GCC STANDARDIZATION ORGANIZATION (GSO)

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1 هيئة التقييس لدول مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية GCC STANDARDIZATION ORGANIZATION (GSO) مشروع مواصفة نهائي Final Draft of Standard FDS TC 02/SC 01 إعداد اللجنة الفنية الفرعية الخليجية رقم Prepared by GSO Technical SubCommittee No. TC 02/SC 01 GSO 02 /01/FDS/ 53 :2018 إطا ارت سيا ارت الركوب الجزء الثالث: طرق االختبار Passenger Car Tyres Part 3: Methods of Test ICS: ; This document is a draft Gulf Standard circulated for comments. It is, therefore, subject to alteration and modification and may not be referred to as a Gulf Standard until approved by GSO. هذه الوثيقة مشروع لمواصفة قياسية خليجية تم توزيعها إلبداء ال أري والملحوظات بشأنها لذلك فإنها عرضة للتغيير والتبديل وال يجوز الرجوع إليها كمواصفة قياسية خليجية إال بعد اعتمادها من الهيئة.

2 تقديم هيئةة الوطنيةةة التقيةي بواسطة لجا لةدو فةة الةةدو فة تضةم إقليميةة هيئةة العربيةة الخلةي لةدو التعةاو مجلة عضةويتها أجهة التقيةي األعضةةاء فنية متخصصة. الهيئةةة مهةةا ومةةن إعةةداد المواصةةفات القياسةةية واللةةوا ا الفنيةةة الخليجيةةة قةةةر المجلةةة الفنةةة لهيئةةةةة التقيةةةي لةةةدو مجلةةةة التعةةةاو لةةةدو الخلةةةي العربيةةةةة فةةة اجتماعةةة قةةةةةةم ( ) الةةةةةةةةةةذي عقةةةةةةةةةةد بتةةةةةةةةةةا ي.../.../... هةةةةةةةةةةة الموافةةةةةةةةةة..../.../... اعتمةةةةةةةةةةاد تحةةةةةةةةةةدي الال حةةةةة الفنيةةةةة الخليجيةةةةة قةةةةم " إطةةةةا ات سةةةةيا ات الركةةةةول الجةةةة ء ال الةةةة طةةةةر االختبةةةةةا " التةةةةة تةةةةةم د اسةةةةةتها و إعةةةةةدادها ضةةةةةمن برنةةةةةام عمةةةةةل اللجنةةةةةة الفنيةةةةةة الفرعيةةةةةة الخليجيةةةةةة قةةةةةم " TC 02/SC01 اللجنةةةةة الفنيةةةةة الفرعيةةةةة الخليجيةةةةة لمواصةةةةفات المركبةةةةات واإلطةةةةا ات " المد جةةةةة فةةةة خطة دولة الكويت. على أ تلغ الال حة الفنية الخليجية الخليجية قم GSO 53:2007 و تحل محلها. 2

3 Passenger Car Tyres Part 3: Methods of Test 1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION This standard is concerned with methods of test for the new passenger car tyres inflated with compressed air. 2 COMPLEMENTARY REFERENCES 2.1 GS 51 Passenger Car Tyres Part 1: Nomenclature, Designation, Marking, Dimensions, Load Capacity and Inflation Pressure. 2.2 GS 52 Passenger Car Tyres General Requirements. 2.3 GS 1783 Passenger Car Tyres Tread wear, Traction and Temperature Resistance Grading. 2.4 GS 1784 Passenger Car Tyres Methods of Testing of Temperature Resistance Grading. 3 VISUAL INSPECTION 3.1 Tyres shall be visually inspected to check the absence of any cracks or cuts in the tread or on either sidewalls, and ensure it is free from any metal pieces, gravel or other foreign matter pinched or stuck in the tyre. 3.2 Information marked on the tyre shall be checked. 3.3 Temperature rating marked on the tyre shall be checked. 3.4 The speed symbol marked on the tyre shall be checked. 3.5 The date of manufacture marked shall be checked. 4 DIMENSIONS MEASUREMENT 4.1 Overall Width a) The tyre shall be mounted on a measuring rim and inflated to the pressure kpa. b) Adjust the pressure as specified in Table 1A and 1B, and allowed to stand for 24 hours, at room temperature (20 to 30) o C prior to measuring. c) Readjust the pressure to the original value. d) Measure the overall width of the tyre be callipered at six different points spaced approximately equally around the circumference. taking the 3

