OIL INFORMATION DOCUMENTATION FOR BEYOND 2020 FILES

Transcription

1 OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION (2011 Edition) - 1 OIL INFORMATION DOCUMENTATION FOR BEYOND 2020 FILES

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3 OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION (2011 Edition) - 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I: SOURCES AND DEFINITIONS 1. Introduction Description of the B20/20 service Recent data revisions Flow definitions Product definitions Geographical coverage Country notes Abbreviations... 39

4 4 - OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION What s New? Starting with this year s edition, the countries Chile, Estonia, Israel and Slovenia, which joined the OECD in 2010, have been incorporated into this publication. All are included in OECD totals. The regional aggregate OECD North America has been changed to OECD Americas and now includes Chile. OECD Pacific has been changed to OECD Asia Oceania and now includes Israel. OECD Europe now includes Estonia and Slovenia starting in Prior to 1990, data for Estonia and Slovenia are included in the Non-OECD data under Former Soviet Union and Former Yugoslavia, respectively.

5 OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION (2011 Edition) - 5 PART I SOURCES AND DEFINITIONS

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7 OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION (2011 Edition) INTRODUCTION The Oil Information databases contain time series of oil data for 34 OECD countries from 1960 to Country aggregates for OECD Total, OECD Americas, OECD Asia Oceania, OECD Europe, IEA 28, IEA America, IEA Asia Oceania, and IEA Europe are also included. Statistics are available for detailed supply/demand balances end-use consumption, trade by origin and destination as well as for stock levels and changes. Annual Oil Statistics (AOS) contains data in thousand metric tons for crude oil, NGL, and 17 petroleum products. Some major series for oil demand and supply for the world are also included. Note that the references to OECD in this publication include the 34 Member countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. Statistics for OECD countries are based on data submissions from national administrations to the Secretariat. Statistics up to 2010 are from the Annual Oil Statistics (AOS) database. Annual oil data are collected by the Energy Statistics Division (ESD) of the IEA Secretariat, headed by Mr. Jean-Yves Garnier. Mr. Tianlai Xu and Mr. Ryszard Pośpiech are currently responsible for the annual oil data for OECD countries. Ms. Sharon Burghgraeve contributed her desktop publishing and secretarial support. Ms. Mieke Reece has overall responsibility for this publication. Enquiries about data or methodology in this publication should be addressed to: Ms. Mieke Reece Energy Statistics Division International Energy Agency, OECD 9, rue de la Fédération PARIS Cedex 15 France Internet: mieke.reece@iea.org

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9 OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION (2011 Edition) DESCRIPTION OF THE B20/20 SERVICE 1) OECD crude supply (AOSCRUDE) Information is provided in the form of supply and demand balances, presenting indigenous production, imports, exports, stock changes, and refinery. 2) OECD product supply and consumption (AOSPROD) Information is provided in the form of supply and demand balances, presenting refinery gross output, recycled products, imports, exports, transfers, stock changes, international marine bunkers and gross deliveries. In addition, the table includes data on inland deliveries by sector: transformation, energy, transport, industry and other sectors, as well as the non-energy use. 3) OECD imports (AOSIMPS) Information on OECD member countries imports from 101 origins for 21 products. This includes crude oil, NGLs, motor gasoline, gas/diesel oil, residual fuel oil and 15 other refined products. 4) OECD exports (AOS_EXPS) Information on OECD member countries exports to 94 destinations for 21 products. Included are: crude oil, NGLs, motor gasoline, gas/diesel oil, residual fuel oil and 15 other refined products. 5) OECD conversion factors (AOSCONV) This table includes the average conversion factors from metric tons to barrels, for the OECD countries and for 22 products. 6) World oil statistics (AOSWORLD) Information is provided on crude oil and NGL production, refinery output, trade and oil demand for the World.

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11 OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION (2011 Edition) RECENT DATA REVISIONS OECD data The IEA Secretariat finalised processing the latest submissions of energy statistics from OECD Member countries on 31 March 2011 (covering the period ). These data were subsequently published in IEA/OECD Energy Statistics of OECD Countries 2011 Edition and in IEA/OECD Energy Balances of OECD Countries Edition. Supply and demand data are available for years , with the following exceptions: Chile 1971 onwards Czech Republic 1971 onwards Estonia 1990 onwards Hungary 1965 onwards Israel 1971 onwards Korea 1970 onwards Mexico 1971 onwards Slovak Republic 1971 onwards Slovenia 1990 onwards As a result, regional totals will not be calculated for years , inclusive. For 2010, only supply data are available; end-use consumption data usually lag one to two years. Non-OECD data Data for non-oecd countries are primarily from IEA's database on World Energy Statistics. The database covers supply and demand for all forms of energy for over 100 non-oecd countries for the period 1971 to The data have been collected from national statistical publications and through collaboration with other international organisations and the energy industry. The complete and final results obtained from this work will be published in the annual IEA publications Energy Statistics of Non-OECD Countries Edition and Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries Edition.

