VARIOUS VOC METHODS AND REQUIREMENTS AROUND THE GLOBE
|
|
- Beatrice Mosley
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 VARIOUS VOC METHODS AND REQUIREMENTS AROUND THE GLOBE Dr. Brij Mohal & Jerry Powers CHROMAFLO TECHNOLOGIES INTRODUCTION: Governing bodies around the globe share the same interest in air quality. One way that regulating groups decided to improve air quality is by lowering the volatile organic compounds (VOC) in architectural coatings. The simplest definition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) comes from Canada: organic compounds with initial boiling point in the range of 50 to 250 C measured at standard pressure that can have an effect on air quality 1. The most complex definition(s) exist in the U.S. and there is not enough room (or desire) to present all of them within these pages. Imagine each local, state, and regional governing bodies with their own definitions and that is a fair start. U.S. formulators are now accustomed to this restriction and to measuring VOC in formulas since shortly after the initiation of the EPA. European formulators as well have dealt with VOC limits enforced the CEN, European Committee for Standardization. Besides governing bodies, market drivers like building construction in the U.S. and Europe require lower volatiles for LEED, Green, or EcoLabel distinction. The difference, of course, is that market driver VOC limits are voluntary. They are not required unless you want to participate in that market. Capitalizing in this market with Zero VOC claims carries risks as well. The FTC (Federal Trade Commission) has issued guidelines for labeling to prevent false advertising and confusion for the consumer 2. In the U.S., the FTC penalizes companies with confusing or false advertising on paint labels. The FTC released guidelines and an enforcement policy for advertising and labeling for manufacturers that claim to sell no VOC and low VOC products. Essentially, one cannot advertise a No VOC unless a result of 0 g/l is obtained. Also a company may not label or advertise trace VOC unless the VOC level is the same as background VOC levels 2. Companies must be able to prove that their paint products are as advertised on the label. If the label states VOC <10 g/l, for example, local, state, and federal entities require proof and the paint company is ultimately responsible for the product and how it is marketed. Companies in the past have been fined by the FTC for confusing or false advertising. 3 Companies that manufacture architectural paints in different countries typically sell products based on regional or continental requirements. As regional customers grow and become global customers, they typically desire the same products that they purchased previously be available in the other regions. Therefore, it makes sense for paint companies to become knowledgeable of global differences in VOC requirements and test methods. Paint companies assuming that low VOC in one country means low VOC in a different country are at risk of paying fines, but they also risk the loss of customers or potentially and entire market. VOC REGULATIONS: Table 1 displays countries or regions with their VOC limit for Architectural coatings and their test method for determination. 1
2 Table 1. Architectural Flats VOC Regulatory and Test Method by Country or Region 3,4,5 Country or Region VOC limit, g/l Test Method Governing Body United States 250 g/l less water Method 24 EPA, AIM Rule California (5 ASTM D counties) 50 g/l less water /Method 313 SCAQMD/ CARB Canada 30 g/l less water ASTM D /Method 313 Canada EPA Central America no regulation ASTM D / Green Seal ISO (GS-11) Jamaica South America Europe EcoLabel Africa 50 g/l less water no regulation regulated by nation 10 g/l ready to use no regulation ISO / ISO ISO / ISO China 120 g/l less water Similar to ISO / ISO PRC (SAC/TC5) Japan No regulation Eco Mark 1 g/l ISO series Japan Korea 40 g/l ready to use Similar to ISO AQP Hong Kong 50 g/l ready to use EPA Method 24 EPD Australia no mandatory regulation Australian Paint Approval Scheme 65 g/l ready to use Calculation or ASTM D3960 CE CE APAS D181 VOC TEST METHODS: Currently, there are several methods (EPA, ISO, and ASTM) to measure volatile organic components in Architectural low VOC colorants. Method 24 is still the most common method for determining VOC content in coatings 6. It measures VOC content indirectly by incorporating gravimetric analysis (ASTM ), moisture titration analysis (ASTM or 91 or ASTM , 90, or 96a), and density (ASTM D , 80, or 90). Unfortunately, Method 24 does not provide good precision with waterborne coatings nor does it perform well with low VOC coatings. When performing multiple methods to achieve a final result, the measurement percentage errors accumulate 7. More precise methods include Europe s ISO :2006. This is a method developed in the year 2000 by the International Standards Organization and is the responsibility of the CEN, (Comité Européen de Normalisation). This direct injection GC method measures VOC content within the range of 15% (150,000 ppm) to 0.1% (1,000 ppm) by mass (see Figure 1). VOC is calculated by the peak area measurement of an internal standard compared to the areas of the VOC peaks up to an endpoint that diethyl adipate provides. One of the challenges with this method is that it requires a priori knowledge of the sample. The analyst must know the 2