4 thickness of the protective ribs or bands into account The average of these measurements is to be taken as the tyre overall section width. TABLE 1A Inflation Pressure in kpa Pressure, kpa Radial tyre standard Ttype Reinforced biasbelted temporary Standard or extra tyres use spare load TABLE B Inflation Pressure in kpa Diagonal (biasply) tyres Plyrating Pressure, kpa Speed category L, M, N P, Q, R, S T, U, H, V Overall Diameter The maximum outer circumference shall be measured with a steel tape and then the value divided by to obtain the overall diameter. 5 TENSILE STRENGTH AND ELONGATION TEST 5.1 A test specimen shall be taken from the tread in the direction of the circumference with dimensions as in Fig. (1a or 1b). 5.2 Procedure The test specimen shall be fixed between the two jaws of the testing machine, and shall be tensiled at a rate of mm/min. 5.3 Calculation The tensile strength shall be calculated as follows: T = L A kg/mm2 Where: T = tensile strength, kg/mm 2 L = maximum load, kg A = Cross sectional area of the test specimen, mm 2 4

5 5.3.2 The elongation shall be calculated as follows: Elongation = x 100 Where: 6 AGEING TEST 11 = standard length, mm 12 = the length at breaking time, mm 6.1 Preparation of Sample Four test specimens shall be taken by the same methods and dimensions mentioned in item Apparatus A closed furnace, with the temperature adjusted so as to be (70 1) o C, at its center, provided that it shall not be changed at any point in the furnace by 2 o C. The furnace shall be equipped with a thermostat with a precision 1 o C, and a system to change the inside air once per hour at least. The volume of inside area of the furnace must be proportioned to the weight of the test portion. It shall be 10 ml for each 1 gram of the sample weight at least. 6.3 Procedure Test specimens shall be hung in the center of the furnace after the inside temperature becomes steady. Test specimens shall not touch each other and shall not be touching the furnace walls. It shall be kept in the furnace for 96 hours, then taken out and left in room temperature before carrying out the tensile test after 1696 hours. 5

6 Figure 1 Test Specimens 7 STRENGTH TEST 7.1 Preparation of Tyre Mount the tyre on a test rim and inflate it to the applicable pressure specified in Table Condition it at room temperature for at least 3 hours Readjust its pressure to that specified in Test Procedure 6

7 7.2.1 Force a 19 mm diameter cylindrical steel plunger with a hemispherical end perpendicularly into the tread rib as near to the centerline as possible, avoiding penetration into the tread groove, at the rate of 50 mm/min Record the force and penetration at five test points equally spaced around the circumference of the tyre. If the tyre fails to break before the plunger is stopped by reaching the rim, record the force and penetration as the rim is reached and use these values in paragraph 7.3. TABLE 2 Inflation Pressure in kpa Standard Radial tyres Reinforced or extra load Diagonal (biasply) Tyres Ply rating Ttype temporary use spare tyres Calculations Compute the breaking energy for each test point by means of one of the two following formulas: W=[(F P)/2] 10 3 (joules) Where W = Energy, joules F = Force, Newton P = Penetration, mm Determine the breaking energy value for the tyre by computing the average of the five values obtained in accordance with ENDURANCE TEST 8.1 Preparation of Tyre Mount a new tyre on a test rim and inflate it to the applicable pressure specified in Table Condition the tyre assembly to 38 ±3 C for at least three hours Readjust tyre pressure to that specified in Table 2 immediately before testing. 8.2 Test Procedure 7

8 8.2.1 Mount the tyre and wheel assembly on a test axle and press it against a flatfaced steel test wheel (1.70 m + 1%) in diameter and at least as wide as the section width of the tyre to be tested or an approved equivalent test wheel, with the applicable test load specified in Table 3 for the tyre s size designation, type and maximum permissible inflation pressure During the test, the air surrounding the test area shall be between (3844) C Conduct the test at 80 km/h in accordance to the schedule listed in Table 3 without pressure adjustment or other interruptions. The test loads listed in Table 3 are the specified percentage of the maximum load rating marked on the tyre sidewall Immediately after running the tyre the required time, measure its inflation pressure. Allow the tyre to cool for one hour. Then deflate the tyre, remove it from the test rim, and inspect it. The tyre shall be checked for evidence of tread, side wall, innerliner, cord, ply, belt or bead separation, tread chunking, open splices or broken cords. TABLE 3 Stages of Endurance Test Test Stage Radial Tyres Test Load (N) BiasPly & TType Temporary Use Spare Tyres Test Time (h) 1 1 x max load capacity 0.85 x max load capacity x max load capacity 0.90 x max load capacity x max load capacity 1 x max load capacity 24 9 HIGH LOAD/SPEED PERFORMANCE TEST 9.1 Preparing the Tyre 9.2 Apparatus a) The tyre shall be mounted on the specified rim and inflated to the pressure shown in Table 4. b) tyreandwheel assembly shall be conditioned at a temperature not less than 38 o C for a minimum of 3 hours. c) Immediately prior to test, the inflation pressure shall be readjusted to that specified in Table 4. d) Readjust the tyre pressure to that specified in paragraph (a) above. 8

