BDF project. 1. Komatsu action with B10 mandate in Indonesia 2. Technical investigation with B20 3. Summary

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Gillian Anderson
6 years ago
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1 BDF project 1. Komatsu action with B10 mandate in Indonesia 2. Technical investigation with B20 3. Summary 1

2 Standard ASTM D7467 EN590 Others Global situation of BDF B5 B7 Indonesia B5 B10 BDF Mandate USA B5 Brazil B5 Minnesota/ Oregon B5 Massachusetts B10 Minnesota in Summer Komatsu Global policy 2007 Recommend (no warranty) B5/B7 (2013) Recommend (warranty)

3 BDF quality standard for Komatsu warranty 3 BDF quality (B100 & blended) shall comply with EN/ASTM standard BDF supply chain shall be certified by a quality assurance program Diesel Fuel ASTM D975 B100 (100% BDF) EN14214 (EU) ASTM D6751 (USA) B10 (BDF 10%) ASTM D Some quality assurance program shall cover BDF supply chain (Method of analysis, storage, sampling, transportation & etc.) e.g. BQ9000 in USA (Users have to buy BDF from BQ9000 Certified producer/marketer) The Gov. of Indonesia have own Standard SNI 7180 (B100) No quality assurance program in Indonesia (no assurance of BDF quality) Komatsu warranty policy can not meet BDF situation in Indonesia CAT & Cummins policy is also same as Komatsu

4 Komatsu supporting B10 Supply Chain management of Adaro B10 quality of Adaro B10 supply chain comply with ASTM D7467 KMSI can prepare warranty of machines with current B10 in Adaro mine Diesel Fuel

Kalimantan EN14214 / ASTM D6751 (Request COQ to Shell) B10 supply chain Blending for B10 (Shell terminal) S.

4 4 Komatsu supporting B10 Supply Chain management of Adaro B10 quality of Adaro B10 supply chain comply with ASTM D7467 KMSI can prepare warranty of machines with current B10 in Adaro mine Diesel Fuel (Import) B100 production (Etherindo) Java Fuel tanker Fuel tanker EN14214 / ASTM D6751 Fuel supplier; Shell Storage Shell terminal S. Kalimantan B100 Storage Shell terminal S. Kalimantan EN14214 / ASTM D6751 (Request COQ to Shell) B10 supply chain Blending for B10 (Shell terminal) S. Kalimantan ASTM D7467 *Analysis once a week in B10 supply chain No quality issue of B10 has been found in B10 supply since Aug Fuel tanker Fuel truck B10 storage (Adaro) *ASTM D7467 Adaro B10 storage (PAMA) B10 storage (SIS) B10 storage (BUMA) B10 storage (RA) *ASTM D7467 Machines Machines Fuel truck Machines Machines Contractors

5 Aug-W2 Aug-W3 Aug-W4 Sept-W1 Sept-W2 Sept-W3 Sept-W4 Sept-W5 Oct-W1 Oct-W2 Oct-W3 Oct-W4 Nov-W1 Nov-W2 Nov-W3 Nov-W4 Des-W1 Des-W2 Des-W3 Des-W4 Des-W5 Jan-W1 Jan-W2 Av [mgkoh/g] Acid Value (Av) 5 Acid Value (Av) Result SIS-Storage SIS-Pit Stop Adaro-Barge Adaro-Storage PAMA-Storage PAMA-Pit Stop ASTM D Sampling Period ( ) Av Sample < Av Standard in ASTM D7467 : max 0.3 mg KOH/g

6 Aug-W2 Aug-W3 Aug-W4 Sept-W1 Sept-W2 Sept-W3 Sept-W4 Sept-W5 Oct-W1 Oct-W2 Oct-W3 Oct-W4 Nov-W1 Nov-W2 Nov-W3 Nov-W4 Des-W1 Des-W2 Des-W3 Des-W4 Des-W5 Jan-W1 Jan-W2 Water Content [ppm] Water Content 6 Water Content Result SIS-Storage SIS-Pit Stop Adaro-Barge Adaro-Storage PAMA-Storage PAMA-Pit Stop ASTM D Sampling Period ( ) Water Content < Water Content in ASTM D7467 : max 500 ppm

7 Aug-W2 Aug-W3 Aug-W4 Sept-W1 Sept-W2 Sept-W3 Sept-W4 Sept-W5 Oct-W1 Oct-W2 Oct-W3 Oct-W4 Nov-W1 Nov-W2 Nov-W3 Nov-W4 Des-W1 Des-W2 Des-W3 Des-W4 Des-W5 Jan-W1 Jan-W2 OS [hours] Oxidation Stability (OS) 7 30 Oxidation Stability (OS) Result > SIS-Storage SIS-Pit Stop Adaro-Barge Adaro-Storage PAMA-Storage PAMA-Pit Stop ASTM D Sampling Period ( ) OS < OS in ASTM D7467 : min. 6 hours

