EXHIBIT B Water Meter Review and Testing November 2008

Transcription

1 EXHIBIT B Water Meter Review and Testing November 2008 Prepared by: HDR Engineering, Inc.

2 Technical Memorandum To: Ken TeKippe, City of Dubuque From: HDR Engineering Project: Dubuque Water Meter Review and Testing Date: November 13, 2008 Job No: HDR RE: Technical Memorandum Water Meter Review and Testing Table of Contents 1.0 Executive Summary Meter Testing Program Meter Testing Goals and Objectives Description of Water Meter Technologies Tested Methodology Meter Test Results Small Meter Test Results Large Meter Test Results Revenue Analysis Recommendations Appendices Small Meter Test Results Large Meter Test Results HDR Engineering, Inc. Dubuque Water Meter Review and Testing Page 1 of 26

3 1.0 Executive Summary During July through October of 2007, HDR performed a Water Meter System Evaluation for the City of Dubuque. Recommendations for future improvements and upgrades to the water meter system were developed. A recommendation from the study was to perform testing and evaluation of the existing water meters due to the large portion of the City s meter population nearing or past the expected life span of approximately 15 to 20 years. As meters age, they become worn, which over time reduces or slows the overall registration of the meter. This meter inaccuracy affects water consumption measurement which in turn reduces collected revenue. In order to determine the magnitude of potential meter inaccuracies within the City s meter population, HDR was selected in cooperation with M.E. Simpson to conduct a Water Meter Review and Testing program. The program tested a sampling of Dubuque s meters to identify typical meter inaccuracies resulting from their age and application. The following discussion summarizes the results and recommendations of the Review and Testing program. A significant number of small and large meters failed testing: 35.7% of the small meters (5/8-inch to 1-inch) and 40.3% of the large meters (1-1/2-inch to 8-inch) failed, indicating that meter replacement is needed. A considerable number of relatively new large compound type meters failed, indicating that a meter testing and maintenance program would be beneficial once new meters are installed. It is not cost effective to repair small meters, although testing a sample of the small meter population is useful to determine meter accuracy, lost revenue, and the need for future meter replacement. Large meters measure a much higher consumption volume with higher associated revenue than a small meter. For example, a single turbine meter may measure 500 to 1,000 times more water than a residential meter. Although the number of large meters in the system is small, a regular preventative maintenance and repair program would provide significant benefits through extend meter life, proper accuracy and associated maximized water revenue. The additional testing would require additional staff or outsourcing to a contractor. This study s revenue analysis, which is based on meter size, consumption information and testing results, estimates that 17,482,500 cubic feet of water or 6.9% of annual consumption is not recorded by the water meters. The volume of water not recorded results in a projected loss of water and sewer revenue of approximately $676,000 for fiscal year This figure will increase as meter inaccuracies continue to worsen and water rates increase over time. The high number of meters out of specification and the associated annual lost revenue support implementing a meter change-out program. The 2007 Water Meter Plan and System Evaluation recommended installing a fixed radio network meter system as the lowest cost alternative. A fixed radio network allows remote reading of water meters, eliminating the need for labor intensive manual meter reading. From the 2007 Water Meter System Evaluation cost model, the 20 year present value cost of a fixed radio network water meter system will be approximately $6,400,000 and includes the cost of new water meters, radio equipment, computers and other hardware. Based on current lost revenue and the estimated 2007 cost for a new fixed network meter system, the payback period would be approximately nine years. Table 1-1 shows the preliminary payback period for the fixed radio network meter replacement program. The lost revenue figure will be compounded over time as existing meter accuracy decreases and water rates increase. HDR Engineering, Inc. Dubuque Water Meter Review and Testing Page 2 of 26

