EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF ONBOARD DRIVER CONDITION MONITORING SYSTEM FOR PASSENGER VEHICLES

Transcription

1 International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET) Volume 9, Issue 6, June 2018, pp , Article ID: IJMET_09_06_035 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF ONBOARD DRIVER CONDITION MONITORING SYSTEM FOR PASSENGER VEHICLES Dineshkumar C Assistant professor Department of Automobile Engineering, BSA Crescent institute of science and technology, Chennai, India Subramanian M Professor Department of Automobile Engineering, BSA Crescent institute of science and technology, Chennai, India ABSTRACT Today modern vehicles require active safety devices to enhance the human safety due to increased frequency of road accidents. The causes of accidents 20 percentage of fatality are due to heart problems during driving. The current proposed system of study is to slowdown the vehicle when health issue signal offered by pulse sensor and temperature sensor. The proposed system performances were analyzed for different scenario to improve the system technology. The concept of this study is cost effective and can be used in commercial vehicles. The signal from pulse sensor is carried out to the processing unit and brake control system senses the speed and road conditions. The brake actuated by actuator which is connected to brake pedal of the electronic braking system and tends to stop down the vehicle and prevents the collision in critical situations. The output pulse is analyzed on different health conditions of the adults by utilizing different parameters temperature, heart range and 0 2 sensors. The output signal offers to activate the brake pedal on different scenario such as heart pulse speed, pedal force, brake disc rpm, thinking distance and reaction distance. The proposed system tends to stop down the vehicle with parking sensors, tail lamp and alarm to warning. Keywords: Temperature sensor, pulse sensor, Actuator, Brake pedal Cite this Article: Dineshkumar. C and Subramanian. M, Experimental Investigation of Onboard Driver Condition Monitoring System for Passenger Vehicles, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 9(6), 2018, pp editor@iaeme.com

2 Experimental Investigation of Onboard Driver Condition Monitoring System for Passenger Vehicles 1. INTRODUCTION Heart beat sensor measures the pulse rate of the heart and to know the condition of cardiovascular system. Clinical system heart beat is measured under various conditions like blood pumping measurement; heart pulse rate is measured by using Electrocardiogram (ECG) it can also be measured in other environments. Our heart beat pump oxygen-rich blood to our muscles and to carry cell waste products away from our muscles. Harder the use muscles, the harder the heart beats while performing these tasks- means our heart must beat faster to deliver more blood. A heart rate monitor is simply a device that takes a sample of heartbeats and computes the heart rate in Beats per Minute (Bpm) so that the information can easily be used to track heart condition. There are two types of methods to monitor heart rate namely electrical and optical methods [1]. The electrical method has an average error of 1 percent and average cost of 7000INR. The optical method has an accuracy rating of 15 percent and an average cost of 3000[1].The average human heart rate is about 70 Bpm for adult men and 75 Bpm for adult women. Heart rate varies consequences between individuals based on fitness, age and genetics. Athletes or sports people have very low beat heart rates [2]. Pulse measurement can be measured by using specialized medical devices, pressing one finger typically on the wrist or the neck. It is commonly accepted method listening to sound of heartbeat using a stethoscope is known as auscultation is common and easy method to measure the heart rate. There are many other methods to measure heart rates like Phonocardiogram, ECG, and blood pressure wave form and pulse meters. But these methods are clinically expensive. There are other cost-effective methods that are implemented with sensors and circuits subjected to movement of object and artery [2]. In this paper, the design and development of a cardiac pulse monitoring device for automobile vehicles is presented that provides an accurate reading of the heart rate using optical and electrical technology. The device is ergonomic, portable, durable, and cost effective. The optical technology used to measure the heart rate with standard Light Emitting Diode (LED) and IR-sensor in steering wheel. A microcontroller is programmed to count the heart beat. The Cardiovascular problem during driving indicates the prevalence of cardiovascular disease, highlighting that heart disease is commonly presents in developed countries. Another universal finding is the high fatality rate with approximately half of due to heartache. The sudden cardiac death as a result of an arrhythmia is the most dangerous complication amongst drivers. The below fig 1 and fig 2 shows the various causes of accidents [3]. Figure 1 Percentage of Death editor@iaeme.com

