OPTIMIZATION OF HEAT TRANSFER PARAMETERS TO ENHANCE COOLING PERFORMANCE IN AUTOMOBILE RADIATOR USING TIO2 NANOFLUID AS COOLANT

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1 OPTIMIZATION OF HEAT TRANSFER PARAMETERS TO ENHANCE COOLING PERFORMANCE IN AUTOMOBILE RADIATOR USING TIO2 NANOFLUID AS COOLANT M. V. S. Pavan Kumar 1, J. Vijay Kumar 2, M. Vinod Kumar 3, J. Subah Kumar 4 1,2,3,4 Aitant Profeor, Deartment of Mechanical Engineering, Sai Intitute of Technology and Engineering, Tadealligudem. Abtract The thermal erformance of an automobile radiator lay an imortant role in the erformance of an automobile cooling ytem and all other aociated ytem. Normally, it i ued a a cooling ytem of the engine and generally water i the heat tranfer medium. Nanofluid have attracted attention a a new generation of heat tranfer fluid building in automotive cooling alication, becaue of their excellent thermal erformance. In thi work, heat tranfer enhancement uing nanoowder i uended in ditilled + ethylene glycol. The flow rate and inlet temerature of the radiator are conidered a varying arameter. The reult how that, heat tranfer ha been increaed with increae in volume concentration of nanoarticle a well a the flow rate of circulating fluid. The otimized heat tranfer wa obtained at 60 radiator inlet temerature and 12 lm flow rate of the circulating fluid. Key word: Full Factorial Deign, Heat Tranfer, Nanoarticle, Radiator. I NTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction: Thermal roertie of liquid lay a deciive art in heating a well a cooling alication in indutrial oeration. The thermal conductivity of a liquid i an imortant thermal roerty that decide it heat carrying caacity. Conventional heat tranfer fluid have inherently oor thermal conductivity which make them inadequate for ultra high cooling alication. An Exerimental Invetigation of Heat Tranfer Characteritic of Automobile Radiator uing TiO2 have been done by V. Salamon et.al [1]. The author concluded that the Nuelt number of the nanofluid, coolant increae with an increae in flow rate. At a low inlet coolant temerature the water/roylene glycol mixture howed a higher heat tranfer rate when comared with nanofluid coolant. However, at higher oerating temerature and higher coolant flow rate, 0.3 vol. % of TiO2 nanofluid enhance the heat tranfer rate of 8.5% when comared to bae fluid. Jaafar Albadr et.al [2] meaured heat tranfer through heat exchanger uing Al2O3 nano fluid at different concentration. The reult the convective heat tranfer of nano fluid i lightly higher than that of the bae liquid at ame ma flow rate and at the ame inlet temerature. The heat tranfer of the nanofluid increae with an increae in the ma flow rate, alo the heat tranfer increae with the increae in the volume concentration of the Al2O3 nanofluid, however, increaing the volume concentration caue increae in the vicoity of the nanofluid leading to increae in friction factor. An extenive review on water/ethylene glycol baed nanofluid and their alication have been done by Azmi et.al. [3]. The author concluded that many invetigation on nanofluid with different tye of nanomaterial and baed fluid have hown that nanofluid oe better thermal 72