4 Table 1-1 Revenue Recovery for Fiscal Year 2009 Rates Fixed Radio Network Meter System, 20 Year NPV Capital Cost Years to Payback at Given Inaccuracy 5% 6.9% 10% $6,400, The fixed radio system requires fewer employees for meter reading and results in lower operating and total costs than the existing system contracting with Aquila to read the meters. The fixed radio system alternative assumes City staff will be responsible for the radio network, billing and will continue to perform routine meter maintenance and replacement as is currently done. The Aquila alternative assumes Aquila will read the meters and City staff will be responsible for meter maintenance and billing. There is not expected to be a significant change in City staff levels from the current system to the fixed radio network system. However, the cost of contracting with Aquila will be saved. Currently, the annual cost for Aquila is about $140,000 and is expected to increase approximately 3% per year. In addition to direct cost savings, there are many non-direct financial benefits of moving to a fixed radio network meter system compared to the existing meter system. Fixed radio network meters improve customer service and staff efficiency by allowing real-time meter reading. Water meter remote registers on the side of buildings will be removed and problems with meter accessibility and the need to enter a home or business for meter reading will be eliminated. The large amount of data that can be easily and remotely collected with a fixed radio network system will allow City staff to efficiently develop water system hydraulic models, track water consumption trends and plan for future water system requirements. Parts for repairs for some of the older existing water meters are becoming more difficult due to the lack of availability. The high number of meters out of specification, annual lost revenue, and other benefits support implementing a meter change-out program. Based on a meter asset life of twenty years and a payback period of nine years, there is a positive payback period and it is recommended that meter replacement be considered. 2.0 Meter Testing Program 2.1 Meter Testing Goals and Objectives The water meter review and testing program was designed to locate inconsistencies in the metering of water and to identify meter accuracy problems resulting from age of meters, and application. The review helps the development of a cost-effective replacement schedule for water meters and provides recommendations for the correction of the identified problems. Select information for various meter accounts was copied from the City s database for review and evaluation. These data were used to put together a cross section of meters based on their age, size, and type. Based on patterns of consumption and meter record information, an application evaluation was performed. This evaluation compared the historical meter use to American Water Works HDR Engineering, Inc. Dubuque Water Meter Review and Testing Page 3 of 26

5 Association (AWWA) standard specifications relating to proper meter size and application as well as age and wear. 2.2 Description of Water Meter Technologies Tested The following sections briefly describe three common types of water meters Positive Displacement Meters Positive displacement meters are typically used in residential and commercial applications with low flow rates and sizes of less than 2-inches. Displacement meters work by using water to push or displace a piston or nutating disk connected to a measuring system. Displacement meters are commonly used in applications with flow rates of less than 50 gallons per minute. High flow rates in displacement meters can create high head losses that make their use impractical for large meters Compound Meters Compound meters are used for applications that require measurement of a wide range of flow rates. A compound meter consists of two separate meters and a check valve that controls flow to each meter. The low flow meter is usually a positive displacement meter and the high flow meter is often a turbine meter. As flow rates increase, a check valve opens to divert a portion or all of the water to the high flow meter. The readings from each meter are added to determine the total water consumption. Compound meters can experience inaccuracy during change-over when the check valve is partially open and flow is diverted to both meters. It is important to test compound meters over a wide range of flow rates. Compound meters tend to require more maintenance than other meter types. Inaccuracy at high flow rates caused by either a faulty check valve or faulty high flow meter can result in potentially high losses in revenue Turbine Meters Turbine meters work by using water to rotate a turbine connected to a measuring device. Turbine meters are designed for high flow applications and low head losses. Turbine meters are not very accurate at low or highly variable flow rates and are commonly available in sizes 2-inches and greater. The number of turbine meters used in most cities is typically small compared to other meter types; however a single turbine meter may measure 500 to 1,000 times more water volume than a residential meter per month, making them an important consideration. 2.3 Methodology Small meters up to 1-inch were tested in the City maintenance shop following AWWA standards. The large meter testing program went beyond the stated AWWA meter testing specifications. There are differences between meter testing conducted in the field versus testing meters in a controlled laboratory environment or established meter testing shop using volumetric tanks. Field conditions should be taken into consideration when testing meters in the field. Also the AWWA M-6 meter testing manual has no set standards for field testing, only to try to emulate as close as possible the suggested meter testing flow or to follow each meter manufacturer s suggested flow rates. HDR Engineering, Inc. Dubuque Water Meter Review and Testing Page 4 of 26