3 approximate VOC of the sample. Coating samples containing less than 1000 ppm in the coating or samples with greater than 15% VOC may provide erroneous results. Another European method practiced to measure VOC content is ISO 17895:2006. This method measures VOC content from 0.1% (1000 ppm) to 0.01% (100 ppm) by mass and is a headspace gas chromatography method (see Figure 2). The samples are prepared by 50% dilution with citrate buffer and measured against a standard addition calibration curve ranging from 100 ppm to 1000 ppm of a known solvent mix. A 15 mg sample of the buffer/coating mix is added to the bottom of a headspace vial. Issues with this method revolve around the small amount that technician must add to the headspace vials. The low mass allows for higher percentage relative error with each handling of the samples for the numerous trials. Also with a 5 point standard addition calibration plot, slight differences in peak area integration could lead to large differences in VOC content (see Figure 4). A seven solvent solution is used as the standard addition. The equation of the line renders the amount of VOC in the unspiked sample. ASTM D is currently being used by many U.S. companies to determine VOC content in many different types of coatings. ASTM international initially released this method in 2003 and reapproved it in This direct injection method is intended primarily for waterborne coatings with VOC content between 0.05% and 5% (see Figure 1), but has been used successfully with higher percentages. This method, however, also requires a priori knowledge of the sample in order for obtaining accurate results and has percentage error results as high as 30% based upon the coating type 8. The method recommends the use of the mass spectrometer for proper identification of samples. California s South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) developed Method 313 as an improvement to ASTM D This direct injection method adds quality control, background, standard, and reference steps to the ASTM in order to increase the precision (see Figure 1). Also, Method 313 uses an increase in sample size to 2.5 grams, whereas ASTM D uses grams. Figure 1. Direct Injection GC methods (ISO , ASMT D6886, and Method 313) Direct Injection is a method in which liquid sample is directly injected onto the GC column. The liquid vaporizes at the inlet and vapors flow onto the column with carrier gas. 3
4 Figure 2. Headspace GC methods (ISO , ASMT D6886, and Method 313) The headspace method used in ISO incorporates a very small sample that is heated to allow vaporization into the open space in the vial (the headspace). A needle injects the septum of the vial and collects the vapors. The needle then injects the vapor onto the column of the GC. Both methods can use a split column to send the volatiles to a mass spectrometer detector (MS) and flame ionization detector (FID); see Figure 3. Figure 3. Gas Chromatograph, Mass Spectrometer, and Flame Ionization Apparatus Figure 3 illustrates the main components of GC VOC testing; the injection port (direct or headspace), the FID (flame ionization detector) for quantification, and MS (mass spectrometer) for identification of the volatiles. 4
5 Figure 4. Standard addition chart for ISO Headspace VOC Figure 4 above illustrates a 5 point standard addition plot. Slight changes in the peak areas for these additions could create differences in VOC results. Note in Figure 4 that run 2 and 3 are similar peak area even though the concentrations are different. Also, sample 4 has slightly more peak area although the concentration is less. As the slope changes, the equation of the line also changes. This changes the value x when y equals zero. This x is the calculated VOC concentration of the sample. It would be costly and time consuming for paint companies to pay third party laboratories to perform each of the above tests to determine compliance per country. It would be a resource and time burden for companies to perform all of these methods internally. Which method would be best to determine that the products are compliant for every VOC restriction globally? The bad news is none of the methods mentioned above are uniformly ideal for the varied coatings on the market today. One might think that ISO and ISO complement each other due to the range of percentage VOC. ISO measures VOC content from 15% to 0.1% while ISO measures VOC content from 0.1% to 0.01%. Testing results in Table 2 attest to the contrary. Table 2. VOC Colorant Results comparing ISO and ISO ISO nd lab VOC Sample g/l VOC wt% Wt% Results Red Colorant % 0.10% Orange Colorant % 0.10% Violet Colorant % 0.16% Green Colorant % 0.34% Black Colorant % 0.11% ISO nd lab VOC Sample g/l VOC wt% Wt% Results Red Colorant % 0.12% Orange Colorant % 0.05% Violet Colorant not run not run 0.81% Green Colorant % 0.49% Black Colorant % 0.09% 5
6 Some of the results (red, orange, and black) possess comparable results between methods. However, the violet and the green results are incongruous. The results of ISO for the Violet are five times the results of ISO Comparing the ASTM D method to the ISO method is just as confusing. The European method ISO is reported as in can or ready to use which means that water is included in the total VOC calculation. The SCAQMD D method is reported as regulatory, less water, or coating VOC which means that the calculation is based on the VOC after water is removed. Table 3 below displays a comparison of colorants tested using both methods. Table 3. Typical U.S. Colorant VOC comparison using ISO and ASTM D U.S. Colorants ISO VOC ASTM D VOC Typical Low VOC Line In Can, g/l Coating, g/l Lamp Black 1 7 Titanium White 1 14 Magenta 2 9 Raw Umber 1 14 Brown Oxide 1 15 Yellow Oxide 3 36 Organic Yellow 1 42 Phthalo Green 1 5 Red Oxide 1 1 Phthalo Blue 5 35 Medium Yellow 2 23 Organic Red 8 23 These U.S. colorants are formulated to meet SCAQMD limits of 50 g/l VOC. When meeting this requirement they are also <10 g/l VOC for the European EcoLabel market. Table 4 displays if the opposite is true. Table 4. Typical EU Colorant VOC comparison using ISO and ASTM D EU Colorants ISO VOC ASTM D VOC Typical Low VOC Line In Can, g/l Material, g/l Organic Red 5 53 White 5 68 Magenta 2 42 Raw Umber 6 63 Brown Oxide Yellow Oxide 5 57 Organic Yellow Phthalo Green 5 51 Red Oxide 6 61 Phthalo Blue 2 45 Med Yellow 2 41 Lamp Black
7 Although, ISO reveals that these colorants are compliant in Europe, they are not compliant in Canada or California based on ASTM D The ISO method failed at predicting compliance outside of Europe. ISO has further analysis of volatiles passed the diethyl adipate VOC endpoint. These peaks cover the SVOC with a methyl palmitate endpoint marker. The VOC plus SVOC (semi-volatile organic compounds) provide the TVOC (total volatile organic compounds) which may be closer to the ASTM D or Method 313 results. Figure 5 demonstrates the retention time between diethyl adipate and methyl palmitate in ISO Figure 5. ISO endpoint for VOC (diethyl adipate) and SVOC (methyl palmitate) Figure 5 reveals that diethyl adipate has a retention time of 9.58 minutes while methyl palmitate has and endpoint of minutes. The time between the markers dictates the SVOC content. Table 5 compares ISO VOC, SVOC and TVOC with ASTM D