3 Dineshkumar. C and Subramanian. M Figure 2 Accident due to various issues. 2. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP The intelligent system which is used not only to reduce driver injury and it saves the drivers death during sudden health issues. The existing systems have many sub systems to reduce the speed of vehicle but not enough to prevent injury during health issues in normal Indian vehicles. The system consists of pulse sensor and Temperature sensor which senses the hearth rate of the driver in dynamic and active condition. The pulse sensor which is placed in steering wheel where the driver can hold at particular place. The pulse sensor monitors the pumping of the blood. The Temperature sensor which used to detect the drivers active condition. In the proposed system, the sensors allow detecting health condition of a rider is in dynamic condition. The system is built especially for heartache persons or other health issues who had already had affected by this disease. The sensor is then connected to a controller that allows to measure heart pulse readings. The user may set the high as well as low levels of heart beat limit to narrow band so that the user issues are simple. After setting these limits, the system starts monitoring and as soon as patient heart beat goes above a certain limit, the system sends an alert to the controller which then transmits the signal to the actuator which is connected to the braking system of the vehicle as well alerts the pedestrian by alarm and stoplight for the following vehicle. Also the system alerts for lower heartbeats. Whenever the user logs on for monitoring the system also displays the live heart rate of the patient. Thus concerned ones may monitor heart rate as well get an alert of heart rate during dynamic condition BASIC CONTROL The basic control system of a vehicle can be operated by using a microcontroller pulse sensor, and Temperature sensor which are connected to steering input during pulse variation shown in fig 1.The system is set only for the person s heartache issues and the person can be aware of the lower limit and higher limit of the individual pulse range of the person who drives the vehicle. The pulse can be measured by three times by using the pulse sensor. If the pulse range is varied more than the normal value of the driver the control system triggers the signal. The system had been sensed by using the driver s health condition and the driver s heart rate is programmed in the system. Depends on the condition of the pulse range the actuator is triggered and brake is applied during the critical situation of the driver editor@iaeme.com

4 Experimental Investigation of Onboard Driver Condition Monitoring System for Passenger Vehicles Figure 3 Control system of a vehicle. The heart rate can be measured for difference age group shown in table 1. Table 1 Average heart beat rate. S.NO AGE AVERAGE BPM 1 New born baby years years Adults Athletes The above table had mentioned the average heartbeat of the varies group of human. The adult rate of age group people had been focused for this project because most common heartache problems had been occurred generally in adults. In individuals the heart rate and pulse rate had been varied due to irregular respiration, excitement, exercise and mental stress. The above mentioned issues occur to particular age groups who had been already affected from cardiac leads to heartache. The general safe heart rate for the individuals can be measured by using the formula.the performance of pulse sensor is calculated with the output range of Electrocardiogram. The error rate is measured using- Error [E] = [A-M] x 100] / A Here, A- Actual heart rate M- Measured heart rate and E- Error rate The table 2. Shows the accuracy of the heart range for the tested persons at this age group. The persons who had heartache are tested by cardiologist from hospitals. The report describes about the health condition of the particular age group of the people BRAKING SYSTEM The health issue from the driver which is measured by steering wheel which is monitored during emergency situation of the driver. The signal from the pulse sensor which alerts the driver in trouble and tends to stop the vehicle. The IR sensor which senses the object which is present at the front of vehicle and speed sensor senses the speed of the vehicle. The pulse range fluctuations monitored for one minute and activate the solenoid valve to compress the pedal. The automatic braking is applied and hydraulic plunger is presses the brake pedal editor@iaeme.com