6 Therefore, the Project Team found it imperative to adhere to a strict method of field testing while taking into consideration the AWWA meter performance standards. This methodology was designed to allow for a systematic diagnosis of the meter s performance based on several flow rates across that specific meter s size and type beyond the AWWA s three tests (minimum, intermediate, and maximum). Meters were tested across a range of flows in order to determine patterns of mechanical wear at various flow rates. The flow rates used are a combination of AWWA recommended flow rates (per M-6 manual of the AWWA) and meter manufacturer flow rates. All compound meters were tested at six flows rates, concentrating on the change over rate which is the most critical flow rate in a compound water meter. (AWWA states three tests, the change over rate being one of them. *Reference AWWA M6 Manual, 4 th edition Chapter 5) 1-1/2-inch and larger meters were tested by comparative methods using a certified test meter to test the water customer s meter within its normal operating range or by volumetric methods per AWWA M-6 Manual. Our comparative test meters were Sensus (formerly Rockwell) models that record total volume and current velocity for each of the 4 to 6 tests conducted. The test meters had Electronic Registers" that were automatically reset to zero after each test. These comparative test meter units are themselves "Tested and Certified Accurate" at least once each year. Certificates of were available on the service trucks if questions existed about how the meters were to be tested. There was a minimum of a two person field crew working on the meter testing program at all times, both in the field and during the shop testing of the smaller meters. All meters with a test port were tested in place. Meter installations where there were no test ports were documented. Each meter was analyzed as to the meter setting (i.e. installed piping connection configuration and service application) to determine if the meter could be tested in place without removal, and without undue inconvenience to the water customer. The Project Team observed each setting for an inlet valve, an outlet valve to be able to isolate the meter from use during testing, and a test port of correct size as well as position to attain enough flow velocity to test the meter across the range of flow rates for that specific meter. If a by-pass line was available, it was flushed prior to testing to insure no water service interruption for a critical customer such as a hospital. During each test, proper meter application and sizing were confirmed by visual inspection of the general area and observed meter readings to ensure the correct meter was in place and the setting is correct for the application (the meter setting is important because improper configurations can adversely affect meter accuracy). Some of the 1-1/2-inch and 2-inch displacement meters were able to be tested in place by using available test ports of existing backflow preventors. Here it was critical to achieve at least 10% or more of the lower operating range of that particular meter to be able to qualify as a valid meter test (per AWWA M-6 manual). Some of the 1-1/2-inch and 2-inch meters were tested at a sink using a calibrated small meter. Again, the flow tests used were at or over the lower 10% of the operating range of the meter. Shutdowns were limited when possible to minimize inconvenience for water customers. Meters were selected randomly for testing by year of installation and size. A total of 196 meters were selected for testing, ranging in size from 5/8-inch to 8-inches. However, two large meters were not able to be tested, resulting in a total of 194 meters being tested as follows: 5/8-inch meters: 40 tested ¾-inch meters: 20 tested 1-inch meters: 10 tested 1-1/2-inch meters: 46 tested HDR Engineering, Inc. Dubuque Water Meter Review and Testing Page 5 of 26

7 2-inch meters: 27 tested 3-inch meters: 2 turbine meters and 27 compound meters were tested 4-inch meters: 3 turbine meters and 13 compound meters were tested. Two 4-inch compound meters were found not to be testable due to site conditions (see individual reports) 6-inch meters: 5 compound meters were tested 8-inch meter: 1 (8 x2 ) fire meter (turbine) was tested The Project Team maintained an interactive role with the City Staff. The field staff met with assigned City Staff daily, and as needed. The Project Team worked with the City and water customers for all test scheduling and two (2) person teams were used to perform the work. Frequent communication was maintained with City Staff so problem meters and/or issues with water customers could be addressed in a timely manner. The Project Team conducted short interviews with staff about the particulars of the selected meter locations such as changes in the occupancy of the buildings, age of the meters, meter reading systems, etc. This provided a greater understanding of how meters were functioning, allowing priorities to be assigned to particular segments of the work. City personnel were not required to assist field technicians except where there were issues with gaining entry due to security or other concerns. In some cases, City personnel helped the field crews and their help was genuinely appreciated. 3.0 Meter Test Results 3.1 Small Meter Test Results A total of 70 small meters were selected for testing ranging from 5/8-inch to 1-inch inch meters, 20 3/4-inch meters, and 40 5/8-inch meters were tested. Appendix 6.1 shows details of the test results for the small meters. The test results were subjected to two weighted averages, one was the 15%-70%-15% as set by AWWA and the other weighted average was set at 5%-90%-5%. The percentages refer to the weighting given to the test results at low flow, intermediate flow and high flows. The highest weighting is given to intermediate flows since small meters usually do not operate at low or high flows for extended lengths of time under normal usage. AWWA recommends 15%-70%-15% as a weighted average to help figure usage patterns for residential meters. Additionally, another weighted average was included with the results. This average was set at 5%- 90%-5% for the low, intermediate, and high flow ranges. The 5%-90%-5% has been found to be more representative for some customers. There was little variation between the 15%-70%-15% and 5%-90%-5% weighted averages. 33% of the small meters failed at the 15%-70%-5% weighted average and 36% failed at the 5%-90%-5% weighted average. The overall accuracy of the small meters at the 15%-70%-15% average was 92.27% and 92.38% at 5%-90%-5%. Without detailed monitoring of the actual usage of each meter, it is impossible to know the actual weighted average of the meter. Given the similar results for both weighted averages, the AWWA recommended 15%-70%-15% weighted average will be used for the purposes of this report. HDR Engineering, Inc. Dubuque Water Meter Review and Testing Page 6 of 26