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13 OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION (2011 Edition) FLOW DEFINITIONS Supply and Consumption Flow Short name Definition Refinery gross output REFGROUT This is the production of finished products at a refinery or blending plant. This category excludes refinery losses, but includes refinery fuel. Recycled products RECYCLED These are finished products which are returned through the refining and/or the marketing network after delivery to final consumers (for example used lubricants which are reprocessed). Imports IMPORTS Comprise amounts having crossed the national territorial boundaries of the country whether or not customs clearance has taken place. Quantities of crude oil and oil products imported under processing agreements (i.e. refining on account) are included. Quantities of oil in transit are excluded. Crude oil, NGL and natural gas are reported as coming from the country of origin; refinery feedstocks and oil products are reported as coming from the country of last consignment. Exports EXPORTS Comprise amounts having crossed the national territorial boundaries of the country whether or not customs clearance has taken place. Quantities of crude oil and oil products exported under processing agreements (i.e. refining on account) are included. Re-exports of oil imported for processing within bonded areas are shown as an export of product from the processing country to the final destination. International marine bunkers BUNKERS Bunkers cover the quantities of fuels delivered to sea-going ships of all flags, including warships. Consumption by ships engaged in transport in inland and coastal waters is not included (see Transport Sector, below). Transfers TRANSFERS These are finished products which have been reclassified and reentered for use in a refinery without having been delivered to final consumers. This heading also covers transfers between products which are reclassified after blending, for example transfers between kerosene type jet fuel and kerosene. Stock changes STOCKCHA Stock changes reflect the difference between opening stock level at the first day of the year and closing stock level at the last day of the year of stocks held on national territory. A stock build is shown as a negative number and a stock draw as a positive number.

14 14 - OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION Statistical differences Supply and Consumption Flow Short name Definition Gross inland deliveries (observed) Total Transformation Main activity producer electricity plants Autoproducer electricity plants Main activity producer CHP plants STATDIFF TOTCONS TOTTRANF MAINELEC AUTOELEC MAINCHP National administrations sometimes obtain the data components of domestic availability from a variety of sources. Owing to differences in concepts, coverage, timing and definitions, observed and calculated consumption are often not identical. This is reflected in statistical differences. This is the gross observed inland consumption (including refinery consumption for oil), before the deduction of amounts returned by the petrochemical industry (backflow). This sector comprises fuel inputs to both public and private electricity, combined heat and power plants and heat plants. An autoproducer is an industrial establishment which, in addition to its main activities, generates electricity, wholly or partly for its own use. It includes railway's own production of electricity. Heat plants and combined heat and power plants only cover fuel inputs for that part of the heat which is sold to a third party. Transformation sector also comprises fuels used as feedstocks in gas works, coke ovens, blast furnaces and the petrochemical industry. Includes inputs of oil for the production of electricity in electricity plants whose primary purpose is to produce, transmit or distribute electricity. Includes inputs of oil for the production of electricity by an enterprise which, in addition to its main activities, generates electricity wholly or partly for its own use, e.g. industrial establishments, railways, refineries, etc. Refers to plants which are designed to produce both heat and electricity (sometimes referred to as co-generation power stations). If possible, fuel inputs and electricity/heat outputs are on a unit basis rather than on a plant basis. However, if data are not available on a unit basis, the convention for defining a CHP plant noted above should be adopted. Main activity producers (formerly referred to as public supply undertakings) generate electricity and/or heat for sale to third parties, as their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. Note that the sale need not take place through the public grid.

15 OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION (2011 Edition) - 15 Supply and Consumption Flow Short name Definition Autoproducer CHP plants Main activity producer heat plants Autoproducer heat plants AUTOCHP MAINHEAT AUTOHEAT Refers to plants which are designed to produce both heat and electricity (sometimes referred to as co-generation power stations). If possible, fuel inputs and electricity/heat outputs are on a unit basis rather than on a plant basis. However, if data are not available on a unit basis, the convention for defining a CHP plant noted above should be adopted. Note that for autoproducer CHP plants, all fuel inputs to electricity production are taken into account, while only the part of fuel inputs to heat sold is shown. Fuel inputs for the production of heat consumed within the autoproducer's establishment are not included here but are included with figures for the final consumption of fuels in the appropriate consuming sector. Autoproducer undertakings generate electricity and/or heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. Refers to plants (including heat pumps and electric boilers) designed to produce heat only and who sell heat to a third party (e.g. residential, commercial or industrial consumers) under the provisions of a contract. Main activity producers (formerly referred to as public supply undertakings) generate heat for sale to third parties, as their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. Note that the sale need not take place through the public grid. Refers to plants (including heat pumps and electric boilers) designed to produce heat only and who sell heat to a third party (e.g. residential, commercial or industrial consumers) under the provisions of a contract. Autoproducer undertakings generate heat, wholly or partly for their own use as an activity which supports their primary activity. They may be privately or publicly owned. Gas works TGASWKS Includes the manufacture of town gas. For blended natural gas TBLENDGAS Includes other gases that are blended with natural gas. Coke ovens TCOKEOVS Includes the manufacture of coke and coke oven gas.

