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1 9:50 Feedback from the Swedish Army s use of UAVs at the Tactical Level: Experiences Gained from the Mali Campaign An overview of UAV force structure and assets deployed in support of operations Strategies used for the effective gathering, processing and distribution of intelligence Operational challenges such as the need for increased range and endurance to cover large areas Future requirements and plans for the enhancement of UAV capability, deliberating options such as MALE UAV Lieutenant Colonel Ola Hoglund,, Swedish Armed Forces

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3 AGENDA Swedish UAS systems & the daily operational environment ISR MALI What's next

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5 The start of History as we know it Test with conscripts as UAS operators (RC) Video in realtime

6 Sprewer UAV01 RFP 1996 UAV Army Unit regular officers as pilots Later on it was decided that they needed some deeper knowledge PPL with CPL theory.

7 UAV05 (Puma and Wasp) Hand thrown/ deep-stall landing Waterproof(Puma) EO/IR (gimbal) Low acoustic signature 15 km/5km 2 h/45min 2,8 m/24cm width 6 kg/0,5kg

8 SUAV VO Vehicle operator MO Mission operator Soldiers, one sytem/battalion 12 week type course Meterlogi Airmanship CRM Military Regulation

9 UAV 03 alias The Shadow 200 Length 3.4 meters Wingspan 4.27 meters Max. Gross Wt. 170 kg. Payload Wt kg. * Data Link Range 125 km Max. Speed Cruise Speed Loiter Speed Max. Altitude Endurance Engine 110 knots 70 knots 60 knots 15000ft 6h 38 bhp (100ll)

10 The Shadow 200 System Maintenance Section Personnel Equipment Transport Maintenance Section Equipment Trailer Ground Control Station and Ground Data Terminal Ground Control Station and Ground Data Terminal Remote Video Terminal Shadow 200 w/pop 300 Payload Shadow 200 w/pop 300 Payload Shadow 200 w/pop 300 Payload Shadow 200 w/pop 300 Payload Equipment Trailer Shadow 200 Air Vehicle Transport Automatic Launch & Recovery Equipment Portable Ground Control Station and Data Terminal Personnel Transport 10

11 G2 ISR components ISR Staff UAV SSIC EW WIT* FHT MSIC* *Multi Sourse Intelligence Cell *Weapons Inspection Team Tasking INTEL FUSION Reporting Final product

12 Command, control, communications, computers and Intelligence

13 SSIC 20 Container 5 Workstations PAGE 13

14 SSIC 20 Container 5 Workstations PAGE 14

15 SSIC Sensor Source Intelligence Cell Sensor Source Intelligence Cell is a container based, deployable system for processing of intelligence data

16 SSIC CAPABILITIES Connection to C4I System One or two Ground Control Stations (GCS) can be connected Flexible Deployment Configuration (several containers networked) Flexible Connection via e.g Optical Fibre (Crypto) Data link SatCom Features for Analysis of Images both Video and Data Cleared for SECRET data Classified as a non flight-critical system 5 Operator Stations and a Server Room

17 UAV 03 vs Rules & Regulations Different personal categories AVO Pilot in command MPO Operates the payload Technician Cat B1 Responsible for maintenance Cat A Mechanic IMINT personal Mission Commander Analyst

18 UAS Airmanagment in Sweden for military UAS Operate in a Restricted Airspace, or within LoS(SUAV) Primary Radar Surveillance Minimize risk for third party Temporary restricted areas 2,5nm to the border. Future under fighter control. Operation in sectors, separation through fighter control EDA MALI next

19 MINUSMA UN operation Operational since 2015 More then 2000 flight hours Located at Timbuktu airport

20 The Conflict Started 2012 Eastern part of Mali wanted to break free The most of the conflict is in the east( Kidal, GAO) Two Operations UN Minusma and French Barkhane involved to help the Mali people Peace treaty, since 2015 between the major groups Lots of different groups, criminal fractions and also Talibans which make the conflict hard to solve.

21 Infrastructure Main population in west (Bamako) and along Niger river. Vast areas of desert with only small villages or only compounds. Few roads, mainly tracks in the dessert Very poor.

22 MINUSMA UN is a organization with a good purpose, but a lot of paperwork complicate things - everything needs to be well planned. Hard to get adequate tasks from HQ the Unit needs to be able to find out what is important for them selves. Not always the product that we produce is used. More of an civilian operation, big deferens from ISAF operation in Afghanistan

23 Swe ISR TUAS one of ISR sensors All sensors are merged in the MSIC. Always confirm one sensors input with another.

24 Examples of TASKING TUAS Pattern of life, could be: Establish movement of different groups Traffic Ferry on Niger Checkpoints Recce, could be: Condition of roads Compounds Force protection

25 Challenges Climate Haze poor visibility, need to use IR Extreme temperatures everything needs to cool down AC on launcher, TALS, etc. During rain season(june-sept) lots of thunderstorm, Haboobs, gusting wind. Hard to predict the weather could happen real quick

26 Challanges Shadow 200 Makes a lot of noise hard to be undetected Not the best sensor for ISR. Limited range and endurance when the area are so vast you need a better platform and sensor for ISR operation.

27 Challanges ASM No ATC traffic information (kind of, poor English) Increasing traffic both UAS and manned aviation. Unpractical to share main runway with manned aviation. We have our own strip, but Thales(Hermes900) don t. This creates a lot of problems for them Other players uses the airspace, Barkahne, civil aviation other than MINUSMA they don t comply with MINUSMA procedures affects Flightsafety

28 MINUSMA Hard to do dynamic operations when you need to work in a 72h cycle Not experienced in using UAS

29 Future trends o o o Larger UAV:s with longer endurance and higher ceiling. Enhanced sensor capabilities A general reduction of airspace restrictions for UAV:s ROAD MAP UAS family Cover all segments Force protection ISR BDA CBRN SIGINT,EW Airborne RADAR Mortar, CAS C2 BUT.

30 My personal thoughts The understanding of what UAS can bring us will grow exponentially as the awareness of commercial 1-10 EUR segment will eventually take part in the civilian society as did the cell phone. But this doesn t guarantee that we all understand how to lead and use the ISR units in the most effective way and how to handle the results. I expect this together with finding and keeping the proper personnel to be the biggest challenge for most countries the coming years

31 THE END