9 A steel drum of (1700 1%) or (2000 1%) mm diameter and at least the same width as the tread width of the tyre to be tested. 9.3 A test apparatus environment controlled at a temperature not less than 38 o C during the test period. TABLE 4 Inflation Pressure kpa Speed category Diagonal (biasply) tyres Radial/Run flat system Biasbelted tyres Ply rating Standard Reinforced Standard Ttype temporary use spare tyres L, M, N P, Q, R, S T, U, H V W Y Test Procedure Mount the tyreandwheel assembly on a test axle and press it against the outer face of a smooth wheel (1.70 m + 1%) or (2 m + 1%) in diameter Apply to the test axle a load equal to 80% of: the maximum load rating equated to the Load Capacity Index for tyres with Speed Symbols L to H inclusive, the maximum load rating associated with a maximum speed of 240 km/h for tyres speed symbol "V" (see paragraph of GSO 51/2017) the maximum load rating associated with a maximum speed of 270 km/h for tyres with speed symbol "W" (see paragraph of GSO 51/2017) the maximum load rating associated with a maximum speed of 300 km/h for tyres with speed symbol "Y" (see paragraph of GSO 51/2017) Throughout the test the inflation pressure shall not be corrected and the test load shall be kept constant During the test the temperature in the testroom must be maintained between (3844) C. 9

10 9.2.5 Carry the test through, without interruption in conformity with the following particulars: Time taken to pass from zero speed to initial test speed: 10 minutes The mounted tyre on the test axle should be rotated at an Initial Test Speed (ITS): prescribed maximum speed for the type of tyre (see paragraph of GSO 51/2017), less 40 km/h in the case of the smooth wheel having (1.70 m ± 1%) in diameter or less 30 km/h in the case of the smooth wheel having (2 m ± 1%) in diameter For tyres of speed symbol L to W, inclusive: Accelerate the equipment at a constant rate such that the initial test speed (ITS) is reached at the end of 10 minutes from startup. then, at the ITS for 10 minutes. then, at the ITS plus 10 km/h for 10 minutes. then, at the ITS plus 20 km/h for 10 minutes. then, at the ITS plus 30 km/h for 20 minutes For tyres of speed symbol Y: Accelerate the equipment at a constant rate such that the initial test speed (ITS) is reached at the end of 10 minutes from startup. then, at the ITS for 20 minutes. then, at the ITS plus 10 km/h for 10 minutes. then, at the ITS plus 20 km/h for 10 minutes. then, at the ITS plus 30 km/h for 10 minutes For tyres with ZR in the size designation intended for use at speeds greater than 300 km/h Test the tyre at the load and inflation for a Y rated tyre according to the procedures specified above in paragraph Another load/speed test must be carried out on a second sample of the same tyre type as follows: (Note: The second test may be carried out on the same tyre sample if the tyre manufacturer agrees) Inflate the tyre to the inflation pressure specified in Table (4). Apply a load to the test axle that is equal to 80% of the load specified by the tyre manufacturer (see paragraph of GSO 51/2017). Accelerate the equipment at a constant rate without interruptions such that the rated speed of the tyre is reached to the maximum test speed for the second test at the end of 10 minutes from the startup. Then test at the rated speed for 5 minutes Maximum test speed for the second test: maximum speed specified by the tyre manufacturer (see paragraph of GSO 51/2017), less 10 km/h in the case of the smooth wheel having (1.7 m ± 1%) in diameter or equal to the maximum speed specified by the tyre manufacturer in the case of the smooth wheel having (2 m ± 1%) in diameter. 10