16 16 - OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION Supply and Consumption Flow Short name Definition Blast furnaces TBLASTFUR Includes the production of town gas, blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas. The production of pig-iron from iron ore in blast furnaces uses fuels for supporting the blast furnace charge and providing heat and carbon for the reduction of the iron ore. Accounting for the calorific content of the fuels entering the process is a complex matter as transformation (into blast furnace gas) and consumption (heat of combustion) occur simultaneously. Some carbon is also retained in the pigiron; almost all of this reappears later in the oxygen steel furnace gas (or converter gas) when the pig-iron is converted to steel. In the 1992/1993 annual questionnaires, Member Countries were asked for the first time to report in the transformation sector the quantities of all fuels (e.g. pulverised coal injection [PCI] coal, coke oven coke, natural gas and oil) entering blast furnaces and the quantity of blast furnace gas and oxygen steel furnace gas produced. The Secretariat then needed to split these inputs into the transformation and consumption components. The transformation component is shown in the row blast furnaces/gas works in the column appropriate for the fuel, and the consumption component is shown in the row iron and steel, in the column appropriate for the fuel. The Secretariat decided to assume transformation efficiency such that the carbon input into the blast furnaces should equal the carbon output. This is roughly equivalent to assuming an energy transformation efficiency of 40%. Petrochemical industry TPETCHEM Includes quantities of backflows returned from the petrochemical sector, whether returned to refineries for further processing/blending or used directly. It refers to oil products only. Patent fuel plants TPATFUEL Includes the manufacture of patent fuels. Non-specified (transformation) TNONSPEC Includes other non-specified transformation. Energy sector TOTENGY Fuels used by energy industries for heating purposes and for operation of their equipment are reported under this heading as well as transformation and distribution losses. It includes coal mining and oil and gas extraction (all activities involved in making oil and gas marketable up to the point of shipment from the producing area) as well as transformation industries such as electricity generating plants, gas works, coke ovens, and petroleum refineries (refinery fuels). Coal mines EMINES Represents the energy which is used directly within the coal industry for hard coal and lignite mining. It excludes coal burned in pithead power stations (included under electricity plants in the transformation sector) and free allocations to miners and their families (considered as part of household consumption and therefore included under residential). Oil and gas extraction EOILGASEX Represents the energy which is used for oil and gas extraction. Flared gas is not included. Refinery fuel REFFUEL Includes oil consumed in refineries for the operation of equipment, heating and light. Coke ovens ECOKEOVS Represents the energy used in coke ovens.

17 OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION (2011 Edition) - 17 Supply and Consumption Flow Short name Definition Blast furnaces EBLASTFUR Represents the energy which is used in blast furnaces. Gas works EGASWKS Represents the energy which is used in gas works. Own use in electricity, CHP and heat plants Non-specified (energy) EPOWERPLT ENONSPEC Represents the energy used in main activity producer electricity, CHP and heat plants. Represents use in non-specified energy sector. Distribution losses DISTLOSS Losses in gas distribution, electricity transmission and coal transport. Total final consumption FINCONS This is the sum of consumption by the different end-use sectors. Backflows from the petrochemical industry are not included in final consumption. Industry sector TOTIND Consumption of the industry sector is specified in the following subsectors (energy used for transport by industry is not included here but is reported under transport): Iron and steel IRONSTL [ISIC Group 241 and Class 2431] Chemical and petrochemical CHEMICAL [ISIC Division 20 and 21] Non-ferrous metals NONFERR [ISIC Group 242 and Class 2432] Basic industries. Non-metallic minerals NONMET Transport equipment TRANSEQ [ISIC Divisions 29 and 30] [ISIC Division 23] Such as glass, ceramic, cement, etc. Machinery MACHINE [ISIC Divisions 25, 26, 27 and 28] Fabricated metal products, machinery and equipment other than transport equipment. Mining and quarrying MINING Food and tobacco FOODPRO [ISIC Divisions 10,11 and 12] Paper, pulp and print PAPERPRO [ISIC Divisions 17 and 18] Wood and wood products WOODPRO Construction CONSTRUC [ISIC Division 41,42 and 43] Textile and leather TEXTILES [ISIC Divisions 13, 14 and 15] Non-specified (industry) INONSPEC [ISIC Divisions 07 and 08 and Group 099] Mining (excluding fuels) and quarrying. [ISIC Division 16] Wood and wood products other than pulp and paper. [ISIC Divisions 22, 31 and 32] Any manufacturing industry not included above. Note: Most countries have difficulties supplying an industrial breakdown for all fuels. In these cases, the non-specified industry row has been used. Regional aggregates of industrial consumption should therefore be used with caution. Transport sector TOTTRANS This sector covers oil products to all transport activities regardless of sector.

