Revenue Stacking in the NEM

Transcription

1 Revenue Stacking in the NEM The Commercialisation Of Energy Storage: Revenue Streams, Present And Future Aylin Cunsolo May 2018

2 Agenda 1 Arbitrage 3 2 Ancillary Services 5 3 Government Support 20 4 Demand Side Management 25 5 Revenue Stacking Summary 30

3 1 Arbitrage

4 1. Arbitrage Wholesale Market Trading / Arbitrage Battery storage can be used to shift electricity from periods of low market value to periods of high market value. Support renewables' PPA Offtaker rights in respect of storage Mitigate MLF/ curtailment risk Renewable energy projects are increasingly interested in incorporating storage and seek to ensure projects are 'storage ready', e.g. by allowing for addition of storage under Development Approval. Arbitrage can be the base of a 'stack' of revenue, but not sufficient in itself to underpin storage project. Can impact extent to which bid in other markets/ contract for services. 5 minute settlement rule better price signal for investment in fast response technologies. 4

5 2 Ancillary Services

6 2. Ancillary Services Frequency Control Ancillary Services (FCAS) Regulation services These services are enabled to manage minor changes to system frequency within the normal operating frequency band, following small deviations in the demand / generation balance within the five minute dispatch interval. There are two types of regulation services: Regulation raise - to increase system frequency Regulation lower - to reduce system frequency. Regulation services are centrally controlled by AEMO. Registration with AEMO as an Ancillary Service Provider. Terms of provision of ancillary services are governed by the Rules. 6

7 2. Ancillary Services Frequency Control Ancillary Services (FCAS) Contingency services These services correct the generation / demand balance in response to major contingency events like the loss of a generating unit. There are six types of contingency services: Fast raise Fast lower Slow raise Slow lower Delayed raise Delayed lower. Contingency services are locally controlled and triggered by frequency deviations that follow a contingency event. 7

8 2. Ancillary Services Frequency Control Ancillary Services (FCAS) 8

9 2. Ancillary Services Frequency Control Ancillary Services (FCAS) Example: Hornsdale Power Reserve (HPR) Earlier this month HPR (only 2% of the capacity in South Australia) has already: achieved a 55% share of revenue in South Australia's FCAS market; and lowered prices by 90%. Various estimates have estimated the cost savings to consumers from the 4 months of the HPR's activity in the FCAS market alone at around AUD 35 million. South Australia is the only state that has experienced a decline in FCAS prices over the past few months. AEMO's Report on the Initial Operation of the HPR published in April concluded that "Experience shows that the HPR is capable of providing very high quality regulation FCAS". 9

10 2. Ancillary Services Frequency Control Ancillary Services (FCAS) Example: Hornsdale Power Reserve (HPR) 10

11 2. Ancillary Services Frequency Control Ancillary Services (FCAS) Example: Hornsdale Power Reserve (HPR) 11

12 2. Ancillary Services Frequency Control Ancillary Services (FCAS) Example: Hornsdale Power Reserve (HPR) 12

13 2. Ancillary Services Frequency Control Ancillary Services (FCAS) Contribution of fast response technologies not sufficiently valued Tesla claims it has not been paid for more than a third of the FCAS its batteries have provided in SA because it too fast to be counted! "Tesla estimates that the Hornsdale Power Reserve battery has delivered 30 to 40 percent of its services to frequency markets without being paid due to existing AEMO technical specifications being written based on fossil fuel generation assets," "This makes it difficult for the full value of fast-responding technologies to be recognised in the current contingency FCAS markets." FCAS revenue perceived too uncertain to 'bank'. No mechanism to hedge risk of volatility. 13

14 2. Ancillary Services Frequency Control Ancillary Services (FCAS) Reform: New Market for Fast Frequency Response? AEMC considering introducing fast frequency response (FFR) market to reduce the need for physical inertia and incentivise fast response technology as large synchronous generators (such as coal plants) leave the system. While not a direct replacement, FFR could reduce the need for physical inertia. This is conceptually similar to the contingency services market. But would need to occur at the timescale of milliseconds, rather than six seconds. 14

