CONTENTS. Chapter 1 Industrial Catalysts. Chapter 2 The First Catalysts
|
|
- Sharon Lyons
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 CONTENTS Chapter 1 Industrial Catalysts 1.1 Introduction What is a Catalyst? Activity Selectivity and Yield Stability Strength Catalyst Production Precipitation Impregnation Other Production Methods Catalyst Testing Physical Tests Chemical Composition Activity Testing Catalyst Operation Reactor Design Catalytic Reactors Catalyst Operating Conditions 1.6 Conclusion References 22 Chapter 2 The First Catalysts 2.1 Sulfuric Acid The Lead Chamber Process Chemistry of the Lead Chamber Process 26 xi
2 xii Contents The Continuing Use of the Lead Chamber Process Raw Material for Sulfuric Acid Production Contact Process Development Modern Sulfuric Acid Processes Catalyst Preparation Sulfuric Acid Plant Design Cesium-Promoted Catalysts Sulfuric Acid Plant Operation Improved Catalyst Shapes The Deacon Process The Process Operation Catalyst Preparation Development Claus Sulfur Recovery Process The Claus Process Claus Plant Operation Claus Process Catalysts Catalyst Operation Ammonia Synthesis Sir William Crookes Development of the Ammonia Synthesis Process Commercial Application of Ammonia Synthesis Catalysts The Haber Bosch Synthesis Reactor Conclusions Coal Hydrogenation The Bergius Process Commercial Development by I. G. Farben Cooperation between I. G. Farben and Standard Oil Commercial Developments by ICI International Cooperation Coal Hydrogenation Processes The I. G. Farben Process The ICI Process Catalysts for Coal Hydrogenation Creosote and Other Feeds The Fischer-Tropsch Process Postwar Development of the Synthol Process by Sasol The Importance of Gas-to-Liquids as Gasoline Prices Increase 68 References 69
3 Contents xiii Chapter 3 Hydrogenation Catalysts 3.1 The Development of Hydrogenation Catalysts Sabatier and Senderens The First Industrial Application of Nickel Catalysts Ipatieff and High-Pressure Hydrogenation of Liquids Colloidal Platinum and Palladium Catalysts by Paal Platinum and Palladium Black Catalysts by Willstatter Adams Platinum Oxide Raney Nickel Catalysts Nickel Oxide/Kieselguhr Catalysts Nickel Oxide-Alumina Catalysts Copper Chromite Catalysts Copper Oxide/Zinc Oxide Catalysts Hydrogenation of Fats and Oils Process Development Oil Hydrogenation Fat Hardening Catalysts Catalyst Selectivity Feed Pretreatment Catalyst Operation Catalyst Poisons Fatty Acid Hydrogenation The Production of Fatty Alcohols Natural Fatty Alcohols Catalyst Operation Reaction of Fatty Alcohols Some Industrial Hydrogenation Processes Nitrobenzene Reduction Benzene Hydrogenation Removal of Aromatics Hydrogenation of Phenol Selective Hydrogenation of Acetylenes and Dienes Acetylene Hydrogenation Process Design Early Acetylene Hydrogenation Catalysts Sulfided Cobalt Molybdate Sulfided Nickel Oxide Fused Iron Oxide Palladium Catalyst Guard Beds 106
4 xiv Contents Modern Acetylene Hydrogenation Catalysts Acetylene Hydrogenation Catalyst Preparation Acetylene Hydrogenation Catalyst Operation Tail-End Acetylene Hydrogenation Tail-End Methyl Acetylene/Propadiene Hydrogenation Front-End Acetylene Hydrogenation Selective Hydrogenation of Pyrolysis Gasoline Catalyst Types Catalyst Operation 114 References 115 Chapter 4 Oxidation Catalysts 4.1 Nitric Acid The Ammonia Oxidation Process Catalyst Operation Platinum Recovery Formaldehyde Silver Catalyst Operation Mixed Oxide Catalyst Operation Andrussov Synthesis of Hydrogen Cyanide Hopcalite Catalysts For Carbon Monoxide Oxidation Phthalic Anhydride Naphthalene Oxidation Orthoxylene Oxidation Maleic Anhydride Benzene Feedstock n-butene Feedstock n-butane Feedstock n-butane Oxidation in a Circulating Fluidized Bed Ethylene Oxide Catalyst Operation and Reaction Mechanism Applications of Ethylene Oxide A Redox Oxidation Mechanism: Mars and Van Krevelen Acrolein and Acrylonitrile 156
5 Contents xv Manufacture of Mixed Oxide Catalysts for Acrolein and Acrylonitrile The Acrylonitrile Process Reaction Mechanism Partial Oxidation of Propane Acrylic Acid Oxidation of Isobutene Oxidative Dehydrogenation of n-butenes to Butadiene 162 References 163 Chapter 5 Catalytic Cracking Catalysts 5.1 Introduction Process Development Fixed Beds Moving and Fluidized Beds Catalyst Regeneration and Carbon Monoxide Combustion Catalyst Regeneration Carbon Monoxide Combustion Promoter Equilibrium Catalyst Reaction Mechanism of Catalytic Cracking Reactions Catalyst Development Natural Clay Catalysts Synthetic Silica Alumina Catalysts Preparation of Synthetic Catalysts Zeolite Catalysts Commercial Zeolites Production of Zeolites Formation of Active Sites by Ion Exchange Use of Zeolites in Catalytic Cracking The Catalyst Matrix Octane Catalysts (Catalysts to Increase Octane Rating) Hydrothermal Dealumination of Y-Zeolites Chemical Dealumination of Y-Zeolites Increasing Octane Number Shape Selective Cracking Residue Cracking Catalysts Residual Feeds 198