18 18 - OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION International aviation Supply and Consumption Flow Short name Definition INTLAIR Includes deliveries of aviation fuels to aircraft for international aviation. Fuels used by airlines for their road vehicles are excluded. The domestic/international split should be determined on the basis of departure and landing locations and not by the nationality of the airline. For many countries this incorrectly excludes fuel used by domestically owned carriers for their international departures. Domestic aviation DOMESAIR Includes deliveries of aviation fuels to aircraft for domestic aviation - commercial, private, agricultural, etc. It includes use for purposes other than flying, e.g. bench testing of engines, but not airline use of fuel for road transport. The domestic/international split should be determined on the basis of departure and landing locations and not by the nationality of the airline. Note that this may include journeys of considerable length between two airports in a country (e.g. San Francisco to Honolulu). For many countries this incorrectly includes fuel used by domestically owned carriers for outbound international traffic; Road ROAD Includes fuels used in road vehicles as well as agricultural and industrial highway use. Excludes military consumption as well as motor gasoline used in stationary engines and diesel oil for use in tractors that are not for highway use; Rail RAIL Includes quantities used in rail traffic, including industrial railways; Pipeline transport PIPELINE Includes energy used in the support and operation of pipelines transporting gases, liquids, slurries and other commodities, including the energy used for pump stations and maintenance of the pipeline. Energy for the pipeline distribution of natural or manufactured gas, hot water or steam (ISIC Division 35) from the distributor to final users is excluded and should be reported in the energy sector, while the energy used for the final distribution of water (ISIC Division 36) to household, industrial, commercial and other users should be included in commercial/public services. Losses occurring during the transport between distributor and final users should be reported as distribution losses; Domestic navigation DOMESNAV Includes fuels delivered to vessels of all flags not engaged in international navigation (see international marine bunkers). The domestic/ international split should be determined on the basis of port of departure and port of arrival and not by the flag or nationality of the ship. Note that this may include journeys of considerable length between two ports in a country (e.g. San Francisco to Honolulu). Fuel used for ocean, coastal and inland fishing and military consumption are excluded; Non-specified (transport) TRNONSPE Includes all transport not elsewhere specified. Note: International marine bunkers are shown in Supply and are not included in the transport sector as part of final consumption. Other sectors TOTOTHER Includes residential, commercial/public services, agriculture/forestry, fishing and non-specified (other).

19 OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION (2011 Edition) - 19 Supply and Consumption Flow Short name Definition Residential RESIDENT Includes consumption by households, excluding fuels used for transport. Includes households with employed persons [ISIC Division 97 and 98] which is a small part of total residential consumption. Commercial and public services COMMPUB [ISIC Divisions 33, 36-39, 45-47, 52-53, 55-56,58-66,68-75, 77-82, and 99(excluding Class 8422), 85-88, and 99] Agriculture/forestry AGRICULT Includes deliveries to users classified as agriculture, hunting and forestry by the ISIC, and therefore includes energy consumed by such users whether for traction (excluding agricultural highway use), power or heating (agricultural and domestic) [ISIC Divisions 01 and 02]. Fishing FISHING Includes fuels used for inland, coastal and deep-sea fishing. Fishing covers fuels delivered to ships of all flags that have refuelled in the country (including international fishing) as well as energy used in the fishing industry [ISIC Division 03]. Non-specified (other) Memo: Non-energy use Memo: Non-energy use chemical/ petrochemical Memo: Other nonenergy use Closing stock level (national territory) ONONSPEC NONENUSE NECHEM OTHERNE CSNATTER Includes all fuel use not elsewhere specified as well as consumption in the above-designated categories for which separate figures have not been provided. Military fuel use for all mobile and stationary consumption is included here (e.g. ships, aircraft, road and energy used in living quarters) regardless of whether the fuel delivered is for the military of that country or for the military of another country. This is the total of Chem./petchem. feedstocks and Other, below. Concerns feedstocks for non-energy use in the chemical and petrochemical industry. Petroleum products used for non-energy purposes in all other sectors. This is usually the case for all consumption of lubricants, bitumen, white spirit and paraffin waxes. Petroleum coke is shown as nonenergy use only when there is evidence of such use (for example in non-ferrous metals industry sector). Refer to closing stock levels, at the last day of the year, of stocks held on national territory (including government controlled stocks).

20 20 - OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION Indigenous production From other sources OECD Crude Supply Flow Short name Definition INDPROD OSOURCES This includes all production within national boundaries, including offshore production. Production includes only marketable production, and excludes volumes returned to formation. Refers supplies of additives, biofuels and Other hydrocarbons, the production of which has already been covered in other fuel balances. Backflows BACKFLOW Backflows cover cracking residues and other products from the chemical and petrochemical industries, which are returned to refineries and used as feedstocks. Transfers from one refinery to another within the country are not included. Products transferred PTRANSF These are imported products which are reclassified as feedstocks for further processing in the refinery, without delivery to final consumers. Imports IMPORTS See the definition under Supply and Consumption Exports EXPORTS See the definition under Supply and Consumption Statistical differences STATDIFF See the definition under Supply and Consumption Refinery intake REFINOBS See the definition under Supply and Consumption Refinery losses REFLOSS Refers the difference between Refinery intake (observed) and Gross Refinery Output. Closing stock level (national territory) CSNATTER See the definition under Supply and Consumption

