPHONE UNIT H CMM _004 Push Back Procedure Maintenance Practices Figure 202 (Sheet 4 of 7) Page 233

34 I TOWBAR SHEAR PIN UPPER TORQUE LINK J LOWER TORQUE LINK TOWBAR TOWING THE AIRCRAFT WITH A TOWBAR I AXLE ENGAGEMENT PIN CMM _005 Push Back Procedure Maintenance Practices Figure 202 (Sheet 5 of 7) Page 234

35 TOWBARLESS TOW VEHICLE WINCH STRAP WINCH CUT OFF SWITCH PLATE STRUT STRAP NOSE LANDING GEAR CRADLE TOWBARLESS TOWING OF THE AIRCRAFT I CMM _006 Push Back Procedure Maintenance Practices Figure 202 (Sheet 6 of 7) Page 235

36 J CURSOR CONTROL PANEL K CMM _007 Push Back Procedure Maintenance Practices Figure 202 (Sheet 7 of 7) Page 236 Jul 29/2009