8 Table 5. European EcoLabel Compliant Colorants VOC comparison using ISO and ASTM D Low VOC Line ISO In Can ASTM D EU EcoLabel Colorants VOC, g/l SVOC, g/l TVOC, g/l VOC, g/l Oxide yellow Lamp Black Phthalo Green Violet Permanent Yellow Organic Red Raw Umber Titanium white Oxide Red Med Yellow Magenta Phthalo Blue High Hide Red The results of ISO TVOC in Table 5 still do not quite match that of D6886. ISO reports results as In Can and ASTM D reports Regulatory VOC or less water VOC. This difference between the methods likely accounts for the variation in results. Results of ASTM D can be further improved upon by incorporating the larger sample size used in Method 313. The larger sample amount allows for possible detection of glycol peaks that would otherwise be lost in the method noise. All previous reporting of results in this paper have incorporated a large sample of 3 grams per colorant. Table 6 below displays the how drastically different results can be with an increased sample size. Table 6. A Typical Colorant Low VOC line comparing small and large sample sizes with ASTM D ASTM D gm sample 3 gm sample Typical U.S. Colorant Line VOC, g/l VOC, g/l Oxide Yellow Lamp Black Phthalo Green Violet Permanent Yellow Organic Red Raw Umber Titanium white Medium Yellow Magenta Phthalo Blue High Performance Red
9 CONCLUSIONS: When analyzing low VOC waterborne colorants, higher sample sizes improve peak resolution and detection. On coatings container labeling, SCAQMD only requires a calculated VOC listing. The samples in Table 6 indicate that the colorant company may be only calculating the VOC from the ingredients and not performing actual testing per ASTM D on each colorant. These colorants were advertised as <10 g/l on the label. This is an example of how different calculating VOC can be from VOC results per ASTM D testing. Calculating VOC from ingredient boiling points can be precarious. Ingredient boiling point may not relate to volatility temperature in a GC column! When selling into a known market with mandatory or voluntary regulations, it is always best to use the method dictated by the country. However, when formulating coatings or colorants, it is not feasible to test the VOC using every possible method that different countries use. When resources and time are limited, testing VOC on colorants or coatings intended for sale in varying international markets, ASTM D with a higher sample size appears to be the method of choice. In the majority of cases, this method appears to be the best GC direct injection method for prediction of compliance around the globe. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Definition of VOC, Health Canada, 2. Federal Trade Commission, Enforcement Policy Statement Regarding VOC-Free Claims for Architectural Coatings, Author Unknown, FTC Hits Paint Makers on Green Claims, Friday October 26, 2012, The Journal of Architectural Coatings, Durability and Design News, 4. Cogar, Jennifer; Puzzled by Global VOC and Emission Standards in Architectural Paints?, PCI, Eastman Chemical Co., Kingsport, TN, January 6, Lin, Xia; A Review of Compulsory Coatings Standards in China, Paint & Coatings Industry Magazine, Carpoly Chemical Group Co., Ltd. Guangdong, China, July 2, 2012, 6. APAS Document 181 Revision 10, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Limits, , CISIRO 7. Brickweg, Lukas; Guillermo, Audrey; Jones, Dane; Wills, Max; Comprehensive VOC analysis method for architectural coatings. (Technology Today) Ibid 9. Jones, Dane; Wills, Max; Development of an Improved VOC Analysis for Architectural Coatings, California Air Resources Board Report and California EPA, July 31,
Solutions for manufacturers. Thomas Neuhaus
Solutions for manufacturers Thomas Neuhaus from 1.1.2016: Head of the VOC certification body at Eurofins Consumer Product Testing GmbH, Hamburg / Germany 1 VOC emissions testing Which tests do I need?
More informationAnalysis of Petroleum Fractions by ASTM D2887
Analysis of Petroleum Fractions by ASTM D2887 Peter Morgan, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Runcorn, Cheshire, UK Application Note 2582 Key Words Simulated distillation, D2887, TRACE TR-SimDist Abstract ASTM
More informationTechnical Procedure for Gas Chromatography (GC-FID)
Technical Procedure for Gas Chromatography (GC-FID) 1.0 Purpose This technical procedure shall be followed for the operation of the gas chromatograph (GC- FID). 2.0 Scope This procedure applies to all
More informationDetection of Volatile Organic Compounds in Gasoline and Diesel Using the znose Edward J. Staples, Electronic Sensor Technology
Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds in Gasoline and Diesel Using the znose Edward J. Staples, Electronic Sensor Technology Electronic Noses An electronic nose produces a recognizable response based
More informationDetection of Sulfur Compounds in Natural Gas According to ASTM D5504 with an Agilent Dual Plasma Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detector
Detection of Sulfur Compounds in Natural Gas According to ASTM D554 with an Agilent Dual Plasma Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detector Application Note Author Rebecca Veeneman Abstract Sulfur compounds in natural
More informationHigh Temperature Simulated Distillation Performance Using the Agilent 8890 Gas Chromatograph
Application Note Petrochemicas High Temperature Simulated Distillation Performance Using the Agilent 8890 Gas Chromatograph Author James D. McCurry, Ph.D. Agilent Technologies, Inc. Abstract An Agilent
More informationWhite Paper. Improving Accuracy and Precision in Crude Oil Boiling Point Distribution Analysis. Introduction. Background Information