6 xvi Contents Residue Catalyst Formulation Coke Formation Residue Catalyst Additives Nickel Additives Vanadium Additives Sulfur Oxides Transfer Additives Bottoms Cracking Additive Reformulated Gasoline 206 References 209 Chapter 6 Refinery Catalysts 6.1 The Development of Catalytic Refinery Processes Polymer Gasoline Alkylation Liquid Acid Processes The Mechanism of Alkylation with an Acid Catalyst Liquid Acid Operating Conditions Processes Using Solid-State Acid Catalysts Hydrotreating What Is Hydrotreating? Hydrotreating Processes Catalyst Production and Operation Catalyst Handling Activating the Catalyst Catalyst Operation Catalyst Regeneration Hydrocracking Hydrocracking Processes Single-Stage Processes Two-Stage Processes Once-Through Process Hydrocracking Catalysts Acid Supports Hydrogenation Catalysts Catalyst Preparation Catalyst Activity Catalyst Reactivation 237
7 Contents xvii 6.6 Catalytic Reforming Naphtha Reforming Reactions Reformer Operation Coke Formation Reforming Catalysts Bimetallic Catalysts Catalyst Preparation Catalyst Regeneration Carbon Burn Oxychlorination Platinum Re-Dispersal Catalyst Reduction Catalyst Life Octane Boosting Selectoforming M-Forming Aromatics Production Aromatics Process Cyclar Process M2-Forming Process Catalytic Dewaxing Isomerization Isomerization Catalysts Reaction Mechanism 257 References 258 Chapter 7 Petrochemical Catalysts 7.1 The Development of Petrochemicals Isopropyl Alcohol Acetone Bisphenol-A Cumene Vinyl Chloride The Oxychlorination Reaction Oxychlorination Catalyst Catalyst Operation Synthetic Rubber From Butadiene and Styrene 273
8 xviii Contents Butadiene from Butane Butadiene from Butenes Oxidative Dehydrogenation Propylene from Propane Styrene Ethylbenzene Production Styrene Production after Styrene Plant Operation Ethylbenzene Dehydrogenation (Styrene) Catalysts Synthetic Fibers Nylon Production of Nylon Intermediates Adipic Acid Hexamethylenediamine Nylon Polymer Nylon Caprolactam Cyclohexanone Cyclohexanone Oxime Snia-Viscosa Process Conversion of Cyclohexanone Oxime to Caprolactam Caprolactam from Butadiene Polyesters Paraxylene Terephthalic Acid Alternative Routes for Terephthalic Acid Production Use of Polyesters Hydroformylation and Carbonylation Cobalt Carbonyl Catalysts Phosphine Modified Catalysts Low-Pressure Hydroformylation Commercial Operation Acetic Acid Acetaldehyde Metathesis of Olefins Process Development The Shell Higher-Olefins Process 305 References 306
9 Contents xix Chapter 8 Olefin Polymerization Catalysts 8.1 Low-Pressure Polyethylene Polyethylene Process Development The Development of Polypropylene Catalysts Ziegler Natta Catalysts Early Polyolefin Catalysts Ziegler s Brown Titanium Trichloride Natta s Violet Titanium Trichloride Second-Generation Propylene Polymerization Catalysts Supported Polyethylene Catalysts Supported Polypropylene Catalysts Third-Generation Catalysts Fourth-Generation Catalysts Phillips Polyethylene Catalysts Catalyst Production Catalyst Reduction Catalyst Operation Catalyst Modifiers Titanium Alumina and Zirconia Fluorides Use of Co-catalysts Organo-chromium Catalysts Other Catalysts Polymerization Processes Slurry Processes Solution Processes Gas Phase Process Metallocene/Single-Site Catalysts Early Development Early Development Industrial Operation Catalyst Activators Molecular Weight Control New Catalyst Developments The Molecular Structure of Polyolefins Formation of Polymer Chains 341
10 xx Contents Polymer Chain Termination Molecular Weight 344 References 345 Chapter 9 Synthesis Gas 9.1 Ammonia Synthesis Gas Process Developments Increased Ammonia Production by Steam Reforming Modern Ammonia Plants Feedstock Purification Activated Carbon Hydrodesulfurization Chlorine Removal Sulfur Absorption Operation with Zinc Oxide Preparation of Zinc Oxide Desulfurization of Other Gases Steam Reforming Reformer Design Reforming Catalysts Reformer Operation Secondary Reforming Carbon Monoxide Removal High Temperature Carbon Monoxide Conversion High Temperature Conversion Catalysts Operating Conditions Low Temperature Carbon Monoxide Conversion Operation Catalyst Methanation Operation Catalyst Other Methanation Processes Other Applications of Steam Reforming Methanol Synthesis Gas OXO Synthesis Gas Hydrogen Production Reducing Gas 391