8 Figure 3-1 shows the small meter test results. Figure 3-1 Small Meter Test Results The small meter test results indicate there is loss of revenue occurring. By the AWWA standards, this is considered Non-Revenue Water. Since water meters are the cash registers for the utility, the City of Dubuque is losing money with these meters. The level of lost revenue varies by meter is generally higher for older meters. Almost 50% of the 5/8-inch meters tested failed, representing a large portion of the City s meter population. Most of the small meters tested were installed before 1988, although the exact age could not be determined. Based on City records, a significant number of the small meters were installed prior to As would be expected given the age of the meters, the failure rate for the residential meters is high. With increasing age, meter failures and inaccuracy will increase further. 3.2 Large Meter Test Results Appendix 6.2 presents detailed summaries of the large meter testing results. Results of the Commercial/Industrial testing indicate there is loss of revenue occurring due to meters not performing to accepted standards. By the AWWWA standards, this is considered Non-Revenue Water. Since water meters are the cash registers for the water system, the City of Dubuque is losing money with these meters as well. Figure 3-2 shows the large meter test results. A significant number of the large meters failed testing. Large meters make up a smaller portion of the meter population than the small meters, but convey much higher flow rates per meter and are potentially sources of significant revenue loss. A 4-inch meter will typically produce revenues of HDR Engineering, Inc. Dubuque Water Meter Review and Testing Page 7 of 26

9 greater than $10,000 per year. Failure of a single large meter is equivalent in lost revenue to many small meter failures. There was a higher than expected rate of failure among some of the newer meters, especially compound meters. Compound meters tend to require higher levels of maintenance than other meter types. Consideration should be given to implementing a regular meter maintenance program for larger meters, especially compound type meters 3-IN and above. Table 3-1 shows the large meter tested accuracy by age. Figure 3-2 Large Meter Test Results Table 3-1 Large Meter Tested by Age Meter 1.5-IN 2-IN 3-IN 4-IN 6-IN 8-IN Age, Years Number Tested/ Number Tested/ Number Tested/ Number Tested/ Number Tested/ Number Tested/ % % % % % % % % % % % N/A N/A % % 1 99% % % N/A N/A % % 2 99% N/A N/A % N/A N/A % 2 98% N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Displacement Meters Tested Selected 1-1/2-inch and 2-inch displacement meters were tested by the Project Team. The test results indicate that a significant number of meters are failing (34.7% of the 1-1/2-inch and 48% of the 2-inch). These meters should be replaced as part of a future meter replacement program. Most commercial meters reviewed appeared to be properly sized. HDR Engineering, Inc. Dubuque Water Meter Review and Testing Page 8 of 26

