GEOS ENST ENSC Lecture 11. Electricity

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1 GEOS ENST ENSC Lecture 11 Electricity

2 Electricity generation is now > 1/3 of U.S. power use

Coal usage waning in parts of the world April 21, 2017 https://nyti.

3 Coal usage waning in parts of the world April 21, EUROPE For First Time Since 1800s, Britain Goes a Day Without Burning Coal for Electricity By KATRIN BENNHOLD APRIL 21, 2017 LONDON Friday was the first full day since the height of the Industrial Revolution that Britain did not burn coal to generate electricity, a development that officials and climate change activists celebrated as a watershed moment. The accomplishment became official just before 11 p.m., when the 24-hour period ended. Coal powered Britain into the industrial age and into the 21st century, contributing greatly to the pea souper fogs that were thought for decades to be a natural phenomenon of the British climate. For many living in the mining towns up and down the country, it was not just the backbone of the economy but a way of life. But the industry has been in decline for some time. The last deep coal mine closed in December 2015, though open cast mining has continued. Coal-fired power generation contributes heavily to climate change; burning coal produces twice as much carbon dioxide as burning natural gas. Reducing the world s reliance on coal and increasing the use of renewable energy sources like solar and wind power have long been part of proposals to prevent the worst consequences of climate #?c=united %20Kingdom&s=Balance

Sta4c electricity discovered in ancient 4mes Word origin: electricity from New La>n electricus, constructed (1600, Gilbert, De Magnete) from La>n electrum, amber, from Gr.

4 Sta4c electricity discovered in ancient 4mes Word origin: electricity from New La>n electricus, constructed (1600, Gilbert, De Magnete) from La>n electrum, amber, from Gr. ilektron Thaleus of Miletus describes 585 BC that amber rubbed with fur could aoract other objects Kine%c energy à electrical energy: separate charge Image from: Wikimedia commons

generator 1730s: Hauksbee shows that rubbing amber in a chamber containing mercury vapor causes light

5 Sta4c electricity discovered in ancient 4mes Word origin: electricity from New La>n electricus, constructed from La>n electrum, amber, Gilbert De Magnete, , von Guericke, electrosta>c generator 1730s: Hauksbee shows that rubbing amber in a chamber containing mercury vapor causes light emission Kine%c energy à electrical energy: separate charge Images from: The History of Electrosta<c Generators

electricity discharge: electric kiss 1795s: experiments with electrosta>c capacitors (store charge

6 Sta4c electricity discovered in ancient 4mes Word origin: electricity from New La>n electricus, constructed from La>n electrum, amber, Gilbert De Magnete, s, demonstra>on of sta>c electricity discharge: electric kiss 1795s: experiments with electrosta>c capacitors (store charge on metal) Kine%c energy à electrical energy: separate charge Images from: The History of Electrosta<c Generators

metals (Zn, Cu) soaked in brine (inspired by Galvani s accidental finding).

7 Chemical reac4ons can create electric currents Allessandro Volta demonstrated 1791, Voltaic pile 1800 Voltaic pile was stack of different metals (Zn, Cu) soaked in brine (inspired by Galvani s accidental finding). Chemical energy à electrical energy: metal oxidizes Images from: Wikipedia, BaBeryfacts.co.uk

8 Electricity enters the popular imagina4on Allessandro Volta demonstrated 1791, Voltaic pile 1800 Luigi Galvani frog experiment, 1792 Mary Shelley, 1818

Energy in Electrical Systems

Energy in Electrical Systems Outline Review of Last time Electric Fields and Work Conservation Laws Kirchhoff s Voltage Law Kirchhoff s Current Law Energy in Capacitors, Batteries and Molecules 1 TRUE