11 Contents xxi Town Gas Production Substitute Natural Gas Autothermal Reforming 393 References 395 Chapter 10 Ammonia and Methanol Synthesis 10.1 Ammonia Synthesis Process Development from Haber-Bosch Process Claude Process Casale Process United States of America Mont Cenis/Uhde Process United Kingdom Ammonia Synthesis Catalysts Catalyst Production Pre-reduced Catalysts Loading Catalyst to Converter Catalyst Discharge from the Converter Catalyst Reduction Reduction of Oxidized Catalyst Reduction of Pre-reduced Catalyst Mechanism of Catalyst Reduction The Ammonia Synthesis Process The Ammonia Synthesis Loop Converter Design New Catalyst Developments Magnetite Catalyst Containing Cobalt Ruthenium Catalyst Catalyst Preparation Full-scale Operation with Ruthenium Catalyst Methanol Synthesis High-pressure Synthesis Zinc Oxide-Chromium Oxide Catalysts High-Pressure Operation Low-pressure Synthesis Copper Oxide Catalysts Copper Catalyst Production 426
12 xxii Contents Precipitates Forming During Production Operation with Copper Catalysts Reaction Mechanism with Copper Catalysts Selectivity Low-pressure Methanol Reactor Types Catalyst Reduction Novel Catalysts 434 References 435 Chapter 11 Environmental Catalysts 11.1 Stationary Sources Selective Catalytic Reduction Selective Catalytic Reduction Catalysts Catalyst Composition Catalyst Operation Reaction Mechanism Removal of Sulfur Dioxide as Sulfuric Acid Gas Turbine Exhausts Low Temperature Vanadium Pentoxide Catalysts Catalytic Combustion Processes Nitric Acid Plant Exhaust Gas Ion-exchanged ZSM-5 Zeolites Mobile Sources Automobile Emission Control Automobile Emission Control Catalysts Bead Catalysts Monolith Catalysts Washcoat Composition Platinum Group Metal Catalysts Catalyst Poisons Platinum Metal Group Availability Catalyst Operation Nitrogen Oxide Removal in Lean-Burn Engines Diesel Engines Volatile Organic Compounds VOC Removal Processes VOC Oxidation Catalysts 468 Reference 469 Index 471
13
CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION SUMMARY 2-1 TECHNICAL ASPECTS 2-1 ECONOMIC ASPECTS 2-2
CONTENTS GLOSSARY xxiii 1 INTRODUCTION 1-1 2 SUMMARY 2-1 TECHNICAL ASPECTS 2-1 ECONOMIC ASPECTS 2-2 3 INDUSTRY STATUS 3-1 TRENDS IN TRANSPORTATION FUEL DEMAND 3-3 TRENDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION 3-3
More informationReport No. 35 BUTADIENE. March A private report by the PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE I PARK, CALIFORNIA
Report No. 35 BUTADIENE by GEORGE E. HADDELAND March 1968 A private report by the PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE I MENLO PARK, CALIFORNIA CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION.......................
More informationImpact of Petroleum Pricing. Raw Material Market Dynamics for Metal Coatings
Impact of Petroleum Pricing Raw Material Market Dynamics for Metal Coatings Petroleum & Natural Gas Markets Have Direct and Indirect Impact on RM Costs Direct Raw Material Availability and Pricing Indirect
More informationETHYLENE-PROPYLENE PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM. Report No. 29A. Supplement A. by SHIGEYOSHI TAKAOKA With contributions by KIICHIRO OHYA.
Report No. 29A ETHYLENE-PROPYLENE Supplement A by SHIGEYOSHI TAKAOKA With contributions by KIICHIRO OHYA March 1971 A private report by the PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE I I MENLO
More informationReplacement Tubes for Gillian Gas Detection Pumps
236SA S 1,1,2-Trichloroethane (10-100 ppm) 235SA S 1,1-Dichloroethane (10-160 ppm) 230SA S 1,2-Dichloroethane (5-50 ppm) 145SA S 1,2-Dichloroethylene (4.2-840 ppm) 194S S 1,3-Dichloropropane (10-500 ppm)
More informationFundamentals of Petrochemical Industry
Fundamentals of Petrochemical Industry Akil Sahiwala Marketing Manager Dow Polyurethanes The Dow Chemical Company AGENDA Petrochemical Value Chain Overview Feedstocks to the Industry Chemical Value Chains
More informationDistillation process of Crude oil
Distillation process of Crude oil Abdullah Al Ashraf; Abdullah Al Aftab 2012 Crude oil is a fossil fuel, it was made naturally from decaying plants and animals living in ancient seas millions of years
More informationFischer-Tropsch Refining
Fischer-Tropsch Refining by Arno de Klerk A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Philosophiae Doctor (Chemical Engineering) in the Department of Chemical Engineering
More informationCatalysts for olefin processes. A range of performance catalysts and absorbents for use across the olefins value chain.
Catalysts for olefin processes A range of performance catalysts and absorbents for use across the olefins value chain. Information contained in this publication or as otherwise supplied to Users is believed
More informationAnnex A: General Description of Industry Activities
Annex A: General Description of Industry Activities 65. The EHS Guidelines for Petroleum Refining cover processing operations from crude oil to finished liquid products, including liquefied petroleum gas
More informationInvestment Planning of an Integrated Petrochemicals Complex & Refinery A Best Practice Approach
Investment Planning of an Integrated Petrochemicals Complex & Refinery A Best Practice Approach RPTC, Moscow, 19 September 2012 David Gibbons Principal Process Consultant Foster Wheeler. All rights reserved.