Improving Accuracy and Precision in Crude Oil Boiling Point Distribution Analysis. Abstract High Temperature Simulated Distillation (High Temp SIMDIS) is one of the most frequently used techniques to determine
More informationPerforming ASTM 6584 free and total glycerin in BioDiesel using an SRI Gas Chromatograph and PeakSimple software
Install a capillary column in the oven of the SRI GC. The ASTM method suggests a 12 meter.32mm id narrow-bore column coupled with a 2.5 meter guard column but permits the use of any column which exhibits
More informationGas Chromatographic Analysis of Diesel Fuel Dilution for In-Service Motor Oil Using ASTM Method D7593
Application Note Gas Chromatographic Analysis of Diesel Fuel Dilution for In-Service Motor Oil Using ASTM Method D7593 Authors Kelly Beard and James McCurry Agilent Technologies, Inc. Abstract An Agilent
More informationApplication. Gas Chromatography June 1995
Determining Oxygenates in Gasoline: ASTM Method D Application Gas Chromatography June 99 Authors Michael J. Szelewski Agilent Technologies, Inc. 0 Centerville Road Wilmington, DE 90-60 USA Matthew S. Klee
More informationTSHR 6000 series TN/TS/TX analyzer
TSHR series TN/TS/TX analyzer Versatile, Accurate and Reliable Trace Level Nitrogen, Sulfur, Chlorine Analysis Petrochemicals Refineries Analytical Services Research Analysis The TSHR series TN/TS/TX Analyzer
More informationTechnical Procedure for Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)
Technical Procedure for Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) 1.0 Purpose This technical procedure shall be followed for the operation of the gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). 2.0 Scope
More informationAsphalt Emulsion VOC Testing
Asphalt Emulsion VOC Testing Presentation To PPRA Meeting Florida - 2016 Arlis Kadrmas Presentation Outline Background Why VOC testing of emulsified asphalt? Recovery Procedures used for residue VOC testing
More informationEfficiency Standards for External Power Supplies
A Dynamic Regulatory Environment By Jeff Schnabel, VP of Marketing The global regulatory environment surrounding the legislation of external power supply efficiency and no-load power draw has rapidly evolved
More informationBeverage Grade Carbon Dioxide
Analysis by Gas Chromatography Engineered Solutions, Guaranteed Results. WASSON - ECE INSTRUMENTATION The Challenge Carbon dioxide, used in the production of carbonated soft drinks and other beverages,
More informationThe Analysis of Hydrocarbon Composition in LPG by Gas Chromatography using the DVLS Liquefied Gas Injector
Authors: The Analysis of Hydrocarbon Composition in LPG by Gas Chromatography using the DVLS Liquefied Gas Injector Introduction Specification of the hydrocarbon composition of LPG is required as traces
More informationComparison of IG Testing Standard. IGMA Summer Meeting August 8, 2004
Comparison of IG Testing Standard IGMA Summer Meeting August 8, 2004 1 The Task Compare the new Harmonized standards to: Old ASTM stds. Canadian stds. CEN stds. (Europe) ISO std. (proposed) 2 The Standards
More informationTIER 3 MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL STANDARDS FOR DENATURED FUEL ETHANOL
2016 TIER 3 MOTOR VEHICLE FUEL STANDARDS FOR DENATURED FUEL ETHANOL This document was prepared by the Renewable Fuels Association (RFA). The information, though believed to be accurate at the time of publication,
More informationNew Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel fuel and new engines and vehicles with advanced emissions control systems offer significant air quality improvement.
New Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel fuel and new engines and vehicles with advanced emissions control systems offer significant air quality improvement. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has issued
More informationSimulated Distillation Analyzers, Software, Standards, Consumables, Training
Simulated Distillation Analyzers, Software, Standards, Consumables, Training www.separationsystems.com Offering the Fullest Range of Optimized Solutions Simulated distillation (SimDis) has been used to
More informationUsing a New Gas Phase Micro-Fluidic Deans Switch for the 2-D GC Analysis of Trace Methanol in Crude Oil by ASTM Method D7059 Application
Using a New Gas Phase Micro-Fluidic Deans Switch for the 2-D GC Analysis of Trace Methanol in Crude Oil by ASTM Method D759 Application Petrochemical Author James D. McCurry Agilent Technologies 285 Centerville
More informationPureOptions eco-colorants. Sustainable solutions with a broad palette of possibilities
PureOptions eco-colorants Sustainable solutions with a broad palette of possibilities Healthier indoor air quality with BASF PureOptions eco-colorants Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted from
More informationASTM D for Denatured Fuel Ethanol Automating Calculations and Reports with Empower 2 Software
ASTM D5501-04 for Denatured Fuel Ethanol Automating Calculations and Reports with Empower 2 Software Larry Meeker and Alice J. Di Gioia Waters Corporation Houston Field Laboratory 5909 West Loop, South
More informationMethanol in Biodiesel by EN14110 with the HT3 and Versa Automated Headspace Analyzers. Versa HT3. Application Note. Abstract.
Methanol in Biodiesel by EN14110 with the HT3 and Versa Automated Headspace Analyzers Application Note Abstract Versa With the rising prices of fossil fuels, more emphasis is being put on renewable resources
More informationThe purpose of this rule is to limit VOC emissions from the transfer of organic liquids.
RULE 4624 TRANSFER OF ORGANIC LIQUID (Adopted April 11, 1991; Amended September 19, 1991; Amended May 21, 1992; Amended December 17, 1992; Amended December 20, 2007) 1.0 Purpose The purpose of this rule
More informationOVERVIEW AND IMPLICATIONS FOR VOC REGULATIONS California South Coast Air Quality Management District Rule 1144 UPDATE
Page 1 OVERVIEW AND IMPLICATIONS FOR VOC REGULATIONS California South Coast Air Quality Management District Rule 1144 UPDATE Mike Pearce CLS W. S. Dodge Oil, Inc John Burke CMFS - Houghton International
More informationRefinery Gas. Analysis by Gas Chromatography WASSON - ECE INSTRUMENTATION. Engineered Solutions, Guaranteed Results.