2 erformance. They alo found that heat tranfer characteritic of nanofluid were influenced by the tye of bae fluid, the ratio of water and ethylene glycol mixture, nanoarticle material, volume concentration, nanoarticle ize and flow characteritic. Vivek et.al. [4] Studied the heat tranfer characteritic of Al2O3 /water-ethylene glycol nanofluid coolant in automobile radiator. Heat tranfer enhancement of about 37% wa obtained with 0.1% of AlO3 nanoarticle. They alo conducted exeriment with water/roylene glycol mixture a bae fluid. An enhancement of 9% in the overall heat conductance wa obtained by the addition of 0.2% alumina nanoarticle into roylene glycol baed coolant fluid. Exerimental invetigation of the cooling erformance of an Automobile radiator uing Al2O3 Water + ethylene Glycol nanofluid ha been done by D. Tiruathirao et.al. [5] Maximum heat tranfer erformance for 0.08% volume fraction wa found 48 % higher comared to water. The effective thermal conductivity of nanofluid increae with increae in article concentration which lead to increae the radiator cooling erformance. The coolant flow rate i varied from 3 lm to 15 lm. It i oberved that with increae in flow rate heat tranfer erformance increae. It i een that mot of reearch work done o far water and water-ethylene glycol baed nanofluid with different volume concentration of nanoarticle. Inlet temerature of coolant fluid to radiator and coolant fluid flow rate lay a very imortant role in automobile radiator. In thi aer otimization of heat tranfer arameter to enhance cooling erformance in automobile radiator uing TiO2 nanofluid a coolant done exerimentally. The heat tranfer of nanofluid comared with ure water and bae coolant fluid mixture. II EXPERIMENTAL METHODOLOGY 2.1 Exerimental Setu: A hown in figure 1 the exerimental etu conit of a car radiator, an electric heater, a reervoir tank, a centrifugal um, an air blower, flow control valve and K-tye thermocoule to meaure the inlet and outlet fluid temerature. An electrical heater of 2 kw wa ued to heat the coolant in the reervoir tank. The coolant wa circulated uing a 0.25 HP centrifugal um. A manually oerated valve wa ued to vary the flow rate of the coolant fluid entering the radiator in between 3-15 lit/min. Two K-tye thermocoule were laced at the inlet and the outlet of the radiator wall urface to meaure air temerature of the radiator to meaure the coolant temerature. Thermocoule were alo fixed on front ide to record the air temerature. Figure 1: Exerimental Setu 2.2 Exerimental Procedure: The forced convective heat tranfer exeriment wa conducted in the radiator exerimental etu uing ure water, water/roylene glycol mixture (70:30), and water/ethylene glycol/tio2 nanofluid (0.3% and 0.6% by volume). The coolant in the reervoir tank wa heated u to the deired temerature and circulated through the radiator uing the um. The inlet temerature of the coolant in the radiator i varied 60, 65 and 70. The coolant flow rate varied between 6 to 12 l/min. The air flow rate to the radiator wa ket contant at an average of 15m/. The outlet temerature of the coolant wa recorded uing K-tye thermocoule. Furthermore, K-tye thermocoule were fixed on the radiator wall on front ide to record the air temerature. 2.3 Full Factorial Deign (FFD): Deign of Exeriment ued to form the combination. Here, two arameter with three different level were conidered. By uing the Full Factorial Deign in Matlab, the formula to obtain combination wa a m where a indicate the No.of level, m indicate the No.of 73

3 arameter. Here we conidered two arameter with three different level (3 2 =9). Table 1: Inut Parameter to FFD S. N o Parameter 1 Inlet Tem. Of coolant fluid in Radiator ( C) 2 Coolant Fluid Flow Rate (lm) Lev el 1 Lev el2 Lev el The above table how the inut arameter to FFD. Table 2: Outut Parameter from FFD Run Order Inlet Tem. Of coolant fluid in Radiator ( C) Coolant Fluid Flow Rate (lm) The above table how the outut arameter from FFD. By uing above data erie of exeriment are conducted uing Water, Water+ Ethylene Glycol, Water+ Ethylene Glycol+ TiO2 nanoarticle (0.03% volume concentration) and Water+ Ethylene Glycol+ TiO2 nanoarticle (0.06% volume concentration) a coolant fluid. Temerature value of the wall urface and outlet temerature of coolant fluid from radiator are recorded for all erie of exeriment. Run Order i nothing but erie of combination order. III NANOFLUID PREPARATION Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofluid wa reared in two different concentration 0.03% and 0.3% by volume of the bae fluid uing the two-te method to undertand the effect of article concentration on the heat tranfer rate. The bae fluid wa the mixture of water and ethylene glycol in the ratio 70:30. The dry nanoarticle were added directly in the bae fluid at required concentration. The dierion roce wa carried out uing robe ultraonicator. The nanofluid wa ubjected to ultraonication in the frequency of 20Hz for the duration of 6Hour. The denity, ecific heat and thermal conductivity of nanofluid were calculated uing two hae flow equation nf φ 1 φ w (1) Where nf =Denity of nanofluid. φ = Volume concentration of nanoarticle. = Denity of nanoarticle. = Denity of water (Bae Fluid). C nf Where w φ C φ C nf 1φ C w 1φ w w = Secific heat of nanofluid. k k bf 1 β k k 1 β (2) 3 k 2k bf 2 φ K nf k 3 bf k 2k φ bf bf (3) Where K nf = Thermal Conductivity of nanofluid. % Volume Concentration = W W W water water (4) 74