10 3.2.3 Compound Meters Tested Compound meters are designed to operate over a wide range of flow rates. Typical consumption recorded by compounds should indicate 30-40% of usage on the low side, and 60-70% on the high side inch, and 13 4-inch compound meters were tested. Based on the evaluations conducted by the Project Team, the compound meters appear to be properly sized for the accounts that were visited. More than one-third of these meters failed to test within recommended specs. It would appear that many of the compound meters that failed are meters that have not been regularly tested and maintained. These meters should be replaced as part of a future meter replacement program Turbine Meters Tested Two 3-inch, three 4-inch, five 6-inch, and one 8-inch turbine meters were tested. These meters appear to be big revenue generators for the City. Most are installed in settings where water usage is fairly consistent. Relatively few turbine meters are used by the City but the number of failures and potential lost revenue indicate a replacement is in order. The Project Team tested for start flows of the turbine meters. This allowed the team to observe wear patterns for each meter. If the start flow was close to the minimum flow and the minimum flow was testing slow, this indicated the probability of the meter registering high at the high flow. This is due to the mechanics of the meter. Although these meters failed, most of the failures were not catastrophic. However, since these meters are registering incorrectly, there is potential for complete failure at any time without warning. 4.0 Revenue Analysis A revenue analysis has been developed to estimate the revenue lost due to inaccurate water meters. The analysis is based on meter size and consumption information provided by the City. Meter age was not considered for the revenue analysis since consumption information was not available based on meter age. Meter age can be considered in evaluating revenue in terms of availability of parts to repair meters. As meters age, accuracy tends to decrease leading to higher lost revenue. Table 4-1 shows meter accuracy by age range. Meter Age, Years Table 4-1 Meter by Age Percent of Meter Population Average Percent % 92.6% % 93.6% % 97.6% % 90.5% % 88.5% 25+ (1) 41.7% 90% (1) Majority are residential meters installed prior to the mid 1980s HDR Engineering, Inc. Dubuque Water Meter Review and Testing Page 9 of 26

11 Figure 4-1 shows the tested meter accuracy, number of total meters and percent of total consumption by meter size. The shaded area represents the range of acceptable accuracy specified by AWWA. The range of acceptable accuracy varies by meter size with values outside of the shaded area considered to fail testing. Figure 4-1 Meter Percent by Meter Size Total water and wastewater revenue fiscal year 2008 was approximately $8,987,278. A 9% increase is projected for fiscal year 2009 resulting in total revenue of $9,796,133. Table 4-2 shows that 6.9% of total water consumption is not recorded due to meter inaccuracy, resulting in a projected loss in revenue of approximately $676,000 for fiscal year The lost revenue figure will be compounded over time as existing meter accuracy worsens and water rates increase. HDR Engineering, Inc. Dubuque Water Meter Review and Testing Page 10 of 26

12 Table 4-2 Estimate of Meter Inaccuracies Volume of Consumption NOT Recorded, 100 cubic feet Meter Size Total Consumption, 100 cubic feet Percent of Consumption Percent 5/8-IN 1,271, % 91.6% 106,795 ¾-IN 60, % 90.1% 6,035 1-IN 116, % 99.07% 1, /2-IN 88, % 94.8% 4,592 2-IN 299, % 93.4% 19,797 3-IN 258, % 94.2% 15,009 4-IN 210, % 91.2% 18,520 6-IN 79, % 97.5% 1,994 8-IN 166, % 99.4% 1,002 Total 2,552, % 174,825 Total (as % of total production) 6.9% Projected Fiscal Year 2009 Water and Wastewater Revenue Projected Fiscal Year 2009 Revenue Lost to Meter Inaccuracy $9,796,000 $676, Recommendations The 2007 Water Meter Plan and System Evaluation considered multiple options for a new meter system. Based on the recommendations of the 2007 Meter Plan and System Evaluation and the results of the recently completed Water Meter Review and Testing, the following recommendations constitute the preferred strategic plan. Meter Reading Technology: Fixed Radio. After preliminary consideration of many meter technologies and detailed consideration of several potential meter options, the automatic meter reading (AMR) alternative of a fixed radio network was identified as the best option for implementation by the City. A fixed radio network allows remote reading of water meters eliminating the need for meter reading labor for monthly billing readings. It is recommended that specific meter brands and options be re-evaluated once bids are solicited and costs are updated. Deployment Time Period: Short (Contractor Installed). A short time period is recommended for deployment of new meters and meter reading technology. With contractor installation, City-wide meter replacement could occur within two years. The deployment period would likely increase to approximately ten years if the City were to deploy new equipment with existing City staff. Deployment Strategy: Opportunistic and Geographical. The recommended meter deployment approach is a combination of opportunistic and geographical strategies. Early opportunistic deployment will allow the City to first replace large meters with known accuracy problems and significant loss of revenue followed by geographical replacement HDR Engineering, Inc. Dubuque Water Meter Review and Testing Page 11 of 26