15 2. Ancillary Services Frequency Control Ancillary Services (FCAS) The AEMC Draft Report of its Frequency Control Frameworks Review notes that: "Although FFR services could be procured through the existing six second contingency service, this does not necessarily recognise any enhanced value that might be associated with the faster response." The Draft Report concludes that: "The Commission considers that introducing an additional FFR market would increase the granularity of the FCAS markets and therefore may provide better price signals for the value of fast response services." Submissions on the report have now closed. Final report due in July

16 2. Ancillary Services Network Support & Control Ancillary Services (NSCAS) NSCAS are used to control voltage at different points along the network to within prescribed standards and to keep power flow within physical limitations. There are two types of NCAS: loadshed reactive power Four types of revenue: Availability payments Enabling payments Usage payments Testing payments 16

17 2. Ancillary Services Network Support & Control Ancillary Services (NSCAS) AEMO enters into long term agreements with Participants for NSCAS. AEMO and the Participant agree to a price in these contracts. Participants do not have to be registered with AEMO to provide NSCAS. NSCAS appears to be a less likely priority application for battery storage as there is limited potential to access material revenue from this service. However, it is possible for batteries providing NSCAS to provide (and receive revenue from) other services. For example, it is intended that the SA government's component of Hornsdale Power Reserve will provide NSCAS and SRAS. 17

18 2. Ancillary Services System Restart Ancillary Services (SRAS) SRAS enable the power system to be restarted following a black-out. Types of revenue: Availability payments Usage payments Testing payments AEMO enters into three year agreements with Participants for SRAS through a tender process. AEMO and the Participant agree to a price in these contracts. The ability to provide other services is limited as SRAS may require battery storage capacity to be reserved at all times. 18

19 2. Ancillary Services FCAS, NSCAS and SRAS Payments

20 3 Government Support

21 3. Government Support Government Contractual Payments Capacity Payments Potential to enter into contracts with government to provide battery or storage capacity. SA Govt battery storage tender - contract for the Hornsdale Power Reserve being built by Tesla. It is estimated that the South Australian Government pays Neoen (battery owner) fixed amounts of AUD $50 million over 10 years and Neoen must reserve 70MW of battery capacity for SA government to use for dispatchable power and various ancillary services. E.g.: Neoen to retain 30MW which it can use for own profit, e.g. from FCAS and spot price arbitrage. Storage tender processes run in other jurisdictions, including Victoria, Queensland and NT. 21

22 3. Government Support Government Grant Opportunities The Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) ARENA provides funding for projects that accelerate Australia's shift to secure, affordable and reliable renewable energy. Type of revenue: funding (for either development or a feasibility study). For example: ARENA provided AUD 20.9 million to the DeGrussa solar project, which involved building a battery capable of 6 MW storage and a 10MW solar PV power plant. ARENA will contribute AUD 12 million to the AUD 30 million 30MW/8MWh battery at the Dalrymple station, built by ElectraNet, north of Yorketown on Yorke Peninsula to strengthen the regional grid, which will be operational by May The battery will supply network frequency security services and provide power to the NEM. 22

23 3. Government Support Government Grant Opportunities States and Territories ACT: AUD 25 million of funds pledged in the Next Generation Energy Storage Program (one of the largest household battery storage programs in the world) Aiming to provide batteries to over 5000 homes, businesses by 2020 Vic: AUD 25 million Energy Storage Initiative: Victoria's first two largescale, grid-connected batteries will together deliver 55MW of power and can provide approximately 80MWh of energy storage capacity. Plus AUD 25 million from ARENA as per previous slide. Qld: in August 2017, the Queensland Government opened up early registration for companies to bid in a reverse auction to build up to 100MW of energy storage by 2020, as part of its Powering Queensland Plan (as part of a broader 400MW solar and storage auction). 23

24 3. Government Support Government Grant Opportunities States and Territories NT: EOIs to build 25-45MW of larges-scale energy storage to support the electricity grid in Darwin and Katherine SA: Tilt Renewables have announced plans to build a 21MW/26MWh battery alongside a new solar farm in Snowtown. The Project was supported by the South Australian Government's Renewable Technology Fund. 24