5 Dineshkumar. C and Subramanian. M within a second depends upon the object and driver response. The pedal force is varied depends upon the object detection. The pedal is compressed depending upon the speed of the vehicle and object detection by IR sensor. The vehicle pedal is gradually activated in highway conditions or no object conditions. The vehicle tends to slow down the vehicle and leads to control. The tail lamp will be glowed while the brake pedal is operated as well alarm will be given to public people who had presented there and to know the people the driver is in trouble. The automatic braking is cost effective and to be used in both passenger and commercial vehicles. The impact of the car is reduced while the systems used for the particular health issue situations. The heartache driver is saved and impact is reduced by using this system. The cost of the system is low and effective. Proposed system is used for low end models to reduce the damage of vehicle as well driver and pedestrian. Figure 4 Experimental setup of a Braking system of a vehicle. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The following table shows the various pulse readings obtained from ECG and pulse sensor and the error rate and the abnormal pulse rates that can be attained by peoples between age groups The following graph shows the different heart beat readings for different age groups which were obtained by taking the values from electrocardiogram by testing a number of different persons under the same age group. The below table and graph shows the pulse rate or heartbeat of the particular age group of the proposed pulse sensor of the project. The accuracy level of the pulse sensor has maximum error rate of 2.88(table 2) when compared with the ECG which is measured in static condition had been shown in below table 2. The braking distance calculation for normal dry road condition which have shown in table 3. The speed of the vehicle is monitored and measured by the speed sensor which is placed in the driving wheel. The pulse variation from the control unit make the vehicle tends to stop by using Hydraulic braking which is connected to lever. The brake pedal is activated depends upon the pulse and speed. The pulse sensor input is calculated in case of any object is detected during the critical situation. The both IR input and health sensor input is monitored and the speed of vehicle is measured and reduced. The Hydraulic braking which is connected to the brake pedal of the vehicle activated by solenoid valve. The Hydraulic braking is activated and triggered depends on the pulse rate, speed object detection by IR sensor. The hydraulic pump is connected to the reservoir and solenoid valve. The solenoid is activated when the pulse range is varied during driving normal highway road condition. The vehicle tends to stop during emergency by compressing the brake pedal automatically by solenoid editor@iaeme.com

6 Experimental Investigation of Onboard Driver Condition Monitoring System for Passenger Vehicles Age Max.Heart rate Table 2 Calculated heart rate of pulse sensor ECG (Bpm)- Normal Pulse Sensor (Bpm) Deliberate Error rate (%) Abnormal pulse rate (Bpm) The pedal force is varied depends upon the condition such as normal or gradual braking and sudden braking applied by the pedal force. The pedal force is measured by digital gauge which is connected to pedal at one end and the other end is connected to the frame. The pulse signal which connects to the control unit and which activates the solenoid during random pulse fluctuation and the pedal force is varied depends upon the emergency situation. The speed of the vehicle is measured by calculating the wheel diameter of the disc. The speed is varied by regulator and the reaction distance and braking distance is calculated by normal condition or gradual braking. The braking distance is calculated by considering the reaction time and response time of the system. The braking distance is verified by considering the conventional systems value. The difference or error rate is calculated by using braking distance calculator. The stopping distance is measured by considering the thinking time and braking distance and it is calculated by using passenger vehicle which have considered for testing the vehicle. Thinking distance is also measured for the stopping distance. The below table shows the speed and stopping distance of the vehicle. The reaction distance is the important parameter for the stopping distance which is used to calculate the exact stopping distance. The braking distance is another important parameter to consider the stopping distance efficiency. The braking efficiency is important parameter for the vehicle. The table 3 shows the force applied on the brake pedal and it is calculated by using digital weight gauge by connecting in pedal. Figure 5 Age group vs Bpm The pedal force is the important parameter for calculating the braking distance calculation and stopping distance calculation. Motor speed (rpm) Vehicle Speed (Km/hr) Table 3 Automatic Braking distance calculation Pedal Force (N) Thinking time (sec) Reaction Distance (m) Braking Distance (m) Stopping Distance (m) Conventional (manual)stopping Distance (m) editor@iaeme.com