8 FAME Content [%] FAME Content 8 12 FAME Content Result SIS-Storage SIS-Pit Stop Adaro-Barge Adaro-Storage PAMA-Storage PAMA-Pit Stop ASTM D Jan-W1 Sampling Period (2015) Jan-W2 FAME content is below 10% *FAME content analysis started from January 2015

15% lower than Diesel fuel Various level of BDF (0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 50%,

9 Engine Bench Test of 12V140 (HD785-7) at KRA 9 BDF Project Jatropha BDF Commercial Palm BDF *Calorie of 100% BDF is app.15% lower than Diesel fuel Various level of BDF (0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 50%, 100%) 3 replication of each level Data Rated Output Engine Torque Curve KOMATSU MARKETING & SUPPORT INDONESIA

10 Rated power (HP) Bench Test Result of J-BDF 10 Jatropha BDF (project) April 2011 Palm BDF (commercial) Oct % 98% 96% 94% 92% 90% 88% 86% y = x R 2 = % 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% y = x R 2 = % 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

B20 vehicle test phase II Confidential to B20 project (ADARO-KOMATSU-UT-SIS) 11 A. B20 production and usage B. SMR and Total operating hours 1. Target; 16,000 hours 2.

Purpose; Investigate LCC with B20 comparing with diesel fuel (maintenance cost, component life) B20 production and monthly usage has positive correlation. No abnormality founded.

11 B20 vehicle test phase II Confidential to B20 project (ADARO-KOMATSU-UT-SIS) 11 A. B20 production and usage B. SMR and Total operating hours 1. Target; 16,000 hours 2. Method; 2 units HD785 (SIS) with B20 produced by the project B20 = B19 (palm) + B1 (jatropha) 3. Purpose; Investigate LCC with B20 comparing with diesel fuel (maintenance cost, component life) B20 production and monthly usage has positive correlation. No abnormality founded. Normal usage of B20 Mid of Jan 15 total operating hour: - DT214 : 2,321 hours - DT215 : 2,309 hours Rain start occurred in Nov-Jan, expressed in operating hour: Sep : 524hrs Oct : 553hrs Nov : 461hrs Dec : 377hrs Jan : 105hrs (mid), estimated around 200hrs All data as of Jan, 15 th 2015

Caution Result: TAN, TBN and Fuel dilution

12 B20 vehicle test phase II Confidential to B20 project (ADARO-KOMATSU-UT-SIS) 12 C. Monitoring Engine oils analysis (TBN, TAN and Fuel dilution) Max. High Max. Caution Result: TAN, TBN and Fuel dilution values are NORMAL in range every 500 engine oil hours

13 Result of component test (1) 13 B20 causes NBR or CSM degradation B20 test data Hose Zinc Degraded NBR Yokohama Elution Swelling NBR BS Elution Swelling CSM* ND Swelling NBR; Nitrile rubber CSM; Chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber FKM; Fluoroelastomers *The BDF project data of HD785 showed CSM was better than NBR in term of degradation NBR or CMS hoses shall be changed to FKM to for B20 Komatsu will use FKM hoses only for a brand new unit Customers shall change to FKM hoses by themselves

14 Result of component test (2) 14 Zinc causes injector deposit Reduce jet volume Data of effect of B20 on fuel tank Material steel sheet Inside surface processing BDF effect Model Acid cleaned Cationic electro deposition coat * (should be improved one) degraded Acid cleaned Epoxy coat (Dengyo) Safe Acid cleaned Phosphate Zinc coat (parker) Safe Acid cleaned Anti Rust only Safe Zinc coated Anti Rust only Zn elute Investigating if Zinc coated tank shall be changed for B20 More than 30,000 units with Zinc coated tank in Indonesia

15 Summary 15 Request to the Government of Indonesia for BDF mandate 1. Improved SNI matching to EN or ASTM 2. Established a guide line or SOP for BDF producers & marketers and authorizeed the producers & marketers Currently Komatsu can prepare warranty only for Adaro case Komatsu investigation summary for B20 1. Fuel hoses shall be changed for all models 2. Fuel consumption shall increase in app. 2% 3. Fuel tank material shall be changed for some major models? (still under investigation) 4. Considered engine oil maintenance period shall be shorten, 500 hours to 250 hours 5. Long term effect is unknown

Commercial-in-Confidence Ashton Old Baths Financial Model - Detailed Cashflow

Commercial-in-Confidence Ashton Old Baths Financial Model - Detailed Cashflow Year 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Oct-16 Nov-16 Dec-16 Jan-17 Feb-17 Mar-17 Apr-17 May-17 Jun-17 Jul-17 Aug-17 Sep-17 Oct-17 2,038 2,922 4,089 4,349 6,256 7,124 8,885 8,885 8,885 8,885 8,885 8,885 9,107