21 OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION (2011 Edition) PRODUCT DEFINITIONS Oil Products Product Short name Definition Crude oil CRUDEOIL Crude oil is a mineral oil of natural origin comprising a mixture of hydrocarbons and associated impurities, such as sulphur. It exists in the liquid phase under normal surface temperature and pressure and its physical characteristics (density, viscosity, etc.) are highly variable. This category includes field or lease condensate recovered from associated and non-associated gas where it is commingled with the commercial crude oil stream. Natural gas liquids NGL NGL are liquid or liquefied hydrocarbons recovered from natural gas in separation facilities or gas processing plants. Natural gas liquids include ethane, propane, butane (normal and iso-), (iso) pentane and pentanes plus (sometimes referred to as natural gasoline or plant condensate). Refinery feedstocks REFFEEDS A refinery feedstock is a processed oil destined for further processing (e.g. straight run fuel oil or vacuum gas oil) other than blending in the refining industry. It is transformed into one or more components and/or finished products. This definition covers those finished products imported for refinery intake and those returned from the petrochemical industry to the refining industry. Additives/blending components ADDITIVE Additives are non-hydrocarbon substances added to or blended with a product to modify its properties, for example, to improve its combustion characteristics. Alcohols and ethers (MTBE, methyl tertiary-butyl ether) and chemical alloys such as tetraethyl lead are included here. The biomass fractions of biogasoline, biodiesel and ethanol are not included here, but under liquid biomass. This differs from the presentation of additives in the Oil Information publication. Other hydrocarbons NONCRUDE Other hydrocarbons, including emulsified oils (e.g. orimulsion), synthetic crude oil, mineral oils extracted from bituminous minerals such as oil shale, bituminous sand, etc. and liquids from coal liquefaction, are included here.

22 22 - OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION Oil Products Petroleum products are any oil-based products which can be obtained by distillation and are normally used outside the refining industry. The exceptions to this are those finished products which are classified as refinery feedstocks. Product Short name Definition Refinery gas REFINGAS Refinery gas includes a mixture of non-condensable gases mainly consisting of hydrogen, methane, ethane and olefins obtained during distillation of crude oil or treatment of oil products (e.g. cracking) in refineries. This also includes gases which are returned from the petrochemical industry. Ethane ETHANE A naturally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon (C 2 H 6 ), extracted from natural gas and refinery gas streams. Liquefied petroleum gases LPG LPG is light saturated paraffinic hydrocarbons derived from the refinery processes, crude oil stabilisation and natural gas processing plants. They consist mainly of propane (C 3 H 8 ) and butane (C 4 H l0 ) or a combination of the two. They are normally liquefied under pressure for transportation and storage. Motor gasoline MOTORGAS Motor gasoline consists of a mixture of light hydrocarbons distilling between 35 o C and 215 o C. It is used as a fuel for land based spark ignition engines. Motor gasoline may include additives, oxygenates and octane enhancers, including lead compounds such as TEL (tetraethyl lead) and TML (tetramethyl lead). This category includes motor gasoline blending components (excluding additives/oxygenates), e.g. alkylates, isomerate, reformate, cracked gasoline destined for use as finished motor gasoline. Of which : biogasoline BIOGASOL Biogasoline includes bioethanol (ethanol produced from biomass and/or the biodegradable fraction of waste), biomethanol (methanol produced from biomass and/or the biodegradable fraction of waste), bioetbe (ethyl-tertio-butyl-ether produced on the basis of bioethanol; the percentage by volume of bioetbe that is calculated as biofuel is 47%) and biomtbe (methyl-tertio-butyl-ether produced on the basis of biomethanol: the percentage by volume of biomtbe that is calculated as biofuel is 36%). Aviation gasoline AVGAS This is motor spirit prepared especially for aviation piston engines, with an octane number suited to the engine, a freezing point of 60 o C and a distillation range usually within the limits of 30 o C and 180 o C. Gasoline type jet fuel JETGAS Kerosene type jet fuel JETKERO This includes all light hydrocarbon oils for use in aviation turbine power units, distilling between 100 o C and 250 o C. They are obtained by blending kerosenes and gasoline or naphthas in such a way that the aromatic content does not exceed 25% in volume, and the vapour pressure is between 13.7kPa and 20.6kPa. This is a distillate used for aviation turbine power units. It has the same distillation characteristics between 150 o C and 300 o C (generally not above 250 o C) and flash point as kerosene. In addition, it has particular specifications (such as freezing point) which are established by the International Air Transport Association (IATA).