7 Dineshkumar. C and Subramanian. M Figure 6 Speed vs Stopping Distance (Automatic & Proposed) Table 4 Comparison with conventional (manual) Braking distance calculation S.No Speed Stopping Conventional stopping Error rate stopping (Km/hr) distance (m) distance (m) distance (m) Figure 7 Reaction distance and braking distance. (Conventional) 4. CONCLUSION The system is used to measure the health issue of the driver condition during driving in passenger and commercial vehicles. The main aim of this project is cost effective for vehicles and can be used this system for low price vehicles which is less than 5lakhz. The taxi drivers had been driving the vehicle for prolong time and their health condition can be measured and displayed in onboard and during emergency the vehicle tends to stop. When the fluctuation of pulse is varied continuously the signal from control unit makes the hydraulic braking to activate. The system reduces the speed of the vehicle and the impact from collision during health issues. The system also gives warning or alarm signal to the public for help and the stop light is blinked continuously for rear vehicles to prevent the rear collision. The steering system is controlled by using angle sensor in future work. REFERENCES [1] M.M.A. Hashem1, Rushdi Shams2, Md. Abdul Kader3, and Md. Abu Sayed4. Design and Development of a Heart Rate Measuring Device using Fingertip. (KUET) Khulna 9203, Bangladesh. [2] R. Punitha, G. Suchithra, A. Sujitha. Automatic car control during heart attack with an emergency messaging and comprehensive health monitoring system. Volume 6, Issue 1, January editor@iaeme.com

8 Experimental Investigation of Onboard Driver Condition Monitoring System for Passenger Vehicles [3] Ministry of road transport & highways transport research wing. New Delhi, Road accidents in India [4] Dineshkumar C1, Subramanian M2 Automotive braking system for passenger vehicle to enhance safety. International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 117 No , ISSN: ISSN: (on-line version). (2018). [5] B.Praveen Kumar, K. Mahendrakan, Prevention of Accident due to Drowsy by using Eye blink, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. Volume 3, Issue 5, May [6] Sales K. Jose, X. Anitha Mary, Namitha Mathew, ARM-7 Based Accident Alert and vehicle Tracking System, International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), Volume 2, Issue 4, March [7] Highlights of 2009 Motor Vehicle crashes, Traffic Safety Facts, Research Notes, NHTSA (National Highway traffic Safety Administration). [Online] Accessed on 16 October [8] Veena.S.L1, R.Subhashini2 Driver Alertness Based on Eye Blinking and Bio-signals. International Journal of Advanced Research (2014), Volume 2, Issue 3, [9] Andreas Meiera, Mark Gontera, Rudolf Kruse Precrash classification of car accidents for improved occupant safety systems [10] Rituraj Prince1 Shivasharanappa2 Veeresh Rituraj Prince1 K3 Prof.Mr.C.Shivaprakash4 Geetha.R5.Intelligent Vehicle with Multitask Management Issue 03, [11] Monali Gulhane1 and Prof. P. S. Mohod2 Intelligent fatigue detection and Automatic vehicle control system Miss. June [12] Abhi R. Varma, Seema V. Arote Chetna Bharti. Accident Prevention Using Eye Blinking and Head Movement 2012 (ETCSIT2012). [13] Herman A. Hamersma P. Schalk Els- Improving the braking performance of a vehicle with ABS and a semi-active suspension system on a rough road. 28 September [14] Rajiv Ranjan Singha,Sailesh Conjetia,1, Rahul Banerjeeb- A comparative evaluation of neural network classifiers for stress levelanalysis of automotive drivers using physiological signals., (2013). [15] M.Bellotti a,r. Mariani b.how future automotive functional safety requirements will impact microprocessors design. [16] Motorcycle rider fatigue analyse: Results of an Online Survey. International journal of mechanical production engineering research and development. International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD) ISSN (P): ; ISSN (E): Vol. 8, [17] Saad Al Jaman, MJB Alam amd A. Hamdi, Effects of Automated Traffic Enforcement on Driver Behavior at a Signalized Intersection in Saudi Arabia, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 9(2), 2018, pp [18] Suganya G, Premalatha M, Bharathiraja S and Rohan Agrawal, A Low Cost Design to Detect Drowsiness of Driver, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(9), 2017, pp editor@iaeme.com