Refinery Gas Analysis by Gas Chromatography Engineered Solutions, Guaranteed Results. WASSON - ECE INSTRUMENTATION Refinery Gas Analysis Reliability Placing refinery gas analyzers in the field for over
More informationIntricacies of VOC Measurement
Intricacies of VOC Measurement PIOGA - Air Quality Compliance Training October 12, 2017 Presented by Timothy Rodak What's in a Title? Intricacies of VOC Measurement In Reality Mysteries? Nightmares? Frustrations?
More informationGC/MS Analysis of Trace Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in Jet Fuel Using Energy Institute Method IP585
GC/MS Analysis of Trace Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in Jet Fuel Using Energy Institute Method IP585 Application Note Fuels Author James D. McCurry, Ph.D. Agilent Technologies, Inc. 850 Centerville
More informationSelecting Weights and Certificates
11 Weight Selection There are several shapes, designs and sizes available to meet your needs. Selecting the proper weight for your application can be confusing given the number of weight classes, designs,
More informationApplication Note. Author. Introduction. Energy and Fuels
Analysis of Free and Total Glycerol in B-100 Biodiesel Methyl Esters Using Agilent Select Biodiesel for Glycerides Application Note Energy and Fuels Author John Oostdijk Agilent Technologies, Inc. Introduction
More informationIncreased sensitivity and reproducibility in the analysis of trace fatty acid methyl esters in jet fuel
Application Note Energy and Chemicals Increased sensitivity and reproducibility in the analysis of trace fatty acid methyl esters in jet fuel Applying the Energy Institute Method IP 8 with an Agilent J&W
More informationApplication Note. Determination of Oxygenates in C2, C3, C4 and C5 hydrocarbon Matrices according ASTM D using AC OXYTRACER
Determination of Oxygenates in C2, C3, C4 and C5 hydrocarbon Matrices according ASTM D7423-09 using AC OXYTRACER Fast Analysis in
More informationGB Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB NATIONAL STANDARD
Translated English of Chinese Standard: GB17930-2016 www.chinesestandard.net Sales@ChineseStandard.net GB NATIONAL STANDARD OF THE PEOPLE S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ICS 75.160.20 E 31 GB 17930-2016 Replacing
More informationMoulded PU Foam in vehicles: Emissions testing and VOC limits An overview from Europe. Michel Baumgartner Dr. Sébastien Gentil CPI 2016, Baltimore
Moulded PU Foam in vehicles: Emissions testing and VOC limits An overview from Europe Michel Baumgartner Dr. Sébastien Gentil CPI 2016, Baltimore 1 Contents 1 About EURO-MOULDERS 2 Emissions Influencing
More informationNON-ROAD DIESEL ENGINE EMISSION REGULATION BYLAW CONSOLIDATED
NON-ROAD DIESEL ENGINE EMISSION REGULATION BYLAW CONSOLIDATED THIS IS A CONSOLIDATION, FOR REFERENCE PURPOSES, OF: Metro Vancouver Regional District Non-Road Diesel Engine Emission Regulation Bylaw No.
More informationGC Analysis of Total Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and Methyl Linolenate in Biodiesel Using the Revised EN14103:2011 Method
GC Analysis of Total Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) and Methyl Linolenate in Biodiesel Using the Revised EN1413:211 Method Application Note Author James D. McCurry, Ph.D. Agilent Technologies Abstract
More informationOxygenates in Fuels Analysis Solutions From Trace Levels to Ethanol Fuels
Oxygenates in Fuels Analysis Solutions From Trace Levels to Ethanol Fuels James D. McCurry Senior Scientist Agilent Technologies Wilmington, DE USA Page 1 Application Summary There is a need to measure
More informationDual Channel Simulated Distillation of Carbon and Sulfur with the Agilent 7890A GC and 355 Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detector
Dual Channel Simulated Distillation of Carbon and Sulfur with the Agilent 7890A GC and 355 Sulfur Chemiluminescence Detector Application Note Hydrocarbon Processing Authors ChunXiao Wang Agilent Technologies
More informationFast and Reliable Trace Gas Analysis Improved Detection Limits for the Agilent 490 Micro GC
Fast and Reliable Trace Gas Analysis Improved Detection Limits for the Agilent 490 Micro GC Technical Overview Trace gas analysis is a challenge in today s world. The ability to analyze lower component
More informationAgilent Multimode Inlet for Gas Chromatography
Agilent Multimode Inlet for Gas Chromatography Technical Note Agilent Multimode Inlet for the 7890A GC Designed to give you ease of use and maximum flexibility, the Agilent Multimode Inlet does everything
More informationUnderstanding the new lead-free water system regulations
Understanding the new lead-free water system regulations and choosing valves to comply by Rob Lindquist, P.E. Product Marketing Manager, ASCO Anne-Sophie Kedad-Chambareau Director of Marketing, Process,
More informationLive Crude Oil Volatility
Live Crude Oil Volatility Dan Wispinski : Alberta Innovates Technology Futures Bob Falkiner : Imperial Oil Engineering Services CCQTA/COQA October 31, 2014 Food-Agriculture Environment Health Pipeline
More informationLive Crude Oil Volatility
Live Crude Oil Volatility Dan Wispinski : Alberta Innovates Technology Futures Bob Falkiner : Imperial Oil Engineering Services October 16/15 PerkinElmer Corpus Christi Any and all implied or statutory
More informationGC Method Compliance and Large Valve Oven Application
GC Method Compliance and Large Valve Oven Application Solution Focused Kelly Beard June 20, 2016 Compliant Methods Compliant Methods What are our options? Analyzers and Analyzer Kits High Volume Well Known
More informationRefinery Support from the R&D Laboratory Perspective using Fast & Micro Gas Chromatography
Refinery Support from the R&D Laboratory Perspective using Fast & Micro Gas Chromatography Dr. Robert Lorenz Analytical Chemist Chevron Energy Technology Company Gulf Coast Conference Galveston, TX October
More informationAgilent 7696A Sample Prep WorkBench Automated Sample Preparation for the GC Analysis of Biodiesel Using Method EN14105:2011
Agilent 7696A Sample Prep WorkBench Automated Sample Preparation for the GC Analysis of Biodiesel Using Method EN14105:2011 Application Note Fuels Author James D. McCurry, Ph.D. Agilent Technologies, Inc.