23 OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION (2011 Edition) - 23 Oil Products Petroleum products are any oil-based products which can be obtained by distillation and are normally used outside the refining industry. The exceptions to this are those finished products which are classified as refinery feedstocks. Product Short name Definition Other kerosene OTHKERO Kerosene comprises refined petroleum distillate and is used in sectors other than aircraft transport. It distils between 150 o C and 300 o C. Gas/diesel oil GASDIES Gas/diesel oil is primarily a medium distillate distilling between 180ºC and 380ºC. Several grades are available depending on uses: diesel oil for diesel compression ignition (cars, trucks, marine, etc.); light heating oil for industrial and commercial uses; other gas oil including heavy gas oils which distil between 380 o C and 540 o C and which are used as petrochemical feedstocks. Of which: biodiesels BIODIESEL Biodiesels includes biodiesel (a methyl-ester produced from vegetable or animal oil, of diesel quality), biodimethylether (dimethylether produced from biomass), Fischer Tropsh (Fischer Tropsh produced from biomass), cold pressed bio-oil (oil produced from oil seed through mechanical processing only) and all other liquid biofuels which are added to, blended with or used straight as transport diesel. Heavy fuel oil RESFUEL This covers all residual (heavy) fuel oils (including those obtained by blending). Kinematic viscosity is above 10 cst at 80ºC. The flash point is always above 50 o C and density is always more than 0.90 kg/l. - Low-sulphur content: Heavy fuel oil with sulphur content lower than 1%. - High-sulphur content: Heavy fuel oil with sulphur content of 1% or higher. Naphtha NAPHTHA Naphtha is a feedstock destined for the petrochemical industry (e.g. ethylene manufacture or aromatics production). Naphtha comprises material in the 30 o C and 2l0 o C distillation range or part of this range. White spirit & SBP WHITESP White Spirit and SBP are defined as refined distillate intermediates with a distillation in the naphtha/kerosene range. They are subdivided as: i. Industrial Spirit (SBP): Light oils distilling between 30 o C and 200 o C. There are 7 or 8 grades of industrial spirit, depending on the position of the cut in the distillation range. The grades are defined according to the temperature difference between the 5% volume and 90% volume distillation points (which is not more than 60 o C). ii. White Spirit: Industrial spirit with a flash point above 30 o C. The distillation range of white spirit is 135 o C to 200 o C. Lubricants LUBRIC Lubricants are hydrocarbons produced from distillate or residue; they are mainly used to reduce friction between bearing surfaces. This category includes all finished grades of lubricating oil, from spindle oil to cylinder oil, and those used in greases, including motor oils and all grades of lubricating oil-based stocks.

24 24 - OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION Oil Products Petroleum products are any oil-based products which can be obtained by distillation and are normally used outside the refining industry. The exceptions to this are those finished products which are classified as refinery feedstocks. Product Short name Definition Bitumen BITUMEN Bitumen is a solid, semi-solid or viscous hydrocarbon with a colloidal structure, being brown to black in colour, obtained as a residue in the distillation of crude oil, by vacuum distillation of oil residues from atmospheric distillation. Bitumen is often referred to as asphalt and is primarily used for construction of roads and for roofing material. This category includes fluidized and cut-back bitumen. Paraffin waxes PARWAX These are saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. These waxes are residues extracted when dewaxing lubricant oils. They have a crystalline structure which is more-or-less fine according to the grade. Their main characteristics are as follows: they are colourless, odourless and translucent, with a melting point above 45 o C. Petroleum coke PETCOKE Petroleum coke is a black solid residue, obtained mainly by cracking and carbonising residue feedstock, tar and pitches in processes such as delayed coking or fluid coking. It consists mainly of carbon (90 to 95%) and has a low ash content. It is used as a feedstock in coke ovens for the steel industry, for heating purposes, for electrode manufacture and for production of chemicals. The two most important qualities are green coke and calcinated coke. This category also includes catalyst coke deposited on the catalyst during refining processes; this coke is not recoverable and is usually burned as refinery fuel. Other products ONONSPEC All products not specifically mentioned above, for example: tar and sulphur. This category also includes aromatics (e.g. BTX or benzene, toluene and xylene) and olefins (e.g. propylene) produced within refineries.

25 OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION (2011 Edition) GEOGRAPHICAL COVERAGE Countries and Regions Country/Region Short name Definition Australia AUSTRALI Excludes the overseas territories. Austria Belgium Canada Chile Czech Republic AUSTRIA BELGIUM CANADA CHILE CZECH Denmark DENMARK Excludes Greenland and the Danish Faroes, except prior to 1990, where data on oil for Greenland were included with the Danish statistics. The Administration is planning to revise the series back to 1974 to exclude these amounts. Estonia Finland ESTONIA FINLAND France FRANCE Includes Monaco. It excludes Andorra and the overseas territories Guadeloupe, Martinique, French Guyana, Reunion, St.-Pierre and Miquelon, New Caledonia, French Polynesia, Wallis and Futuna, Mayotte. Germany GERMANY Includes the new federal states of Germany from 1970 onwards. Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland GREECE HUNGARY ICELAND IRELAND Italy ITALY Includes San Marino and the Vatican. Israel ISRAEL Italy ITALY Includes San Marino and the Vatican. Japan JAPAN Includes Okinawa. Korea KOREA