13 which is most efficient when working with Aquila for the replacement meter system replacement. Meter Maintenance/Management: o Before Meter Replacement: Contractor-Managed Meter Testing: This report details the results of the water meter review and testing program. The results of the testing helps the development of a cost-effective replacement schedule for water meters and provides recommendations for the correction of the problems located. o During Meter Replacement: City-Managed: It is recommended that the City establish a new meter testing protocol. A statistical sampling of one-half to one percent of all new meters would establish base-line data and confirm accuracy. This phase of meter management would be managed by the City, but the actual meter testing would conducted by the contractor as part of the meter replacement program. o After Meter Replacement: City-Managed: The most important aspect of a water meter plan is the long-term management of the meters to ensure reliability and accuracy. It is recommended that the City develop a routine testing program to track trends in accuracy and maintenance. It is likely that a meter testing program would require some additional number of staff depending on the meter technology selected, which will influence the number of required field staff to an extent. Testing and maintenance is especially important for larger meters since relatively little labor can save significant loss in revenue. Regular testing of compound and turbine meters 3- inches and above and less frequent testing of smaller meters is recommended. Implementation The following are key steps that will aid in implementation of the recommendations outlined above. Site Visits: Visit other utilities to observe their experiences with water meter replacement programs and systems. Several regional utilities have recently implemented new meter systems. Develop Meter Maintenance/Management Program: The information that can be obtained regarding its existing metering system will enable the City to better justify revenue recovery, construct bid specifications, develop deployment strategies, and plan for future replacement cycles. Develop Bid Specifications: The City should consider developing bid specifications for Citywide meter replacement, in parallel with developing the meter maintenance and management program. The purpose of this effort is to learn precisely what options vendors have available to the City and their associated costs. The City will also need to examine these project management requirements. Even with a turnkey project, there are numerous project management and support tasks that must be performed by the City or an agent retained to represent the City. These decisions will affect the overall cost of the project. Re-evaluate Return on Investment: Once vendor bids are received for City-wide water service meter replacement, the information should be evaluated using the tools such as the cost model and previously discussed approaches. An overriding feature of the meter plan is that it, and the City, must remain flexible and open to change during implementation. The 2007 Water Meter Plan and System Evaluation recommended installing a fixed radio network meter system as the lowest cost alternative. A fixed radio network allows remote reading of water meters, eliminating the need for labor intensive manual meter reading. From the 2007 Water Meter System Evaluation cost model, the 20 year present value cost of a fixed radio network water meter system will be approximately $6,400,000 and includes the cost of new water meters, radio equipment, computers and other hardware. Based on current lost revenue and the estimated 2007 HDR Engineering, Inc. Dubuque Water Meter Review and Testing Page 12 of 26

14 cost for a new fixed network meter system, the payback period would be approximately nine years. Table 5-1 shows the preliminary payback period for the fixed radio network meter replacement program. The lost revenue figure will be compounded over time as existing meter accuracy decreases and water rates increase. Table 5-1 Revenue Recovery for Fiscal Year 2009 Rates Fixed Radio Network Meter System, 20 Year NPV Capital Cost Years to Payback at Given Inaccuracy 5% 6.9% 10% $6,400, The fixed radio system requires fewer employees for meter reading and results in lower operating and total costs than the existing system contracting with Aquila to read the meters. The fixed radio system alternative assumes City staff will be responsible for the radio network, billing and will continue to perform routine meter maintenance and replacement as is currently done. The Aquila alternative assumes Aquila will read the meters and City staff will be responsible for meter maintenance and billing. There is not expected to be a significant change in City staff levels from the current system to the fixed radio network system. However, the cost of contracting with Aquila will be saved. Currently, the annual cost for Aquila is about $140,000 and is expected to increase approximately 3% per year. In addition to direct cost savings, there are many non-direct financial benefits of moving to a fixed radio network meter system compared to the existing meter system. Fixed radio network meters improve customer service and staff efficiency by allowing real-time meter reading. Water meter remote registers on the side of buildings will be removed and problems with meter accessibility and the need to enter a home or business for meter reading will be eliminated. The large amount of data that can be easily and remotely collected with a fixed radio network system will allow City staff to efficiently develop water system hydraulic models, track water consumption trends and plan for future water system requirements. Parts and repairs for some of the older existing water meters are becoming more difficult; new meters will allow for easier meter repair work. The high number of meters out of specification, annual lost revenue, and other benefits support implementing a meter change-out program. Based on a meter asset life of twenty years and a payback period of nine years, there is a positive payback period and it is recommended that meter replacement be considered. HDR Engineering, Inc. Dubuque Water Meter Review and Testing Page 13 of 26

