Current state of the art of biofuels applications in EU25

Transcription

1 Current state of the art of biofuels applications in EU25 Efi Alexopoulou Biomass section Budapest 9/3/06

2 Biofuels Biodiesel Bioethanol Biogas, Vegetal oils, bio-methanol, biodimethylether, bio-etbe, bio-mtbe, synthetic fuels and bio-hydrogen are also referring by European Commission but have been only little developed or not yet developed.

3 Biofuels Bioethanol is obtained from distilling the sugar extracted from beets as well as from cereals like wheat, barley or corn Biodiesel is produced from oleaginous plants like rape or sunflower. The vegetal oil then undergoes an esterification process using methanol (derived from natural gas) for transformation to RME

4 Biofuels production in the European Union in EU25 in 2004 Biodiesel tonnes Bioethanol tonnes Biodiesel production represented the 79.5% of the total biofuels production, while bioethanol represents the 20.5%.

5 Biodiesel Biodiesel is generally produced by transesterification of vegetable oils (so-called fatty acid methyl esters, FAME). Currently, the predominant oils used in biodiesel production are rape and sunflower oil in Europe, and soya oil in North America. Again, the cost of the feedstock represents the major component of total production costs of biodiesel, such that cheaper oils such as palm oil or even used frying oil could have a significant cost advantage.

6 Biodiesel Production in European Union since

7 Biodiesel production in European Union in 2003 and 2004 Country Increase Germany France Italy Denmark Czech Republic Austria Slovakia 0 Spain 6000 UK 9000 Lithuania Sweden ,0% TOTAL EU ,8% -2,5% +17,2% +70,7% -14,3% +78,1% +116,7% 0,0% +28,6%

8 Biodiesel production (data 2004) >More than 1 million tons produced in Germany (53,5% of the total production) In France (2004) the biodiesel production was tonnes and there is a plan for by 2007 In Italy the biodiesel production is going to be decreased in 2005 from to tonnes. Other countries in Europe have been decided to go into biodiesel production like Spain ( in Cartagena in 2005) and Portugal ( on going)

9 Biodiesel production in Germany ( )

10 Main biodiesel producers in EU (2004) Company Nationality Production (tonnes) rough estimates Diester Industry French > ADM American > Novaol French > Natur Energie West German < Fox Petrioli Italian > MUW Mitteldeutsche Umesterungs Werke Campa biodiesel GmbH German > German >70000

11 Biodiesel production places related to rapeseed production (source University of Applied Sciences - Germany)

12 Biodiesel production places related to corn production (source University of Applied Sciences - Germany)

13 Production costs & international diesel prices Biofuel production costs (US$/ lt of fuel) IFP W/tax (US$/ lt of fuel) IFP W o/tax USA (US$/ lt of fuel) CAN EU POL BRA Diesel prices for the EU-15 are weighted averages of prices in Germany, France and Italy

14 Cost Ranges: Biodiesel Source: Renewables 2005 Global Status Report Typical costs: $ cents/ liter diesel equivalent Cost could decline to $ cents/ liter diesel equivalent (sugar) post for rapeseed and soy, and remain about 25 $ cents (currently) for biodiesel from waste oil.

15 Bioethanol In 2004 the bioethanol production was , while in 2003 was (increase 15.6%) Commission (CAP) is obliged to buy and store excess wine production and part of it can be transformed into ethanol which then can be sold in the biofuels market

16 Bioethanol production in the European Union since

17 Bioethanol situation Spain is the leading European Union country in terms of Bioethanol production ETBE (194,000 tonnes in 2004, while in 2003 was 160,000 tonnes). There is a projection for 160,000 tonnes (Abengoa Group Castilian Y Leon) more in 2006 that will not be ETBE but bioethanol will mixed directly with petrol. France increases quotas (from 82,000 tonnes in 2003 increases to 102,000 tonnes in 2004 and the Biofuel Plan will benefit with an additional approval of 320,000 tonnes between now and 2007).

18 Bioethanol situation Sweden consuming than it produces (52,000 tonnes in 2004, while the annual consumption was 206,000 tonnes). Unlike Spain and France, Sweden does not transform ethanol to ETBE in order to distribute it. Poland is waiting for a new law (is the only European country that bioethanol production between 2003 and 2004 was decreased 40.7% because the Polish Constitutional Court did not ratify the Biofuels Law of November 2003). Germany is starting bioethanol production (three new units are expected with a production capacity of 500,000 tonnes from cereals and all be located close to the Polish border.

19 Bioethanol and ETBE production in 2003 and 2004 (in tons) Bioethanol production ETBE production Bioethanol production ETBE production Spain France Sweden Poland n.d. Germany Bioethanol sold by European Community n.d n.d. Total EU

20 Bioethanol actors The bioethanol market is controlled by the big industrial groups and the large agriculture cooperatives of the sugar and alcohol industries The Spanish group ABENGOA is the largest bioethanol maker with a production of 226,000 tonnes. At the moment had two units in Spain (in Cartagena and in Texeiro), while one more is expected with a production of 160,000 tonnes. In collaboration with AB Bioenergy France (controlled at 51%) is going to produce 180,000 tonnes in southwest of France.

21 Bioethanol actors In France, the Tereos Group produced 48,000 tonnes and holds the 40% of the ethanol market share in France and in the future the group is planning the production of two units (one in Lillebonne with a capacity of 200,000 tonnes and one in Origny with a capacity of 160,000 tonnes). In France there is also the Gristal Union that groups together the Champagne-Ardenne region beet cooperatives with a project for a production of 238,000 tonnes near Reims. In Sweden there are two main actors Agroetanol (40,000 tonnes) and Svensk Etanolkemi (15,000 tonnes)

22 Bioethanol production places related to cereals production (source University of Applied Sciences - Germany)

23 Production costs of ethanol & international diesel prices Ethanol production costs (wheat) Ethanol production costs (maize) IFP W/tax (US$/ lt of fuel) IFP W o/tax (US$/ lt of fuel) (US$/ lt of fuel) (US$/ lt of fuel) USA CAN EU POL

24 18 MTOE targeted in 2010 It is estimated that in 2005 the biofuels production came up to 2.8 million toe, while in 2010 is expected to be 9.4 million toe (when white paper set a goal for 2010 for 18 Mtoe)