More informationZeolite Catalyst. Methanol. Propylene. Petrochemical Research & Technology پژوهش و فناوري پتروشیمی
NPC-RT Propylene via Methanol Technology Methanol Zeolite Catalyst December 2016 Propylene ١ Natural Gas Value Chain Methanol Demand & Supply Methanol and Propylene Price Overview of NPC-RT PVM Technology
More informationAbstract Process Economics Program Report No. 158A OCTANE IMPROVERS FOR GASOLINE (February 1992)
Abstract Process Economics Program Report No. 158A OCTANE IMPROVERS FOR GASOLINE (February 1992) Lead phaseout in the United States has brought about a strong interest in oxygenated octane improvers for
More informationHOW OIL REFINERIES WORK
HOW OIL REFINERIES WORK In order to model oil refineries for model railroads some research was conducted into how they operate and what products a refinery produces. Presented below is a basic survey on
More informationHOW OIL REFINERIES WORK
HOW OIL REFINERIES WORK In order to model oil refineries for model railroads some research was conducted into how they operate and what products a refinery produces. Presented below is a basic survey on
More informationAbstract Process Economics Program Report No. 203 ALKANE DEHYDROGENATION AND AROMATIZATION (September 1992)
Abstract Process Economics Program Report No. 203 ALKANE DEHYDROGENATION AND AROMATIZATION (September 1992) Propylene, isobutene, and BTX (benzene, toluene, and xylenes) have traditionally been recovered
More informationConversion Processes 1. THERMAL PROCESSES 2. CATALYTIC PROCESSES
Conversion Processes 1. THERMAL PROCESSES 2. CATALYTIC PROCESSES 1 Physical and chemical processes Physical Thermal Chemical Catalytic Distillation Solvent extraction Propane deasphalting Solvent dewaxing
More informationPreface... xii. 1. Refinery Distillation... 1
Preface... xii Chapter Breakdown... xiii 1. Refinery Distillation... 1 Process Variables... 2 Process Design of a Crude Distillation Tower... 5 Characterization of Unit Fractionation... 11 General Properties
More informationNew Catalytic Process Production of Olefins
New Catalytic Process Production of Olefins for Author: Marcello De Falco, Associate Professor, University UCBM Rome (Italy) 1. Theme description Olefins, mainly ethylene (C2H4) and propylene (C3H6), are
More informationUnipar Oxo Alcohols Plant. Start Up: August, 1984 Location: Mauá - São Paulo - Brasil. Nameplate Capacity:
page 1 Unipar Oxo Alcohols Plant Start Up: August, 1984 Location: Mauá - São Paulo - Brasil Nameplate Capacity:! Oxo plant: 33 KTA in Isodecyl Alcohol [6 t/day of Isodecyl Alcohol or 70 t/day of Tridecyl
More informationKBR Technology Business
KBR Technology Business Tanya Niu ------ Director, Chemicals 2013 Ethane to Ethylene Global Summit, Houston, TX Oct 30 th 2013 KBR, Inc. All Rights Reserved 1 KBR Technology Portfolio Refining ROSE Visbreaking
More informationPetroleum Refining Fourth Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah
Catalytic Reforming Catalytic reforming is the process of transforming C 7 C 10 hydrocarbons with low octane numbers to aromatics and iso-paraffins which have high octane numbers. It is a highly endothermic
More informationArno de Klerk. Fischer Tropsch Refining
Arno de Klerk Fischer Tropsch Refining Arno de Klerk Fischer Tropsch Refining Further Reading Arpe, Hans-Jürgen Industrial Organic Chemistry 5th, completely revised edition 2010 ISBN: 978-3-527-32002-8
More informationAlcohols to Hydrocarbons (ATH)
Alcohols to Hydrocarbons (ATH) Advanced Bioeconomy Leadership Conference 6 th Annual Aviation & Military Biofuels Summit Washington, D.C. Friday March 13th 2015 Forward-Looking Statements Certain statements
More informationFig:1.1[15] Fig.1.2 Distribution of world energy resources. (From World Energy Outlook 2005, International Energy Agency.)[16,17]
Introduction :Composition of petroleum,laboratory tests,refinery feedstocks and products Fig:1.1[15] Fig.1.2 Distribution of world energy resources. (From World Energy Outlook 2005, International Energy
More informationHOW OIL REFINERIES WORK
HOW OIL REFINERIES WORK In order to model oil refineries for model railroads some research was conducted into how they operate and what products a refinery produces. Presented below is a basic survey on
More informationInnovative Solutions for Optimizing Refining & Petrochemicals Synergies. Jean-Paul Margotin
Innovative Solutions for Optimizing Refining & Petrochemicals Synergies Jean-Paul Margotin 1 Agenda Refining & Petrochemical (R&P) synergies: Flow exchanges R&P synergies for olefins production Propylene
More informationAbstract Process Economics Program Report 43D MEGA METHANOL PLANTS (December 2003)
Abstract Process Economics Program Report 43D MEGA METHANOL PLANTS (December 2003) World scale, grass roots methanol plants currently have production capacities as high as 3,000 metric tons per day. A
More informationChemical Technology Prof. Indra D. Mall Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee
Chemical Technology Prof. Indra D. Mall Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee Module - 6 Petroleum Refinery Lecture - 5 Catalytic Cracking Fluid Catalytic Cracking
More informationSTAR process technology Robust on-purpose propylene production technology
STAR process technology Robust on-purpose propylene production technology 23-24 January 2017 The Ritz Carlton, Manama, Bahrain thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions Martin Cosfeld Introduction Who are we?
More informationModern Technology of Petroleum, Greases, Lubricants & Petro Chemicals (2nd Revised Edition)
Modern Technology of Petroleum, Greases, Lubricants & Petro Chemicals (2nd Revised Edition) Author: NIIR Board of Consultants & Engineers Format: Paperback ISBN: 9789381039618 Code: NI45 Pages: 704 Price:
More informationBeverage Grade Carbon Dioxide
Analysis by Gas Chromatography Engineered Solutions, Guaranteed Results. WASSON - ECE INSTRUMENTATION The Challenge Carbon dioxide, used in the production of carbonated soft drinks and other beverages,
More informationCHAPTER 3 OIL REFINERY PROCESSES
CHAPTER 3 OIL REFINERY PROCESSES OUTLINE 1. Introduction 2. Physical Processes 3. Thermal Processes 4. Catalytic Processes 5. Conversion of Heavy Residues 6. Treatment of Refinery Gas Streams INTRODUCTION
More informationPetroleum Refining Fourth Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah
Catalytic Operations Fluidized Catalytic Cracking The fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) unit is the heart of the refinery and is where heavy low-value petroleum stream such as vacuum gas oil (VGO) is
More informationTHE OIL & GAS SUPPLY CHAIN: FROM THE GROUND TO THE PUMP ON REFINING
THE OIL & GAS SUPPLY CHAIN: FROM THE GROUND TO THE PUMP ON REFINING J. Mike Brown, Ph.D. Senior Vice President Technology BASICS OF REFINERY OPERATIONS Supply and Demand Where Does The Crude Oil Come From?
