Santiago BUS-DPF-Retrofit Swiss Contributions and Lessons of the Pilot Project Andreas Mayer / TTM

Transcription

1 1 Santiago BUS-DPF-Retrofit Swiss Contributions and Lessons of the Pilot Project 2004 Andreas Mayer / TTM

2 Emission Reduction Potential of DPF Russ PAH Asche CO HC NOx krebserzeugende Substanzen

3 Principles for DPF-Retrofits 3 There must be a Will at involved levels HE-motivated Vehicles must be well maintained Low S-Fuel and LASP-lube oil available Drivers and Mechanics instructed Periodic Controls in place DPF must be VERT-certified and OBC-equipped Only DPF-manufacturer with specific experience Local Partners, well trained and local service support Financial, guarantee, data transfer issues solved at Start

4 Swiss Contributions 4 Consult and Discuss Overall Concept of the Program Type Approval and Quality Control - Criteria and Methods Selection and Evaluation of DPF-Candidates/Manufacturers Provide Dataloggers: Installation and Data Evaluation Particle Measurement: Instruments and Instruction Selection of Filter Systems for Pilot Test Evaluation of Pilot Test Data General Information on DPF- Experience Worldwide Advice on Methodology for Large Scale Retrofit

5 5 Concept of the Pilot Program Select 10 representative Vehicles Check on emissions, noise, fuel economy, oil consumption Select DPF-candidates based on Principles Monitor 10 candidate vehicles over 2 month duty cycle Install DPF and run 1. Emission Control on Chassis Dyno Field Test over 2 month / km with data acquisition logbook, fuel and lube controls and detailed reporting on any event of malfunctioning 2. Emission Control on Chassis Dyno Based on Data and Information Approval for LS-Retrofit

6 6 Schedule of the Pilot Program : 1.Meeting Pilot Program Concept (Santiago) : Meeting with AKPF Filter Manufacturers (Zürich) : Datalogger installed : Datalogging w/o DPF complete : low S-Fuel (DIESEL CIUDAD PLUS) available! : DPF-System-Selection (Santiago) : ETH-conference; meetings (Zürich) : Start Retrofit last scheduled retrofit : First emission Test with Nanoparticle analysis (Me&TSI) : Second emission measurements concluded : Pilot Phase concluding meeting (Santiago) Impressive: how perfect this program has been managed by 3CV!

7 Vehicles and DPF Candidates 7

8 8 Monitoring - Datalogging Not only during Pilot Program Data Monitor is part of each Filter System

9 Installation with noise attenuation, heat insulation, vibration decoupling, access for measurements 9

10 Emission Control 10 Chassis Dynamometer NOx, CO, HC, PM = limited emissions Smoke during free acceleration Ultrafine Particles: SMPS and NanoMet Noise Field (road)- Control Smoke during free acceleration (not sensitive) Engine Dynamometer NOx, CO, HC, PM = limited emissions Smoke during free acceleration Ultrafine Particles: SMPS and NanoMet Size specific metal particle analysis Secondary emissions

11 11 Some Representative Data without/with Filter Exhaust-Temperatures Filter-Backpressures Exhaust-Emissions

12 Monitored History with Particle Filter Vehicle: TT 2191 Filter: Engelhard 1 12

13 Monitored History with Particle Filter Vehicle: NR 4362 Filter: Engelhard 2 13

14 Monitored History with Particle Filter Vehicle: TE 3776 Filter: HJS-CRT 1 14

15 Monitored History with Particle Filter Vehicle: SZ 5875 Filter: HUSS 2 15

16 Monitored History with Particle Filter Vehicle: TF 5204 Filter: ADASTRA 16

17 Monitored History with Particle Filter Vehicle: RR 1547 Filter: AIRMEEX 17

18 Monitored History with Particle Filter Vehicle: TZ 7737 Filter: Clean Air 18

19 Monitored History with Particle Filter Vehicle: UZ 2582 Oxidation Catalyst Südchemie 19

20 Average Exhaust Temperatures w/wo Filter for the whole Fleet 20 Chile: Transsantiago Pilot Project, Loggerdata Evaluation Status: Vehicles: 12 Measurements: Ð Average Exhaust Temperature [¼C] Sampling Interval 60 s Sampling Interval 4 s Overall Evaluation Sampling Interval 60 s; T Ð 50 ¼C Sampling Interval 1 s * 400 without / with Trap 350 Average * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * LD 8523 NR 4362 RR 1547 SZ 5875 TB 8691 TE 3776 TF 5204 TT 2191 TZ/UK/UY UZ 2582

21 21 Temperatures and Pressure w/wo Filter Vehicle: TT 2191 Filter: Engelhard 1 Vehicle: TT Status: Sampling Interval 1 s Sampling Interval 60 s Pressure Max. Sampling Interval 4 s Sampling Interval 60 s; Ð50¼C T Pressure Average without / with Trap Average