26 26 - OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION Countries and Regions Country/Region Short name Definition Luxembourg Mexico LUXEMBOU MEXICO Netherlands NETHLAND Excludes Suriname and the Netherlands Antilles. New Zealand Norway Poland NZ NORWAY POLAND Portugal PORTUGAL Includes the Azores and Madeira. Slovak Republic Slovenia SLOVAKIA SLOVENIA Spain SPAIN Includes the Canary Islands. Sweden SWEDEN Switzerland SWITLAND Does not include Liechtenstein. Turkey TURKEY United Kingdom UK Includes Jersey, Guernsey and the Isle of Mann. United States USA Includes the 50 states and the District of Columbia. Oil statistics as well as coal trade statistics also include Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, American Samoa, Johnston Atoll, Midway Islands, Wake Island and the Northern Mariana Islands. OECD Total OECDTOT Includes Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom and the United States. OECD Americas OECDAM Includes Canada, Chile, Mexico and the United States. OECD Asia Oceania OECDAO Includes Australia, Israel, Japan, Korea and New Zealand. OECD Europe OECDEUR Includes Austria, Belgium, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. IEA 28 IEATOT Comprises OECD countries except Chile, Estonia, Iceland, Israel, Mexico, and Slovenia.

27 OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION (2011 Edition) - 27 Countries and Regions Country/Region Short name Definition Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Former Soviet Union OPEC EURASIA FORMERUSSR Comprises Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus 1, Georgia, Gibraltar, Malta, Montenegro, Romania, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Former Yugoslavia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russian Federation, Serbia 2, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. Comprises Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. Comprises Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Venezuela. China Region CHINAREG Includes People s Republic of China and Hong Kong, China. 1. Note by Turkey: With respect to the Cyprus question, Turkey reserves its position as stated in its declaration of 1 May The information in the report under the heading Cyprus relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Turkey recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Commission: The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Turkey. The information in this report relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. 2. Data for Serbia include Montenegro until 2004 and Kosovo until 1999.

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29 OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION (2011 Edition) COUNTRY NOTES Please note that as a result of revisions, data in Oil Information may differ from those published earlier in Energy Statistics of OECD Countries and Energy Balances of OECD Countries. Oil data for 2010 are preliminary, based on Monthly Oil and Gas Statistics (MOS) unless otherwise specified. For some countries data in MOS are not fully compatible with Annual Oil Statistics (AOS), therefore MOS 2010 data have been adjusted in order to show consistent time series developments from 2009 to Australia All data: All data refer to fiscal years which run from 1 July to 30 June (e.g = 1 July 2009 to 30 June 2010). Negative refinery losses are due to differences in treatment of transfers between refineries. Data after 1973 are based on national surveys. Prior to 1973, there are no detailed data available for autoproducers and for sub-sector industry consumption. The large drop in industry consumption in is due to the restructuring of the iron and steel industry, the economic recession and one of the worst droughts in history. Crude oil: The drop in the production in 1999 is due to a gas explosion at Longford plant. There is a break in series for crude oil and NGL production between 2001 and NGL: Prior to 1992, part of the NGL production is included in crude oil. Refinery gas: Prior to 1974, refinery gas is reported net of consumption in refineries. LPG, ethane: LPG includes ethane prior to Lubricants, white spirit, paraffin waxes: Consumption of lubricants, white spirit/sbp and paraffin waxes is reported as non-specified industry consumption, as no further breakdown is available. Fuel oil: Imports of fuel oil are estimated by the Australian administration. There is a break in series for consumption data between 2001 and 2002, due to a change in data collection and estimation methodology. Austria There are breaks in stock levels between 1989 and The industry breakdown is based on a new survey from 1999 onwards. Gas/diesel oil: For 1978 and 1979, industry consumption of gas/diesel oil is included with fuel oil. Other products: As of 1978, "other products" include paraffin waxes and petroleum coke. Prior to 1990, they include also naphtha. Lubricants: Before 1990 consumption of lubricants is reported in the road sector as no further breakdown is available. Belgium Data for non-metallic minerals, machinery, mining/quarrying, food/beverages, tobacco, pulp/paper/ printing and construction are not available prior to Inputs to electricity and CHP plants have been estimated by the Secretariat from year 1974, based on

