Outline. European Power System context. RES & Smart Grids. Highlighted projects. Conclusion & Discussion

Transcription

1 Outline European Power System context RES & Smart Grids Highlighted projects Conclusion & Discussion / Electrical Engineering Department / Electrical Energy Systems Group PAGE 1

2 European Power System context The evolution of the power system US Electricity Legislation Smart Grids 102 nd Congress Energy Policy Act Midwest ISO founded California ISO founded 109 th Congress Energy Policy Act American Recovery and Reinvestment Act ARRA st European Directive (96/92/EC) 2 nd European Directive (2003/54/EC) Directive Border Trade (1228/2003/EC) Congestion Management Guidelines 3 rd Energy Package New Directive, Regulation, ACER European Electricity Legislation S. M. Amin, Balancing market priorities with security issues, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, vol. 2, no. 4, pp , PAGE / EES 2- Electrical Engineering

3 European Power System context power flow value flow Trade Balancing Primary energy Imports Large scale generation Small scale generation Transmission Distribution Exports Large-scale prosumers consumer Small-scale prosumers consumer Source: Kling, 2002 PAGE 3

4 European Power System context Further decoupling of technology and economic value chain Liberalization of Liberalization of production production and sales G1 G2 Gn Bulk trading G1 G2 Gn Wholesale and bulk trading Transmission Transmission Distribution Large cons. Distribution Large cons. Retail Small consumers Small consumers Electricity flow Financial flow Electrical Energy Systems PAGE 4

5 European Power System context RES can be integrated in the liberalized electricity market in three ways: 1. Behind the grid connection/electricity meter of a small consumer to reduce amount of electricity bought elsewhere (of course no energy saving) 2. With a separate connection and meter, electricity is sold to retail company normally at fixed price 3. Combined in a large (virtual or physical) group;; electricity sold at wholesale level, sometimes but not necessarily at fixed price (in case of virtual group outer market payments from wholesaler to owner) Electrical Energy Systems PAGE 5

6 European Power System context Decoupling of technology and value chain for RES G1 G2 Gn Wholesale and bulk trading Option 3 Grouped at wholesale level Transmission Payments outside electricity market Distribution Large cons. Retail Option 2 Sales to retailer Small consumers Option 1 Behind the meter Market integration Technical integration/grid connection Electrical Energy Systems PAGE 6

7 RES & Smart Grids System problems: - Balancing supply-demand at all times - Lack of grid inertia Bi-directional power flows - Current/power congestions - Protection scheme Voltage variation - Fast frequency: flicker - Slow frequency: over/under voltage - Voltage unbalance / Electrical Engineering Department / Electrical Energy Systems Group PAGE 7

8 RES & Smart Grids Need for Centralized control Control effort Current situation Decentralized control Transmission system Distribution system Distribution system PAGE

9 RES & Smart Grids q Development of Smart Grids in Europe Smart grid projects outlook 2014 ( grids- observatory): 459 smart grid projects from 2002; 3.15 billion investment; SG European T echnology Platform SGs Task F orces / EES PAGE 9- Electrical Engineering

10 RES & Smart Grids No common definition of Smart Grids, but Smart Grid Framework National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST): Framework ver 1.0 and 2.0. CEN-SENELEC-ETSI adopted and extended the Framework for EU context. CEN-CENELEC-ETSI. Smart Grid Reference Architecture. Smart Grid Coordination Group, PAGE

11 RES & Smart Grids The Smart Grid Context: everything is connected Generation Transmission µ-grid Distribution Generation Customer LAN LAN LAN FAN HAN MAN Generation Control Transmission Control WAN Market Signals Distribution Control NAN/EAN TMN AMI HAN Telecommunication Management System HAN Smart Grid A Cyber-Physical System

12 RES & Smart Grids

13 RES & Smart Grids becoming quite complex Smart Grids PAGE / EES 13- Electrical Engineering

14 RES & Smart Grids Demand Response: Flexibility vs. Uncertainty PAGE / EES 14- Electrical Engineering

15 FP7 INCREASE project 13 partners 4 different countries Request EC budget: 3M Duration: Sept Dec Overlaying control Local control Scheduling control / Electrical Engineering Department / Electrical Energy Systems Group PAGE 15

16 FP7 INCREASE project MAS features Scalability Flexibility Distribution Aggregator - Grid agents Benefits Complementary to SCADA Complementary to the local control Preventive behavior DRES / prosumer agents DG PV / Electrical Engineering Department / Electrical Energy Systems Group PAGE 16

17 FP7 INCREASE project Problem formulation MV LV 1 P L 1 Feeder a i P L i 1 P inj i P inj MPP P inverter Inverter 1 MPP P inverter Inverter i droop P inverter droop P inverter V pcb = V[ pu] V pcb = V[ pu] Financial compensation?! Technical control solution?! / Electrical Engineering Department / Electrical Energy Systems Group PAGE 17

18 FP7 INCREASE project Variable irradiation Local control Overlaying control / Electrical Engineering Department / Electrical Energy Systems Group PAGE 18

19 PowerMatching City II Multi- objective Optimization PAGE 19

20 Energy Market in the Home Power Demand Curve 100 Power Price Equilibrium Power Power Supply Curve 60 In Home Market Power Price Price Price 10 PV mchp Dish Washer Washing Machine PAGE 20

21 Local Aggregation in Suburban Market Suburban Market In Home Market PV mchp Dish Washer Washing Machine PAGE 21

22 Central and Local Market Price PAGE 22

23 Uncontrolled Load Duration Curve on a Distribution Station of a Virtual DSO Assets must be sized based on peak power demand. PAGE 23

24 End Result Desired Load Duration Curve via Active Capacity Management PAGE 24

25 NWO project DISPATCH 3 academic & 10 industry partners Budget: 1M ( 700K subsidy) Duration: / Electrical Engineering Department / Electrical Energy Systems Group PAGE 25

26 NWO project DISPATCH EM/DSM Supply Demand Uncertainty Flexibility Balancing Framework Markets Regulations DSM/DR DSOs TSO EMS/PFC Producers Consumers Flexibility Uncertainty Distribution networks Trans. sys. / Electrical Energy Systems PAGE

27 EES lab 4 postdocs 9 PhDs 19 MSc students 2 visitors Software- in- the- loop IPIN ITSF NWO DISPATCH Power Hardware- in- the- loop Real- Time Digital Simulator FP7 INCREASE / Electrical E ngineering Department / E lectrical E nergy S ystems Group PAGE 27

28 Conclusion & Discussion Smart Grids ~= Power Systems + Power Electronics + ICT Investment on grid infrastructure vs. ICT Centralized vs. Decentralized Control Flexibility from Demand Response can be an alternative / Electrical Engineering Department / Electrical Energy Systems Group PAGE 28

29 Thank you!