More informationFundamentals of. Petroleum and Petrochemical. Engineering. University of Calcutta Calcutta, India. CRC Press. Taylor & Francis Group
Fundamentals of Petroleum and Petrochemical Engineering Uttam Ray Chaudhuri University of Calcutta Calcutta, India CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of
More informationPEP Review METHYL TERTIARY BUTYL ETHER PRODUCTION FROM STEAM CRACKER C 4 STREAM By Syed N. Naqvi (December 2012)
PEP Review 2012-07 METHYL TERTIARY BUTYL ETHER PRODUCTION FROM STEAM CRACKER C 4 STREAM By Syed N. Naqvi (December 2012) ABSTRACT This Review presents a technoeconomic evaluation of a methyl tertiary butyl
More informationCatalytic Reforming for Aromatics Production. Topsoe Catalysis Forum Munkerupgaard, Denmark August 27 28, 2015 Greg Marshall GAM Engineering LLC 1
Catalytic Reforming for Aromatics Production Topsoe Catalysis Forum Munkerupgaard, Denmark August 27 28, 2015 Greg Marshall GAM Engineering LLC GAM Engineering LLC 1 REFINERY CONFIURATION LPG NAPHTHA HYDROTREATING
More informationACO TM, The Advanced Catalytic Olefins Process
ACO TM, The Advanced Catalytic Olefins Process Michael Tallman Evolution of the Modern Car 18: Inventor Cugnot invents steam powered car 18 s Steam Powered Car 187 1 st Gasoline Powered Car Early 19s 187:
More informationUnit 4. Fluidised Catalytic Cracking. Assistant lecturers Belinskaya Nataliya Sergeevna Kirgina Maria Vladimirovna
Unit 4. Fluidised Catalytic Cracking Assistant lecturers Belinskaya Nataliya Sergeevna Kirgina Maria Vladimirovna Introduction Catalytic cracking is the process in which heavy low-value petroleum stream
More informationMolecular Sieves Application Guide for the Natural Gas Industry Molecular Sieve Molecular Sieve Recommendations
Application Guide for the Natural Gas Industry Natural Gas / DG Natural Gas / EPG to less than 0.1 ppm(v) prior to liquefaction or Natural Gas liquids Extraction. to less than 0.1 ppm(v) while minimizing
More information(Syn)Gas to Fuel HIGH QUALITY GASOLINE FROM METHANOL
(Syn)Gas to Fuel HIGH QUALITY GASOLINE FROM METHANOL Public N. Ringer/ R. Rakoczy Business Unit Catalysts 09.09.2013 2 Agenda Introduction MTG: History & Chemistry The Catalysts CAC s STF Process Conclusions
More informationgc applications Hydrocarbons C1-C5 Paraffins Hydrocarbons, Sulfur Gases C1-C2 Hydrocarbons Gases
C-C Hydrocarbons C-C Paraffins. Methane. Carbon Dioxide. Ethylene. Ethane. Acetylene. Methane (0.9%). Ethane (0.09%). Propane (0.099%). Isobutane (0.09%). Butane (0.09%). n-pentane (0.00%) Column: ft x
More informationProcess Economics Program
IHS Chemical Process Economics Program Report 247C Land-Based Small-Scale GTL By Ron Smith December 2014 ihs.com/chemical IHS Chemical agrees to assign professionally qualified personnel to the preparation
More informationRefinery and Petrochemicals technology innovations are aimed to
Innovation Downstream Innovation Refinery and Petrochemicals technology innovations are aimed to maximize efficiency; minimize utilities consumption; improve the environmental quality or finished products;
More informationLight Olefins Market Review. Bill Hyde, Senior Director Olefins and Elastomers Foro Pemex Petroquimica June 7, 2012
Light Olefins Market Review Bill Hyde, Senior Director Olefins and Elastomers Foro Pemex Petroquimica June 7, 212 N. America Energy Market Shift Felt Around The Petrochemical World $US per Million Btu
More informationPROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM SRI INTERNATIONAL Menlo Park, California
PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM SRI INTERNATIONAL Menlo Park, California Abstract Process Economics Program Report No. 169 REFINERY/CHEMICALS INTERFACE (January 1985) Demand for most major refinery products
More informationPEP Review ON-PURPOSE BUTADIENE PRODUCTION By Richard Nielsen with a Contribution by Russell Heinen (June 2011)
PEP Review 2011-05 ON-PURPOSE BUTADIENE PRODUCTION By Richard Nielsen with a Contribution by Russell Heinen (June 2011) ABSTRACT 1,3-Butadiene is currently almost entirely produced as a by-product of ethylene
More informationON-PURPOSE PROPYLENE FROM OLEFINIC STREAMS
1 ON-PURPOSE PROPYLENE FROM OLEFINIC STREAMS Michael W. Bedell ExxonMobil Process Research Laboratories Baton Rouge, La Philip A. Ruziska ExxonMobil Chemical Company Baytown, TX Todd R. Steffens ExxonMobil
More informationColorimetric Gas Detector Tube System US Dollar Price List
Colorimetric Gas Detector Tube System US Dollar Price List Sensidyne, LP - Gas Detector Tube Price List Effective Date: February 12, 2012 Rev. A 010612 Table of Contents Gas Detection Pump Kit & Accessories
More informationEmissions Contaminant Totals Report
s Totals Report Filter Criteria: = And DEC ID = 3373000060 SCC Family CAS # Name T090 000050-00-0 FORMALDEHYDE GS1 288.25 T00001 T090 000050-00-0 FORMALDEHYDE GS2 334.67 T00002 T090 000050-00-0 FORMALDEHYDE
More informationBottom of Barrel Processing. Chapters 5 & 8
Bottom of Barrel Processing Chapters 5 & 8 Gases Gas Sat Gas Plant Polymerization LPG Sulfur Plant Sulfur Alkyl Feed Alkylation Butanes Fuel Gas LPG Gas Separation & Stabilizer Light Naphtha Heavy Naphtha
More informationProven process. Proven plants. Proven performance.