30 30 - OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION inputs reported in the Annual Electricity Questionnaire. The new reporting system started in Refinery feedstocks: The decrease of products transferred in 1995 was due to refinery maintenance of one month. Refinery gas: Prior to 1975, refinery gas is reported net of consumption in refineries. LPG, gas/diesel oil: LPG and gas/diesel oil consumption in the commercial/public services sector is included with the residential sector prior to Fuel oil: The break in series for fuel oil between 1975 and 1976 is due to a change in classification between the industry and "other". The decrease in industry consumption since 1993 is due to the introduction of an excise tax as well as the increased use of natural gas. Other products, petroleum coke: The break in series between 1999 and 2000 is due to improvements in the collection system. Canada Other hydrocarbons: Indigenous production of other hydrocarbons represents synthetic crude oil produced from tar sands. Prior to 1990, hydrogen used for the upgrading of synthetic crude oil from other sources was included in the natural gas supply. From 1990, a different methodology was adopted by the Canadian Administration and these amounts now are now shown in other hydrocarbons (part of crude oil). Canada imported orimulsion from Venezuela from 1994 to International marine bunkers are included with inland waterways prior to LPG, ethane: LPG includes ethane prior to Ethane is mainly used as petrochemical feedstock. Kerosene, gas/diesel oil, fuel oil: Several breaks in series exist for detailed industrial consumption prior to From 1980, all consumption data are based on one survey. However, from 1988 onwards, data for transport equipment, machinery, food, and textiles are not available as Statistics Canada has ceased the collection of these data. Separate consumption data for agriculture (including forestry) are available from 1983 for kerosene, from 1973 for gas/diesel oil and from 1978 for fuel oil. For previous years, agriculture consumption is included with residential. Gas/diesel oil: As of 1982, gas/diesel oil consumed by fleets in the wholesale/retail service industry is reported in the commerce/public services sector. Prior to 1982, it was included in the road sector. Gasoline type jet fuel: Prior to 1979, gasoline type jet fuel is included with kerosene type jet fuel. Naphtha, other products: Recycled products for naphtha and other products include purchases of feedstock and other additives from non-reporting companies. Chile Data are available starting in Stock data are available starting in data year Prior to year 2009, the Chilean administration can only provide data for stock change. Due to Chilean administration s changes in accounting, breaks in series exist between 2008 and 2009 data. Czech Republic Data are available starting in Consumption data prior to 1994 are estimated by the Secretariat. The Czech Administration submitted official data from 1994 onwards. Gas/Diesel Oil: From 1999 the Czech Administration has implemented a new updating system. It entails breaks in series for the final consumption. Fuel oil, other products: From 2002 onwards, some amounts of fuel oil have been reclassified under other products. This change mainly affects the transformation processes. Denmark From 1990 onwards, Greenland and Faroe Island are not included in oil data. Other hydrocarbons: Orimulsion imports and inputs to electricity generation begin in Orimulsion import stopped in Refinery gas: Prior to 1975, refinery gas is reported net of consumption in refineries. Gas/diesel oil, fuel oil: Prior to 1990, gas/diesel oil and fuel oil used for fishing is included in the inland

31 OIL INFORMATION: BEYOND 2020 DOCUMENTATION (2011 Edition) - 31 waterways sector, while after this date it is reported in the agriculture sector. Fuel oil: From 1974 to 1979, consumption of fuel oil for the CHP production by autoproducers has been estimated. The marked increase in inputs to CHP production in 1994 is due to increased electricity exports to Norway. All oil consumption in the commercial/public services sector is included in residential prior to 1976 except fuel oil which is shown separately in Paraffin waxes: As of 1987, separate data on paraffin waxes are no longer available. Gasoline type jet fuel: Consumption of gasoline type jet fuel ceased in From 1989 onwards, only kerosene type jet fuel is consumed. Other products: Information on recycling and end-use consumption begins in 1989, and refers to waste oil. Data for end-use consumption may vary from year to year due to a detailed survey which is sent to companies in Denmark every other year. For non-survey years, the consumption by end-use is estimated by the Danish Energy Agency. Due to better survey methods, inputs to electricity and heat generation are reclassified as of There is therefore a break in series between 1993 and The oil inputs used in industrial sub-sectors for producing surplus of heat, which is delivered to district heating networks, are allocated to these industrial subsectors. Detail in industry for 1994 and 1995 is based on a new survey. Estonia Data for Estonia are available starting in Prior to that, they are included in Non-OECD data in Former Soviet Union. For the years 1990 to 2007, oil data are based on direct communication with Statistics Estonia and UN ECE. Finland Fuel oil: There is a break in other between 1998 and 1999 due to a new calculation model. Petroleum coke: Data on petroleum coke are only available from 1985 onwards.before 2002, petroleum coke used as refinery fuel was included with refinery gas. In 1995, there is a break in series for oil products trade due to the aligning of the National Board of Customs trade data collection system with the European Union's Intrastat system. France NGL: Ethylene produced in Lacq is not included in NGL from 2001 onwards. Additives and oxygenates: Data are available from Petroleum coke: The split of petroleum coke consumption into energy and non-energy use is not available prior to Data for non-ferrous metals is not available since 2000, hence included in nonspecified industry. LPG, ethane: LPG includes ethane prior to Breaks in the time series for LPG consumption are due to improved data collection. Prior to 1994, the separation of consumption of LPG by the tertiary sector between residential and commerce/ public services have been estimated by the Secretariat. Kerosene type jet fuel: The consumption includes military use as of Gas/diesel oil: Consumption in the non-metallic minerals sector has been reclassified as non-ferrous metals and vice-versa for years 1982 to Prior to 1985, residential sector consumption is reported under commerce/public service sector as no separate data were available. Gas/diesel oil, fuel oil: Residential and commerce/ public services sector consumption for gas/diesel and residual fuel oil has been estimated by the Secretariat from 1985 to 1998 based on information provided by the French Administration. A different treatment of transfers was adopted from From 1998, imported oil products needing further refinery processing are no longer reported as refinery feedstock imports but as oil product imports and products transferred. And from 1999, due to a reallocation of some products, part of the amounts previously reported in other products is now reported in fuel oil. Since 2001, transfers of various oil products are reported with fuel oils in some years.