More informationA Comparison of Boat Introduction and Direct Injection using the Thermo Scientific ipro 5000 Series Combustion Analyzer
Application Note: 42165 A Comparison of Boat Introduction and Direct Injection using the Thermo Scientific ipro 5000 Series Combustion Analyzer Kristian J. Hoffman, Angela Seipel, Application Specialists,
More informationDaimlerChrysler Alternative Particulate Measurement page 1/8
DaimlerChrysler Alternative Particulate Measurement page 1/8 Investigation of Alternative Methods to Determine Particulate Mass Emissions Dr. Oliver Mörsch Petra Sorsche DaimlerChrysler AG Background and
More informationComparison EU and USA
VOC emissions standards Comparison EU and USA Reinhard Oppl Member of CEN TC 351 WG2, US GBC IEQ TAG, and some more committees Eurofins Product Testing A/S Galten (DK), Hamburg (D), Barneveld (NL) Paris
More informationPERFORMALOC 9000 Advanced Productivity Coatings from PPG
PERFORMALOC 9000 Advanced Productivity Coatings from PPG Performance Coatings that Loc Offering its users color and gloss retention that surpasses most 2-comp coatings are manufactured from proprietary,
More informationTechnical Procedure for the Examination of Arson Evidence
Technical Procedure for the Examination of Arson Evidence 1.0 Purpose This technical procedure shall be followed for the examination of arson (fire debris) evidence. 2.0 Scope This procedure applies to
More informationLiquefied Gas Injector. Solution for the Sampling and Analysis of Liquefied Gases
Liquefied Gas Injector Solution for the Sampling and Analysis of Liquefied Gases Safe and Representative Sampling of Liquefied Gases The analysis of impurities and contaminants in liquefied gases is an
More informationEastman TMPD Glycol and Purified Isophthalic Acid
For the Resins Market High-Solids Polyester Resin Formulation HS-3-5T Based on TMPD Glycol and Purified Isophthalic Acid OH CO 2 H OH CO 2 H 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-Pentanediol CAS: 144-19-4 Purified Isophthalic
More informationHigh Sensitivity UHPLC-DAD Analysis of Azo Dyes using the Agilent 1290 Infinity LC System and the 60 mm Max-Light High Sensitivity Flow Cell
High Sensitivity UHPLC-DAD Analysis of Azo Dyes using the Agilent 1290 Infinity LC System and the 60 mm Max-Light High Sensitivity Flow Cell Application Note Consumer Products Authors Gerd Vanhoenacker,
More informationCase Study: Silver Lining in Plants Oil Analysis Program Prevents Catastrophic Generator Failure
Case Study: Silver Lining in Plants Oil Analysis Program Prevents Catastrophic Generator Failure Analysts, Inc. Contributing Authors: Tim Gibbons, Data Analysts, OMA I Kris Sherman, National Account Manager,
More informationTechnical Procedure for Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC-MS)
Technical Procedure for Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) 1.0 Purpose This technical procedure shall be followed for the operation of the pyrolysis-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer
More informationAchieving Higher Sensitivities Using GC-FID with the Agilent Multimode Inlet (MMI)
Achieving Higher Sensitivities Using GC-FID with the Agilent Multimode Inlet (MMI) Application Note All Industries Authors Brian Fitz and Bill Wilson Agilent Technologies, Inc. 285 Centerville Road Wilmington,
More informationHigh Throughput Mineral Oil Analysis (Hydrocarbon Oil Index) by GC-FID Using the Agilent Low Thermal Mass (LTM) System
High Throughput Mineral Oil Analysis (Hydrocarbon Oil Index) by GC-FID Using the Agilent Low Thermal Mass (LTM) System Application Note Authors Frank David Research Institute for Chromatography, Pres.
More information3.1 Air Pollution Control Officer (APCO): as defined in Rule 1020 (Definitions).