Methanol to gasoline technology Proven process. Proven plants. Proven performance. Background High crude oil prices beginning in the mid-2000s spurred worldwide interest in finding and developing additional
More informationEmissions Contaminant Totals Report
s Contaminant Totals Report Filter Criteria: DEC ID = 3392800001 And Name = ALGONQUIN GAS: STONY POINT COMPRESSOR STA And = T050 010024-97-2 NITROUS OXIDE 101 3.36 R00001 TO15 000100-41-4 ETHYLBENZENE
More informationSynonym(s) ) Chlorine, liquefied/gas. Ammonia, Gasoline, natural 7300 (gasoline) Hydrogen gas. Phosgene
Use Quantities Standard for Hazardous Chemicals (2013) 1 Chlorine Chlorine, liquefied/gas 7782-50-5 2 Annonia Ammonia, 7664-41-7 3 Petroleum gases, liquified 0 68476-85-7 4 Hhdrogen Sulphide 7783-06-4
More informationCUSTOMS TARIFF - SCHEDULE V - 1
V - 1 Section V MINERAL PRODUCTS 27 - i Chapter 27 MINERAL FUELS, MINERAL OILS AND PRODUCTS OF THEIR DISTILLATION; BITUMINOUS SUBSTANCES; MINERAL WAXES Notes. 1. This Chapter does not cover: (a) Separate
More informationAlkylation & Polymerization Chapter 11
Alkylation & Polymerization Chapter 11 Petroleum Refinery Schematic Gasses Polymerization Sulfur Plant Sulfur Gas Sat Gas Plant Alkyl Feed Butanes LPG Fuel Gas Alkylation LPG Gas Separation & Stabilizer
More informationCUSTOMS TARIFF - SCHEDULE. Chapter 27 MINERAL FUELS, MINERAL OILS AND PRODUCTS OF THEIR DISTILLATION; BITUMINOUS SUBSTANCES; MINERAL WAXES
CUSTOMS TARIFF - SCHEDULE 27 - i Chapter 27 MINERAL FUELS, MINERAL OILS AND PRODUCTS OF THEIR DISTILLATION; BITUMINOUS SUBSTANCES; MINERAL WAXES Notes. 1. This Chapter does not cover: (a) Separate chemically
More informationChapter 11 Gasoline Production
Petroleum Refining Chapter 11: Gasoline Production Chapter 11 Gasoline Production INTRODUCTION Convert SR naphtha to motor gasoline stocks through 1. Reforming 2. Isomerization Production of motor gasoline
More informationCHAPTER 1 THE NATURE OF CRUDE PETROLEUM
CHAPTER 1 THE NATURE OF CRUDE PETROLEUM About This Chapter For most of history crude oil was a nuisance. It had no widespread commercial application, although evidence for water proofing and cement can
More informationSchwechat Refinery Visit
Schwechat Refinery Visit Thomas Gangl SVP Refining & Petrochemicals Vienna, Austria November 7, 2018 OMV Aktiengesellschaft Safety is our top priority Process safety 1 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 Concawe 1st quartile
More informationIHS CHEMICAL PEP Report 29J. Steam Cracking of Crude Oil. Steam Cracking of Crude Oil. PEP Report 29J. Gajendra Khare Principal Analyst
` IHS CHEMICAL PEP Report 29J Steam Cracking of Crude Oil December 2015 ihs.com PEP Report 29J Steam Cracking of Crude Oil Gajendra Khare Principal Analyst Michael Arné Sr. Principal Analyst PEP Report
More informationThe Stability of Sulfur Compounds, Low Molecular Weight Gases, and VOCs in Four Air Sample Bag Materials
The Stability of Sulfur s, Low Molecular Weight Gases, and VOCs in Four Air Sample Bag Materials Linda Coyne Cindy Kuhlman Nicole Zovack SKC Inc. Eighty Four, PA 15330 25 January 2011 Publication 1805
More informationGTC Technology Day. 16 April Hotel Le Meridien New Delhi. Isomalk Technologies for Light Naphtha Isomerization
16 April Hotel Le Meridien New Delhi Isomalk Technologies for Light Naphtha Isomerization Naphtha Processing Technology by GTC n-c4 Isomalk-3 i-c4 Light Naphtha Isomalk-2 C5/C6 Isomerate C7 Paraffins Isomalk-4
More informationPortfolio of Compression
PG CP ICA Portfolio of Compression siemens.com/answers Single stage compressor: single shaft design for industrial applications STC-SO - API standard Recycle Gas Methanol, CTL, CTC Recycle Synthetic Natural
More informationCONVERT RESIDUE TO PETROCHEMICALS
International Conference on "Refining Challenges & Way Forward" in New Delhi (16 17 April, 2012) CONVERT RESIDUE TO PETROCHEMICALS April 16, 2012 Debasis Bhattacharyya (bhattacharyad1@iocl.co.in) Global
More information360 INDEX. boiling point of gas oil components, 84 boiling range, 353 bunker fuels, 8 fuel No. 6 characteristics, 339 classification, 338
Index acidity/acid no., 351 additives aviation gasoline, 317 classification, 178 composition, 256 consumption, 182 diesel distribution, 180 diesel fuels, 179 diesel vehicle system, 181 fuels, 121, 351
More informationTotal chemical production
PRODUCTION: GROWTH IN MOST REGIONS Although output increased, rise was probably less than most nations had hoped Total chemical production indexes for most countries that issue these figures increased
More informationCatalytic Cracking. Chapter 6
Catalytic Cracking Chapter 6 Purpose Catalytically crack carbon-carbon bonds in gas oils Fine catalyst in fluidized bed reactor allows for immediate regeneration Lowers average molecular weight & produces
More informationRefinery Maze Student Guide
Refinery Maze Student Guide Petroleum Refining Student Text Distillation In its crude form, petroleum is of little use to us. To make it into products we know and use, petroleum must be refined or separated
More informationAbu Dhabi International Downstream Summit 2017 Downstream optimization: role of technology, integration and industrial gases. Dr.Ch.