25 4 Demand Side Management

26 4. Demand Side Management Demand Side Management Incentive Scheme On 14 December 2017, the AER published its demand management incentive scheme (Scheme) and innovation allowance mechanism (Mechanism). The Scheme's objective is to provide electricity distribution businesses with an incentive to undertake efficient expenditure on non-network options relating to demand management. Provides incentives for network businesses to use alternatives to 'poles and wires' where these can address system constraints at the least cost to consumers. 3 April 2018 AEMC made rule change to allow DNSP early access to Scheme, during current regulatory control period. The final rule will allow for the benefits of the Scheme to be realised sooner than otherwise possible without incurring significant additional costs. 26

27 4. Demand Side Management Demand Side Management NSP Investment AusNet are running a "Mini Grid" (aka "Microgrid") trial in Mooroolbark (a suburb in outer eastern Melbourne) made up of individual customers who have the capability to generate, store and export power. 27

28 4. Demand Side Management Behind The Meter Applications Growing interest in utility scale behind the meter Bulgana project A 194MW wind farm with a 20MW / 34MWh Tesla battery storage facility. Roughly 15% of the output of the facility will be used to supply power to a 30 hectare glasshouse being constructed by Nectar Farms. Behind the meter the power will be supplied to the glasshouse by way of a private wire. Remaining electricity exported to the grid. Victorian government signed long term PPA under VRET model. 28

29 4. Demand Side Management Behind The Meter Residential Battery installations being combined on the residential scale. Climate Council report published on 15 February 2018: Home battery installations for 2017: more than 20,00.0 Amounting to a combined energy storage capacity of more than 170MWh. 29

30 5 Revenue Stacking Summary

31 5. Revenue Stacking Summary Battery Storage Revenue Scenarios Source of Revenue Type of Revenue Overlap with other uses of MWs? Form of Agreement Wholesale market trading (Arbitrage) Participation in wholesale electricity market. Potential to affect contracts for other services / bids in other markets (FCAS) Market / spot price Registration as Generator and Customer Regulated by NER Frequency Control Systems (FCAS) (Ancillary Services) Bids for regulation and contingency services are based on the market clearing price and the quantity of the service provided. A registered Ancillary Service Provider could offer both regulation services and any/all contingency services. Registration as an Ancillary Service Provider Regulated by NER Network Support and Control Ancillary Services (NSCAS) (Ancillary Services) Payments made in respect of availability, enabling, usage and testing. Potential for batteries providing NCCAS to provide, and receive revenue, from other services. Long term agreements with participants No AEMO registration necessary to provide NSCAS System Restart Ancillary Services (SRAS) (Ancillary Services) Payments made in respect of availability, enabling, usage and testing. Limited scope for SRAS to provide other services. 3 year agreements with AEMO (post tender process). Firming payments (Government Support) Government payments/grants Agreements may require MWs to be allocated to certain services Contract. 31

32 5. Revenue Stacking Summary Battery Storage Revenue Scenarios Source of Revenue Type of Revenue Overlap with other uses of MWs? Form of Agreement Government contractual payments (Government Support) E.g. battery capacity reserved for government use at a fixed price over a period of time. Unlikely in context of reserved capacity model. Contractual fixed payment FCAS and spot price for any remaining capacity Government incentive payments ARENA funding for storage linked to renewable project. Yes. Funding not allocated to specific MWs. Contract (Government Support) 32

33 Aylin Cunsolo Senior Associate aylin.cunsolo@bakermckenzie.com This communication has been prepared for the general information of clients and/or professional associates of Baker & McKenzie. You should not rely on the contents. It is not legal advice and should not be regarded as a substitute for legal advice. To the fullest extent allowed by law, Baker & McKenzie excludes all liability (whether arising in contract, negligence or otherwise) in respect of all and each part of this communication, including without limitation, any errors or omissions. Baker & McKenzie, an Australian Partnership, is a member firm of Baker & McKenzie International, a Swiss Verein with member law firms around the world. In accordance with the common terminology used in professional service organisations, reference to a "partner" means a person who is a partner, or equivalent, in such a law firm. Similarly, reference to an "office" means an office of any such law firm.