22 22 Temperatures and Pressure w/wo Filter Vehicle: NR 4362 Filter: Engelhard 2 Vehicle: NR Status: Sampling Interval 1 s Sampling Interval 60 s Pressure Max. Sampling Interval 4 s Sampling Interval 60 s; Ð50¼C T Pressure Average without / with Trap Average

23 Temperatures and Pressure w/wo Filter Vehicle: TE 3776 Filter: HJS CRT 1 Vehicle: TE Status: Sampling Interval 1 s Sampling Interval 60 s Pressure Max. Sampling Interval 4 s Sampling Interval 60 Ð50¼C s; T Pressure Average without / with Trap Average

24 Temperatures and Pressure w/wo Filter Vehicle: SZ 5875 Filter: HUSS 2 Vehicle: SZ Status: Sampling Interval 1 s Sampling Interval 60 s Pressure Max. Sampling Interval 4 s Sampling Interval 60 Ð50¼C s; T Pressure Average without / with Trap Average

25 25 Temperatures and Pressure w/wo Filter Vehicle: RR 1547 Filter: AIRMEEX Vehicle: RR Status: Sampling Interval 1 s Sampling Interval 60 s Pressure Max. Sampling Interval 4 s Sampling Interval 60 Ð50¼C s; T Pressure Average without / with Trap Average

26 Temperatures and Pressure w/wo Filter Vehicle: TF 5204 Filter: ADASTRA Vehicle: TF Status: Sampling Interval 1 s Sampling Interval 60 s Pressure Max. Sampling Interval 4 s Sampling Interval 60 Ð50¼C s; T Pressure Average Average without / with Trap

27 Temperatures and Pressure w/wo Filter Vehicle: TZ 7737 Filter: Clean Air Vehicles: TZ 7737 / UK 8319 / UY Status: Sampling Interval 60 s Sampling Interval 60 s; Ð50¼C T with Trap Pressure Max. Pressure Average

28 Filtration Efficiency Aftertreatment Licence plate Filtration Adastra DPF VERT TF % Airmeex DPF VERT RR % Engelhard DPF VERT NR % Engelhard DPF VERT TT % HJS DPF VERT TE % HJS DPF VERT TJ % HJS DPF VERT VF % Huss DPF VERT LD % Huss DPF VERT SZ % DOC DOC ZU % Filter X DPF UK % Filter Y DPF UY %

29 29 Filter-System Failures 2 Engelhard: no failure or malfunctions 4 HJS: 1 filter plugged/exchanged due to engine TC-failure 2 Huss: 1 filter plugged due to engine TC-failure 1 Airmeex: filter plugged/cleaned/survived during engine failure 1 Adastra filter plugged due to additiv dosing stop /cleaned/survived 1 CleanAir no failure or malfunctions All Filters and System Elements survived although 3 engines had major problems, Filtration after test was as good as before

30 Engine Failures 30 2 Engine TC-failures: quite unusual high amount of lube oil can plug the CRT-catalyst and when soaked by the filter damages the filter structure due to high regeneration exotherms. 1 Engine Piston-rod-bearing failures: followed by heavy piston seizing massive oil leakage to the exhaust combined with high smoke emission filter plugged DPF can not trigger such failures if backpresssure is under control backpressure monitoring, alarm if backpressure 200 mbar is exceeded.

31 Conclusions from Pilot Program 31 The Pilot Program has provided all required information: Emission reduction potential proved to be excellent Operating conditions are favorable for regenerations Installations, although tailor-made, survived Local companies can pick-up the retrofit-technology Enough filter systems approved to insure competition However: Engine failures are annoying improve maintenance Reporting on malfunctions must be improved Instruction on filter technology is now urgent First LS-retrofit phase must be very carefully supervised Emission control should be very frequent in first period

32 Recommendations for Large-Scale Retrofit-Phase 32 All Filters with electronic onboard control OBC with alarms Measurement before/after retrofit in each case by filter manufacturer (local partner) copy of protocol to 3 CV Filter Manufacturer must report every 3 month on number of retrofits, failures, malfunctions, guarantee cases 10 representative vehicles out of each group closely followed ( 1 year) by 3CV with frequent emission checks First 25 retrofits of each manufacturer be checked by 3 CV Introduce: LASP-Oils, Maintenance-Label, Emission-Label 2-year warranty for all filter elements and proper functioning

33 Truck-Installation in place of Muffler 33

34 34 Maintenance Label Emission Label

35 Low-S-Fuel and LASP-Lube Oils) 35

36 36 Thank You for your kind Attention We are ready for Questions now or later