4 IV EXPERIMENTAL CALCULATIONS The heat tranfer for all the erie of exeriment were calculated uing the following rocedure Q ha T ha T T (5) Where h i the heat tranfer, A i urface area and Tb i bulk mean temerature. b Ti TO T b (6) 2 Where Ti = Inlet Temerature of coolant fluid. To= Outlet Temerature of coolant fluid. T 1 T T 4 (7) 4 The above table how the heat tranfer value for Water, Water+ Ethylene Glycol, Water+ Ethylene Glycol+ TiO2 nanoarticle (0.03% volume concentration) and Water+ Ethylene Glycol+ TiO2 nanoarticle (0.06% volume concentration) a coolant fluid. Grah 1: Heat tranfer h V Run order (Water) T i the tube wall temerature, obtained by the average of the front ide thermocoule. Heat tranfer rate i given by Q mc T T i o (8) Where m i the ma flow rate. c = ecific heat of coolant fluid. Heat tranfer obtained by h mc T T T o i ex A b T (9) By uing above formula heat tranfer value calculated for all nine erie of exeriment a earlier mentioned in the table. From the above grah it i oberved that the maximum heat tranfer at run order 3 while uing water a coolant fluid. Grah 2: Heat tranfer h V Run order (Water+E.G.) V RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 3 : Heat Tranfer Coefficient Value Run Order Heat tranfer of Water (W/m 2 -k) Heat tranfer of Water + EG (W/m 2 -k) Heat tranfer of (Water + EG % TiO2 nano fluid) ( W/m 2 -k) Heat tranfer of (Water + EG % TiO2 nano fluid) ( W/m 2 -k)

5 From the above grah it i oberved that the maximum heat tranfer at run order 3 while uing water+ethylene glycol a coolant fluid. Grah 3: Heat tranfer h V Run order (Water+E. G. +TiO2 nanoarticle 0.03%) while uing water+ethylene glycol+tio2 nanoarticle 0.06 % a coolant fluid. Grah 3: Heat tranfer h V Run order From the above grah it i oberved that the maximum heat tranfer at run order 3 while uing water+ethylene glycol+tio2 nanoarticle 0.03%) a coolant fluid. Grah 3: Heat tranfer h V Run order (Water+E. G. +TiO2 nanoarticle 0.06%) From the above grah it i oberved that the maximum heat tranfer at run order 3 From the above grah it i oberved that comarion of heat tranfer for different roortion of coolant fluid done. The otimized heat tranfer obtained for water+ethylene glycol+tio2 nanoarticle 0.06 % of rank order 3. The otimized arameter are Inlet Tem. Of coolant fluid in Radiator i 60⁰ C and coolant fluid flow rate i 12 lm. VI CONCLUSION The forced convective heat tranfer exerimentation have been uccefully erformed on automobile radiator by mean of coolant fluid a water, water+ethylene glycol, water+ ethylene glycol+tio2 nanoarticle 0.03% and water+ethylene glycol+tio2 nanoarticle 0.06%. Otimization of heat tranfer arameter uccefully comleted and otimized arameter are obtained. 1. The heat tranfer increae with the increae In volume concentration. 2. The otimized heat tranfer wa oberved in Run order 3 for Water+E. G. +TiO2 nanoarticle 0.06%. 3. The heat tranfer increae with the increae In flow rate of coolant fluid even at higher temerature. 76

6 REFERENCES 1. V. Salamon, D. Senthil Kumar, S. Thirumalini, Exerimental Invetigation of Heat Tranfer Characteritic of Automobile Radiator uing TiO2-Nanofluid Coolant, IOP Conf. Serie: Material Science and Engineering 225 (2017). 2. Jaafar Albadr, Satinder Tayal, Muhtaq Alaadi, Heat tranfer through heat exchanger uing Al2O3 at different concentration, Elevier,Cae Studie in Thermal Engineering 1 (2013) W.H. Azmi, K. Abdul Hamid, N.A. Uri, RizalmanMamat, and K.V. Sharma. Heat tranfer augmentation of ethylene glycol: water nanofluid and alication - a review, International Communication in Heat and Ma Tranfer 75, 13 23, KotiJeevith, M. Vivek, S. Thirumalini, Study of heat tranfer characteritic ofal2o3 /water-proylene glycol nanofluid a a coolant in an automobile radiator,international Journal of Alied Engineering Reearch, Volume 10, , D.Tiruathi Rao, S.Ravibabu, Exerimental invetigation of cooling erformance of an Automobile radiator uing Al2O3-Water+ethylene Glycol nanofluid, International Journal of Engineering Reearch and Develoment, Volume 11, Iue 07 (July 2015), PP A. S. Hatwar, V. M. Krilani, A Review on Heat Tranfer Enhancement with Nanofluid, IJARSE, Vol. No. 3, March (2014) 7. D. Vahit, B. Sunny, K. Ahih, Some Studie on the Performance of Automotive Radiator at Higher Coolant Temerature, JBAER, Vol.1, No.3, October (2014), M. S. Parahuram, D. A. Dhananjaya, R. R. Naveena Kumar, Exerimental Study of Heat Tranfer in a Radiator uing Nanofluid, IJEDR, Vol.3, (2015) 77