15 6.0 Appendices 6.1 Small Meter Test Results Table 6-1 Small Meter Test Summary size S/N Min GPM Min Acc. Inter. GPM Inter. Acc. Max GPM Max Acc. Overall Pass/Fail Year of Meter Installation 5/8" F Pre /8" P Pre /8" P Pre /8" P Pre /8" F Pre /8" P Pre /8" P Pre /8" P Pre /8" P Pre /8" P Pre /8" F Pre /8" F Pre /8" P Pre /8" F Pre /8" F Pre /8" F /8" P Pre /8" F Pre /8" P Pre /8" F Pre /8" P Pre /8" F Pre /8" F /8" F Pre /8" F Pre /8" F Pre /8" F Pre /8" F Pre /8" F Pre /8" P Pre /8" F /8" P Pre /8" F /8" P 1985 HDR Engineering, Inc. Dubuque Water Meter Review and Testing Page 14 of 26

16 Table 6-2 Small Meter Test Summary (Continued) size S/N Min GPM Min Acc. Inter. GPM Inter. Acc. Max GPM Max Acc. Overall Pass/Fail Year of Meter Installation 5/8" F /8" F /8" F /8" P /8" P Pre /8" F /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" F Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" F Pre /4" P Pre /4" F Pre /4" P Pre /4" F Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre " P Pre " F Pre " F Pre " P Pre " F Pre " P Pre " P Pre " P Pre " P Pre " P Pre HDR Engineering, Inc. Dubuque Water Meter Review and Testing Page 15 of 26

17 Table 6-3 Small Meter 15%-70%-15% Weighted Results Minimum Flow Intermediate Flow Maximum Flow Overall Results Limits (95%- 101%) Limits (98.5% %) Limits (98.5% %) Limits (98.5% %) size S/N GPM Min Acc. 15% weighted average Inter. GPM Inter. Acc. 70% weighted average Max GPM Max Acc. 15% weighted average Overall Overall Pass/Fail Year of Meter Installation 5/8" P Pre /8" P Pre /8" P Pre /8" P Pre /8" F Pre /8" P Pre /8" P Pre /8" P Pre /8" P Pre /8" P Pre /8" F Pre /8" F Pre /8" F Pre /8" F Pre /8" P Pre /8" F /8" P Pre /8" F Pre /8" P Pre /8" F Pre /8" P Pre /8" F Pre /8" F /8" F Pre /8" P Pre /8" P Pre /8" F Pre /8" P Pre /8" F Pre /8" P Pre /8" F /8" F Pre HDR Engineering, Inc. Dubuque Water Meter Review and Testing Page 16 of 26

18 Limits Table 6-4 Small Meter 15%-70%-15% Weighted Results (Continued) Minimum Flow Intermediate Flow Maximum Flow Overall Results (95%- 101%) (98.5% %) (98.5% %) (98.5% %) size S/N GPM Min Acc. 15% weighted average Inter. GPM Inter. Acc. 70% weighted average Max GPM Max Acc. 15% weighted average Overall Overall Pass/Fail Year of Meter Installation 5/8" F /8" P /8" F /8" F /8" F /8" P /8" P Pre /8" F /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" F Pre /4" P Pre /4" F Pre /4" P Pre /4" F Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre " P Pre " P Pre " F Pre " P Pre " F Pre " P Pre " P Pre " P Pre " P Pre " P Pre HDR Engineering, Inc. Dubuque Water Meter Review and Testing Page 17 of 26

19 Table 6-5 Small Meter 5%-90%-5% Weighted Results Limits (95%- 101%) Limits (98.5% %) Limits (98.5% %) Limits (98.5% %) size S/N GPM Min Acc. 5% weighted average Inter. GPM Inter. Acc. 90% weighted average Max GPM Max Acc. 5% weighted average Overall Overall Pass/Fail Year of Meter Installation 5/8" P Pre /8" P Pre /8" P Pre /8" P Pre /8" P Pre /8" P Pre /8" P Pre /8" P Pre /8" P Pre /8" P Pre /8" F Pre /8" F Pre /8" F Pre /8" F Pre /8" P Pre /8" F /8" P Pre /8" F Pre /8" P Pre /8" F Pre /8" P Pre /8" F Pre /8" F /8" F Pre /8" P Pre /8" P Pre /8" F Pre /8" P Pre /8" F Pre /8" P Pre /8" P /8" F Pre /8" F 1985 HDR Engineering, Inc. Dubuque Water Meter Review and Testing Page 18 of 26

