PEVs: The Smart Grid Killer App. Chris Chen San Diego Gas & Electric

Transcription

1 PEVs: The Smart Grid Killer App Chris Chen San Diego Gas & Electric

2 Why Do PEVs Need to Integrate with the Grid? Charging Smart Charging based on grid conditions and client preferences Utility awareness, management, and control Billing/Transaction Settlement Waxman-Markey LCFS Multiple charging networks PEVs as grid accessible storage (V2G) PEVs as ancillary services

3 Potential Impacts on the Grid 4,500 Example Summer Daily Load Profile 4,000 MW 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 Worst Case PEV Load 200 MW 1,500 1,000 Best Case PEV Load 200 MW Super Off-peak Off-peak On-peak Off-peak Midnight Noon Midnight System & PEV charging load profile are for illustrative purposes only, and not intended for forecasting.

4 Distribution Impacts are Immediate Concern Interoperability required between the vehicle/evse and utility from day 1.

5 What Influences Charging Times? Price? Will greater TOU price variations drive more charging activity to off-peak periods? Technology & Information? Will enabling technology help drive charging activity to off-peak? Why? (convenience, $ savings) Do Travel Needs and Lifestyle Rule? Will daily travel needs trump the impact of TOU pricing? Does Lifestyle make TOU pricing irrelevant? AM PM

6 PEV Experimental Rates Summer Cents per kwh EV-TOU Rate 2 Rate 3 On-peak Off-peak Super Off-peak

7 Smart Charging Issues Too many unknowns to create long-term architecture Where and how will people charge? Technology Business processes (direct control vs DR vs rates, etc.) Regulation (role of utilities, regulation of third parties, etc.) Multiple control authorities (utility/consumer/vehicle)

8 Potential Utility Architectural Principles Load is load No distinction between PEVs vs. Air Conditioners vs. Pool Pumps, etc. No direct utility control of customer-owned equipment on customer premises. Substation most effective local control point given computing and security requirements.

9 Smart Charging Architecture Data and Communication Interfaces Utility Gridcomm Transformer loading and temp EMS Internet Application Cloud (e.g. PowerMeter) Smart Transformer Pr references Internet PLC EVSE

10 Harmonizing Standards Efforts SAE J1772, J2293, J2836, J2847, 2931 Physical power connection and quality Communication/messaging between vehicle and grid IEC maps closely to SAE NIST PAP 11 - Common Object Models and connectors for Electric Transportation Scheduled to be complete 9/2011 IEEE P Electric-sourced Transportation Infrastructure Began as P1809 and moved under the SmartGrid effort in August, 2010 IEEE began after the SAE and NIST efforts and is working to fill any gaps identified Smart Energy Profile 2.0 Application standard for HAN communications

11 Information Needs Control System (Vehicle/EVSE/EMS) Electricity Pricing Demand Response signals Consumer preferences Battery SOC Charger/vehicle status Fault indications Connector lock status Ready/not ready Voltage current requests/limits

12 Utility Vehicle type/id Consumption data Battery SOC Consumer preferences Charge schedule Charge session start and stop Grid (transformer) condition Information Needs

13 Information Needs Charge Station Network Operator Billing information Consumption data Battery SOC Consumer preferences Charge schedule Charge session start and stop

14 Public Infrastructure Business Model Issues Square peg in round, and very small, hole? Lack of sustainable business models Utility role Regulatory models and agendas Infrastructure ownership Allocating infrastructure costs Payment/Settlement Requirements LCFS Road taxes Bill to home