RULE 4352 SOLID FUEL FIRED BOILERS, STEAM GENERATORS AND PROCESS HEATERS (Adopted September 14, 1994; Amended October 19, 1995; Amended May 18, 2006; Amended December 15, 2011) 1.0 Purpose The purpose
More informationRULE 4352 SOLID FUEL FIRED BOILERS, STEAM GENERATORS AND PROCESS HEATERS (Adopted September 14, 1994; Amended October 19, 1995; Amended May 18, 2006)
RULE 4352 SOLID FUEL FIRED BOILERS, STEAM GENERATORS AND PROCESS HEATERS (Adopted September 14, 1994; Amended October 19, 1995; Amended May 18, 2006) 1.0 Purpose The purpose of this rule is to limit emissions
More informationAppendix C SIP Creditable Incentive-Based Emission Reductions Moderate Area Plan for the 2012 PM2.5 Standard
Appendix C SIP Creditable Incentive-Based Emission Reductions This page intentionally blank. Appendix C: SIP Creditable Incentive-Based Emission Reductions Appendix C: SIP Creditable Incentive-Based Emission
More information[ APPLICATION NOTE ] INTRODUCTION APPLICATION BENEFITS WATERS SOLUTIONS KEYWORDS
MS Identification of Trace level Impurities from a Non-MS Compatible Mobile Phase Using ACQUITY UPLC System with 2D Technology by Heart-cutting and Online Sample Concentration Bronsky Gopinadh, Dilshad
More informationFree and Total Glycerol in B100 Biodiesel by Gas Chromatography According to Methods EN and ASTM D6584
Free and Total Glycerol in B100 Biodiesel by Gas Chromatography According to Methods EN 14105 and ASTM D6584 Introduction With today s increasing concern for the environment and the depletion of fossil
More informationSFC-FID ASTM System. SFC-4000 Series SFC. Performance Innovation Reliability
SFC-FID ASTM System SFC-4000 Series SFC Performance Innovation Reliability The JASCO SFC-FID system has been developed as a simple and validated turn-key solution for the measurement of the two ASTM standard
More informationSetting up SilFlow for BackFlush in your GC
Setting up SilFlow for BackFlush in your GC What is backflush and why use it? The BackFlush system eliminates the need to bake heavy sample fractions off the capillary column. Oils, tars and other semivolatile
More informationLEGAL STATEMENT 1 / 2018 NAVIGANT CONSULTING, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
LEGAL STATEMENT The purpose of the information in this presentation is to guide ICA programs and provide members with information to make independent business decisions. 1 ANTITRUST GUIDELINES Antitrust
More informationHigh PAH Oil restriction in tyres. (1) Implication of the restriction for the EU -tyre industry
High PAH Oil restriction in tyres (1) Implication of the restriction for the EU -tyre industry October 6 2011 (2) ETRMA analysis & proposals to strengthen market surveillance General Principle Current
More informationPFI Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) Program for Residential/Commercial Densified Fuels
PFI Quality Assurance/Quality Control (QA/QC) Program for Residential/Commercial Densified Fuels Scope: This program must be utilized by participating pellet fuel manufacturers to assure consistent quality
More informationSynthetic wind turbine gear oil. Developed with NUFLUX technology
Synthetic wind turbine gear oil Developed with NUFLUX technology Evonik specialists continually work to meet tomorrow s demands today by developing forward-looking technologies and new formulations with
More informationLOADING OF ORGANIC LIQUID CARGO VESSELS. (Adopted 10/13/1992, revised 1/18/2001)
RULE 346. LOADING OF ORGANIC LIQUID CARGO VESSELS. (Adopted 10/13/1992, revised 1/18/2001) A. Applicability The provisions of this rule shall apply to the transfer of organic liquids into an organic liquid
More informationGlobal High-Performance Electric Motorcycle Market Rport 2017
Report Information More information from: https://www.wiseguyreports.com/reports/1631338-global-high-performance-electric-motorcycle-marketrport-2017 Global High-Performance Electric Motorcycle Market
More informationGLOBAL REGISTRY. Addendum. Global technical regulation No. 5
23 January 2007 GLOBAL REGISTRY Created on 18 November 2004, pursuant to Article 6 of the AGREEMENT CONCERNING THE ESTABLISHING OF GLOBAL TECHNICAL REGULATIONS FOR WHEELED VEHICLES, EQUIPMENT AND PARTS
More informationHans-Paul Siderius Chairperson 4E. London, 14 September 2010
4E and MVE Hans-Paul Siderius Chairperson 4E London, 14 September 2010 4E at a glance 4E provides an international forum for governments and other stakeholders to: Share expertise and develop understanding
More informationM2010 Time Line and Test Issues EBB, October 10, 2007
The M2010 Standard is now in its final form. There may be some editorial changes in the text before it is published in booklet form but the testing and other requirements will not be affected. This standard
More informationINFINEUM WORLDWIDE WINTER DIESEL FUEL QUALITY SURVEY
INFINEUM WORLDWIDE WINTER DIESEL FUEL QUALITY SURVEY 22 http://www.infineum.com/ Contents Forward CONTENTS Introduction... 3 The Trends... 4 Worldwide Diesel Fuel Survey Physical Inspection Data Mean values...
More informationHeating Methods. Reflux and Distillation
Heating Methods Reflux and Distillation Heating Methods Reflux Distillation Reflux You will use this next lab for the synthesis of aspirin not in this lab experiment Heating the reaction contents without
More informationÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ³ METRIC ³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ TT-T-306E May 28, 1993 SUPERSEDING TT-T-306D December 31, 1992 FEDERAL SPECIFICATION
ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ³ METRIC ³ ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ May 28, 1993 SUPERSEDING TT-T-306D December 31, 1992 FEDERAL SPECIFICATION THINNER, SYNTHETIC RESIN ENAMELS This specification has been approved by the Commissioner,
More informationIFPAC 2003 Dr. Berthold Andres
IFPAC 2003 Dr. Berthold Andres ABB Automation Products Germany Microelectromechanical Systems for Process Analytics Copyright 2002 ABB. All rights reserved. - Process Analyzer and Instrumentation Water
More information6890 Power Related Information
6890 Power Related Information This document provides basic power related information for the 6890 Gas Chromatograph. This document covers: the GC Line voltage requirements Canadian installation Voltages
More informationImpact of GC Parameters on The Separation Part 2: Choice of Column Internal Diameter
Cd The Chrom Doctor Impact of GC Parameters on The Separation Part 2: Choice of Column Internal Diameter Jaap de Zeeuw, Restek Corporation, Middelburg, The Netherlands. In Part 1 of this series we focused
More informationMARITIME GLOBAL SULPHUR CAP. Know the different choices and challenges for on-time compliance SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER
MARITIME GLOBAL SULPHUR CAP 2020 Know the different choices and challenges for on-time compliance SAFER, SMARTER, GREENER Global sulphur cap 2020 DNV GL 3 INTRODUCTION The global 0.5% sulphur cap will
More informationRULE 4612 MOTOR VEHICLE AND MOBILE EQUIPMENT COATING OPERATIONS (Adopted September 21, 2006; Amended September 20, 2007; Amended October 21, 2010)
RULE 4612 MOTOR VEHICLE AND MOBILE EQUIPMENT COATING OPERATIONS (Adopted September 21, 2006; Amended September 20, 2007; Amended October 21, 2010) 1.0 Purpose The purpose of this rule is to limit volatile
More informationLegal Statement. M E T A L S Research and Consulting
Legal Statement The purpose of this presentation is to guide ICA programs and provide members information to make independent business decisions. Copyright by MetalsPlus Research & Consulting. All rights
More informationAlternative Carrier Gases for ASTM D7213 Simulated Distillation Analysis
Introduction Petroleum & Petrochemical Alternative Carrier Gases for ASTM D7213 Simulated Distillation Analysis By Katarina Oden, Barry Burger, and Amanda Rigdon Crude oil consists of thousands of different
More informationThis rule shall apply to any stationary source which is a major source of regulated air pollutants or of hazardous air pollutants.