20 Table 6-6 Small Meter 5%-90%-5% Weighted Results (Continued) Limits (95%- 101%) Limits (98.5% %) Limits (98.5% %) Limits (98.5% %) size S/N GPM Min Acc. 5% weighted average Inter. GPM Inter. Acc. 90% weighted average Max GPM Max Acc. 5% weighted average Overall Overall Pass/Fail Year of Meter Installation 5/8" P /8" F /8" F /8" F /8" P /8" P Pre /8" F /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" F Pre /4" P Pre /4" F Pre /4" P Pre /4" F Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre /4" P Pre " P Pre " P Pre " F Pre " P Pre " F Pre " P Pre " P Pre " P Pre " P Pre " P Pre HDR Engineering, Inc. Dubuque Water Meter Review and Testing Page 19 of 26

21 6.2 Large Meter Test Results HDR Engineering, Inc. Dubuque Water Meter Review and Testing Page 20 of 26

22 Table /2-inch Meter Test Summary Limits Low Flow Inter. Flow High Flow Size Mfg. Type : S/N GPM ACC. GPM ACC. GPM ACC. Status Year Installed 1.5" Sensus Displacement FAILED Pre " Sensus Displacement FAILED Pre " Sensus Displacement FAILED Pre " Sensus Displacement FAILED " Sensus Displacements FAILED Pre " Sensus Displacement FAILED " Sensus Displacement FAILED " Sensus Displacement FAILED " Sensus Displacement FAILED " Sensus Displacement FAILED " Sensus Displacement FAILED Pre " Sensus Displacement FAILED " Sensus Displacement FAILED " Sensus Displacement FAILED Pre " Sensus Displacement FAILED Pre " Sensus Displacement PASSED Pre " Sensus Displacement FAILED Pre " Sensus Displacement PASSED Pre " Sensus Displacement PASSED Pre " Sensus Displacement PASSED Pre " Sensus Displacement PASSED Pre " Sensus Displacement PASSED " Sensus Displacement PASSED Pre " Sensus Displacement PASSED " Sensus Displacement PASSED " Sensus Displacement PASSED " Sensus Displacement PASSED " Sensus Displacement PASSED " Sensus Displacement PASSED " Sensus Displacement PASSED Pre " Sensus Displacement PASSED " Sensus Displacement PASSED Pre " Sensus Displacement PASSED " Sensus Displacement PASSED " Sensus Displacement PASSED " Sensus Displacement PASSED " Sensus Displacement PASSED " Sensus Displacement PASSED Pre " Sensus Displacement PASSED " Sensus Displacement PASSED " Sensus Displacement PASSED Pre " Sensus Displacement PASSED Pre " Sensus Displacement PASSED " Sensus Displacement PASSED Pre " Sensus Displacement PASSED Pre " Sensus Displacement PASSED Pre-1988 HDR Engineering, Inc. Dubuque Water Meter Review and Testing Page 21 of 26

23 Table inch Meter Test Summary Limits Low Flow Inter. Flow High Flow Size Mfg. Type S/N GPM ACC. GPM ACC. GPM ACC. Status Year Installed 2" Sensus Displacement FAILED " Sensus Displacement FAILED " Sensus Displacement FAILED 1995 Pre- 2" Sensus Displacement FAILED " Sensus Displacement FAILED " Sensus Displacement FAILED " Sensus Displacement FAILED " Sensus Displacement FAILED " Sensus Displacement FAILED " Sensus Displacement FAILED Pre " Sensus Displacement FAILED Pre " Sensus Displacement FAILED 1991 Pre- 2" Sensus Displacement FAILED " Sensus Displacement PASSED " Sensus Displacement PASSED Pre " Sensus Displacement PASSED Pre " Sensus Displacement PASSED " Sensus Displacement PASSED 1997 Pre- 2" Sensus Displacement PASSED " Sensus Displacement PASSED 1997 Pre- 2" Sensus Displacement PASSED " Sensus Displacement PASSED " Sensus Displacement PASSED " Sensus Displacement PASSED " Sensus Displacement PASSED " Sensus Displacement PASSED 1991 Pre- 2" Sensus Displacement PASSED 1988 HDR Engineering, Inc. Dubuque Water Meter Review and Testing Page 22 of 26