Abu Dhabi International Downstream Summit 2017 Downstream optimization: role of technology, integration and industrial gases Dr.Ch.Bruch The Linde Group worldwide Global presence in more than 100 countries
More informationUnit 1. Naphtha Catalytic Reforming. Assistant lecturers Belinskaya Nataliya Sergeevna Kirgina Maria Vladimirovna
Unit 1. Naphtha Catalytic Reforming Assistant lecturers Belinskaya Nataliya Sergeevna Kirgina Maria Vladimirovna Introduction Catalytic reforming of heavy naphtha and isomerization of light naphtha constitute
More informationReducing octane loss - solutions for FCC gasoline post-treatment services
Reducing octane loss - solutions for FCC gasoline post-treatment services Claus Brostrøm Nielsen clbn@topsoe.com Haldor Topsoe Agenda Why post-treatment of FCC gasoline? Molecular understanding of FCC
More informationPILOT PLANT DESIGN, INSTALLATION & OPERATION Training Duration 5 days
Training Title PILOT PLANT DESIGN, INSTALLATION & OPERATION Training Duration 5 days Training Date Pilot Plant Design, Installation & Operation 5 21 25 Sep $3,750 Dubai, UAE In any of the 5 star hotels.
More informationRefinery / Petrochemical. Integration. Gildas Rolland
Refinery / Petrochemical Integration Gildas Rolland 1 Global Middle Eastern Market 2 nd ~30% 10ppm Growing market for global Refined Product Demand +1.6% AAGR 2014-2035 of worldwide refining capacity expansion
More informationSoftening point by Ring & Ball. Density and relative density of liquids by Hubbart pycnometer
Softening point by Ring & Ball Density and relative density of liquids by Hubbart pycnometer Distillation of petroleum Melting point of petroleum wax Precipitation number of lubricating oils Saponification
More informationOil Refineries of LUKOIL Group. Romania. The Nietherlands. Bulgaria. Italy. Oil Refining
Oil Refining Refining and Gas Processing Oil Refining Oil Refineries of LUKOIL Group Romania The Nietherlands Bulgaria Italy 77.7 66.6 Excluding capacity of vacuum block of atmospheric-vacuum distiller
More informationAbstract Process Economics Program Report 211A HYDROCRACKING FOR MIDDLE DISTILLATES (July 2003)
Abstract Process Economics Program Report 211A HYDROCRACKING FOR MIDDLE DISTILLATES (July 2003) Middle distillate is the collective petroleum distillation fractions boiling above naphtha (about 300 F,
More informationSolvent Deasphalting Conversion Enabler
Kevin Whitehead Solvent Deasphalting Conversion Enabler 5 th December 2017 Bottom of the Barrel Workshop NIORDC, Tehran 2017 UOP Limited Solvent Deasphalting (SDA) 1 Natural Gas Refinery Fuel Gas Hydrogen
More informationStephen Stanley Jose de Barros Fred Gardner Lummus Technology 1 st Indian Oil Petrochemical Conclave March 16, 2012 New Delhi
Increasing Petrochemicals Project Earnings by Upgrading Steam Cracker C4s and C5s Stephen Stanley Jose de Barros Fred Gardner Lummus Technology 1 st Indian Oil Petrochemical Conclave March 16, 2012 New
More informationSCOPE OF ACCREDITATION TO ISO/IEC 17025:2005
SCOPE OF ACCREDITATION TO ISO/IEC 17025:2005 LABORATORY & ON-STREAM ANALYSER DIVISION, SAUDI ARAMCO TOTAL REFINING AND PETROCHEMICAL COMPANY LAB & OSA Division Saudi Aramco Total Refining and Petrochemical
More informationCatalysis in the Refining of Fischer Tropsch Syncrude
Platinum Metals Rev., 2011, 55, (4), 263 267 Catalysis in the Refining of Fischer Tropsch Syncrude By Arno de Klerk (University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada) and Edward Furimsky (IMAF Group, Ontario,
More informationOX0 ALCOHOLS PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM. Report No. 21. contributions by Shigeyoshi Takaoka. November A private report by the
Report No. 21 OX0 ALCOHOLS by RICHARD G. DENNEY contributions by Shigeyoshi Takaoka November 1966 A private report by the PROCESS ECONOMICS PROGRAM STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE I I MENLO PARK, CALIFORNIA
More informationRefining/Petrochemical Integration A New Paradigm. Anil Khatri, GTC Technology Coking and CatCracking Conference New Delhi - October 2013
Refining/Petrochemical Integration A New Paradigm Anil Khatri, GTC Technology Coking and CatCracking Conference New Delhi - October 2013 Presentation Themes Present integration schemes focus on propylene,
More informationCrude Distillation Chapter 4
Crude Distillation Chapter 4 Gases Gas Sat Gas Plant Polymerization LPG Sulfur Plant Sulfur Alkyl Feed Alkylation Butanes Fuel Gas LPG Gas Separation & Stabilizer Light Naphtha Heavy Naphtha Isomerization