RULE 2530 FEDERALLY ENFORCEABLE POTENTIAL TO EMIT (Adopted June 15, 1995; Amended April 25, 2002; Amended December 18, 2008, but not in effect until June 10, 2010) 1.0 Purpose The purpose of this rule
More informationObtaining ASTM D6400- D6868 Approval
Rev 3.0 Obtaining ASTM D6400- D6868 Approval Woods End Laboratories inc. is a BPI Approved Certifier lab 1 Key BPI Requirements All products must meet ASTM D6400, ASTM D6868, ISO17088 or EN13432 Not contain
More informationMET-Biodiesel Capillary GC Columns
MET-Biodiesel Capillary GC Columns Product Specifications Product Features & Benefits Chromatograms FAQs Related Products Updated: February 2, 2009 Product Specifications 2 Product Specifications What
More informationCase Study: Silver Lining in Plants Oil Analysis Program Prevents Catastrophic Generator Failure
Case Study: Silver Lining in Plants Oil Analysis Program Prevents Catastrophic Generator Failure Analysts, Inc. Contributing Authors: Tim Gibbons, Data Analysts, OMA I Kris Sherman, National Account Manager,
More informationGM Globally Approved Refinish Materials
2015 GM Globally Approved Refinish Materials GMW-15406-2015 Forward Globally Approved Refinish Materials 2015 GM Globally Approved Refinish Materials The products listed in this booklet have been approved
More informationIncluding list of all affected Side Channel Blowers. Information about IE2, IE3 and NEMA motor changeover for blowers and side channel blowers
Including list of all affected Side Channel Blowers Information about IE2, IE3 and NEMA motor changeover for blowers and side channel blowers New standards and legal requirements The new standard and its
More informationPOST 2020 VEHICLE CO 2 EMISSIONS POLICY
POST 2020 VEHICLE CO 2 EMISSIONS POLICY - Accounting for lifecycle emissions to avoid burden shifting 6 th September 2017 Dr Nicholas Avery, EUROFER n.avery@eurofer.be THE TAILPIPE APPROACH Fuel Production
More informationFORAY LABORATORIES PTY. LTD. LABORATORY REPORT: Client: Bio Products Australia
FORAY LABORATORIES PTY. LTD. 2/27 Normanby Road Telephone: 03-9544-9111 Clayton North, 3168 Fax: 03-9544-9122 www.cetec-foray.com.au Email: info@cetec-foray.com.au LABORATORY REPORT: 0710-17 Client: Bio
More informationFast Simulated Distillation Based on Agilent 6890N Gas Chromatograph Application
Fast Simulated Distillation Based on Agilent 6890N Gas Chromatograph Application Petroleum Authors ChunXiao Wang Agilent Technologies (Shanghai) Co.,Ltd. 412 YingLun Road Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone Shanghai
More informationCERTIFICATE OF ACCREDITATION
CERTIFICATE OF ACCREDITATION ANSI-ASQ National Accreditation Board 500 Montgomery Street, Suite 625, Alexandria, VA 22314, 877-344-3044 This is to certify that EPA National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory
More informationProcess Economics Program
IHS Chemical Process Economics Program Review 2013-10 Adipic Acid from Free Fatty Acids via Verdezyne Fermentation By Anthony Pavone IHS Chemical agrees to assign professionally qualified personnel to
More informationTest Report. Lindner Aktiengesellschaft. Product Emissions Test according to ASTM Access Floor. April 2004
Test Report Lindner Aktiengesellschaft Product Emissions Test according to ASTM 5116-97 Access Floor April 2004 Client: Lindner Aktiengesellschaft Produktmanagement Sparte Boden Bahnhofstrasse 29 D-94424
More informationbreakthrough versatility
ipro 5000 Series Total Nitrogen/Total Sulfur (TN/TS) Analyzer breakthrough versatility with exceptional accuracy and precision Petrochemicals Refineries Chemical Plants Commercial Testing Laboratories
More informationForefront of air pollution regulations nationwide Delegates responsibility of stationary sources to local air districts
California Air Resource Board/ South Coast Air Quality Management District Background Lead air pollution regulatory agency in California Responsibilities include: Vehicle emissions Greenhouse gas emissions
More informationDr. Jim Henry, P.E. Professor of Engineering University of Tennessee at Chattanooga 615 McCallie Avenue Chattanooga, TN Dr.
Aubrey Gunter Green Team - Distillation College of Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee at Chattanooga 615 McCallie Avenue Chattanooga, TN 37421 To: Dr. Jim Henry, P.E. Professor of
More information