More informationQATAR PROJECT LIST TABLE 4 PRINCIPAL GTL PLANTS AROUND THE WORLD HISTORY OF THE GTL INDUSTRY FIGURE 1 GTL PRODUCTION OPTIONS,
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION... 1 STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES... 1 REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY... 2 INTENDED AUDIENCE... 3 SCOPE OF REPORT... 3 INFORMATION SOURCES... 4 ANALYST CREDENTIALS... 4 RELATED BCC
More informationADVANCES IN METHANOL CONVERSION TO PRODUCTS
THE CATALYST GROUP RESOURCES ADVANCES IN METHANOL CONVERSION TO PRODUCTS A technical investigation commissioned by the members of the Catalytic Advances Program Client Private October 2015 Gwynedd Office
More informationUnit 2. Light Naphtha Isomerization. Assistant lecturers Belinskaya Nataliya Sergeevna Kirgina Maria Vladimirovna
Unit 2. Light Naphtha Isomerization Assistant lecturers Belinskaya Nataliya Sergeevna Kirgina Maria Vladimirovna Isomerization of Light Naphtha Isomerization is the process in which light straight chain
More informationEXPLOSION-PROOF MOTORS SINGLE PHASE
AC Motors MOTORS SINGLE PHASE Underwriters Laboratories and Canadian Standards Association Listed These explosion proof motors are designed and approved for application in hazardous environments having
More informationEurope s Largest. Frank Rouwnes. Chemical Cluster
Europe s Largest Integrated August Oil 015& Frank Rouwnes Chemical Cluster Feel The Chemistry Movie Continent s largest integrated oil & chemical cluster Antwerp Houston Jubail Shanghai Singapore 3 High
More informationLecture 3: Petroleum Refining Overview
Lecture 3: Petroleum Refining Overview In this lecture, we present a brief overview of the petroleum refining, a prominent process technology in process engineering. 3.1 Crude oil Crude oil is a multicomponent
More informationRefining/Petrochemical Integration-A New Paradigm Joseph C. Gentry, Director - Global Licensing Engineered to Innovate
Refining/Petrochemical Integration-A New Paradigm Introduction The global trend in motor fuel consumption favors diesel over gasoline. There is a simultaneous increase in demand for various petrochemicals
More informationCourse: Chemical Technology (Organic) Lecture 7 Alkylation, Isomerisation And Polymerisation
Course: Chemical Technology (Organic) Module VI Lecture 7 Alkylation, Isomerisation And Polymerisation LECTURE 7 ALKYLATION, ISOMERISATION AND POLYMERISATION ALKYLATION Alkylation process commercialized
More informationOxidation Technologies for Stationary Rich and Lean Burn Engines
Oxidation Technologies for Stationary Rich and Lean Burn Engines Advances in Emission Control and Monitoring Technology for Industrial Sources Exton, PA July 9-10, 2008 1 Oxidation Catalyst Technology
More informationAromatic compounds production, usage. Dr. Ákos Fürcht BME
Aromatic compounds production, usage Dr. Ákos Fürcht 22.09.2016 BME Aromatic compounds Sources Aromatic compounds Composition Aromatic compounds Usage Benzene History Michael Faraday 1825 first time to
More informationGTC TECHNOLOGY WHITE PAPER
GTC TECHNOLOGY WHITE PAPER Refining/Petrochemical Integration FCC Gasoline to Petrochemicals Refining/Petrochemical Integration - FCC Gasoline to Petrochemicals Introduction The global trend in motor fuel
More informationFundamentals of Petroleum Refining Refinery Products. Lecturers: assistant teachers Kirgina Maria Vladimirovna Belinskaya Natalia Sergeevna
Fundamentals of Petroleum Refining Refinery Products Lecturers: assistant teachers Kirgina Maria Vladimirovna Belinskaya Natalia Sergeevna 1 Refinery Products Composition There are specifications for over
More informationConverting low quality gas into a valuable power source
Converting low quality gas into a valuable power source AUTHORS: Reetta Kaila, GasReformer Expert, D.Sc. (Tech.), Ship Power Peik Jansson, GasReformer Product Manager, Ship Power Fig. 1 Design of the second
More informationSulfur Detection at ppb Levels in Light Hydrocarbon Streams
Sulfur Detection at ppb Levels in Light Hydrocarbon Streams Based on a New Super Permeable PLOT Column Agilent Select Low Sulfur Johan Kuipers Channel Training Specialist Oct 12 th, 2010 1 October 18,
More informationCoking and Thermal Process, Delayed Coking
Coking and Thermal Process, Delayed Coking Fig:4.1 Simplified Refinery Flow Diagram [1,2] Treatment processes : To prepare hydrocarbon streams for additional processing and to prepare finished products.
More information