11 If the tyre has no service description and has a maximum speed rating that is > 240 km/h and < 300 km/h, inflate the tyre to 300 kpa, load the test axle to 80 per cent of the load specified by the tyre manufacturer, and test the tyre according to the procedure specified in paragraph , with the initial test speed (ITS) equal to the tyre s maximum speed rating as specified by the tyre s manufacturer minus the speed specified in item Immediately after running the tyre the required time, measure its inflation pressure. Allow the tyre to cool for one hour. Then deflate the tyre, remove it from the test rim, and inspect it for the conditions specified in paragraph 9.4 of this regulation. 9.3 Procedure to assess the "flat tyre running mode" of "run flat system" Mount a new tyre on the test rim and carry out the procedure as detailed in paragraphs (9.1a9.1d) Remove the valve insert and wait until the tyre deflates completely Mount the tyreandwheel assembly to a test axle and press it against the outer surface of a smooth wheel (1.70 m ± 1%) or (2.0 m ± 1) in diameter and apply to the test axle a load equal to 65% of the maximum load rating corresponding to the load capacity index of the tyre At the start of the test, measure the deflected section height (Z1). During the test the temperature of the test room must be maintained between (38 44) C Carry the test through, without interruption in conformity with the following particulars: a) time taken to pass from zero speed to constant test speed: 5 minutes. b) test speed: 80 km/h. c) duration of test at the test speed: 60 minutes At the end of the test, measure the deflected section height (Z2). Calculate the change in percent of the deflected section height compared to the deflected section height at the start of the test as ((Z1 Z2) / Z1) x Results a) A tyre which after undergoing the load/speed test does not exhibit any tread separation, ply separation, cord separation, chunking or broken cords shall be deemed to have passed the test. b) However, a tyre marked with the speed symbol "Y" which, after undergoing the relevant test, exhibits superficial blistering of the tyre tread caused by the specific test equipment and conditions, is deemed to have passed the test. 11

12 c) If a "run flat system" tyre which, after undergoing the load/speed test, does not exhibit a change in the deflected section height, compared to the deflected section height at the start of the test, higher than 20 per cent and retains the tread connected to the two sidewalls, it is deemed to have passed the test. 10 TUBELESS TYRE BEAD UNSEATING RESISTANCE TEST 10.1 Preparation of TyreWheel Assembly Wash the tyre, dry it at the beads, and mount it without lubrication or adhesives on a clean, painted test rim Inflate it to the applicable pressure specified in Table II at ambient room temperature Mount the wheel and tyre in a fixture shown in Figure 3, and force the bead unseating block shown in Figure 4A or Figure 4B against the tyre sidewall as required by the geometry of the fixture. However, in testing a tyre that has an inflation pressure of 420 kpa, only use the bead unseating block described in Figure 4B Equipment A fixture used to support the mounted tyrewheel assembly during the test as shown in Fig. 3 with a block of the dimensions shown in Fig A hydraulic press or equivalent to press the block Test Procedure Apply a load through the block to the tyre s outer sidewall at the distance specified in Figure 3 for the applicable wheel size at a rate of 50 mm/min, with the load arm substantially parallel to the tyre and rim assembly at the time of engagement Increase the load until the bead unseats or until the specific load is met whichever happens first Repeat the test at least four places equally spaced around the tyre circumference 10.3 When a tubeless tyre that has a maximum inflation pressure other than 420 kpa, the applied force required to unseat the tyre bead at the point of contact shall be not less than: (a) 6,670 N for tyres with a designated section width of less than 160 mm. (b) 8,890 N for tyres with a designated section width of 160 mm or more but less than 205 mm (8 inches). (c) 11,120 for tyres with a designated section width of 205 mm or more, using the section width specified in a submission made by an individual manufacturer. 12

13 10.4 When a tyre that has a maximum inflation pressure of 420 kpa, the applied force required to unseat the bead at the point of contact shall be not less than: (a) 6,670 N for tyres with a maximum load rating of less than 399 kg. (b) 8,890 N for tyres with a maximum load rating of 399 kg or more but less than 635 kg. (c) 11,120 N for tyres with a maximum load rating of 635 kg or more, using the maximum load rating marked on the sidewall of the tyre. 13

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15 A, mm Nominal Rim Diameter All Other Tyres TType Temporary Use Spare Tyres Figure 3 Bead Unseating Test Fixture (all dimensions in mm) 15

16 Figure 4A Diagram of Bead Unseating Block (all dimensions in mm) 16

17 Figure 4B Diagram of Bead Unseating Block (all dimensions in mm) 17

18 REFERENCES: 1) ECE No. 30 Pneumatic Tyres (Passenger Vehicle), Revision 3: 29 th March ) ECE No. 30 Pneumatic Tyres (Passenger Vehicle), Revision 3/Amendment th November ) ECE No. 30 Pneumatic Tyres (Passenger Vehicle), Revision 3/Amendment th March ) ECE No. 30 Pneumatic Tyres (Passenger Vehicle), Revision 3/Amendment th January ) ECE No. 30 Pneumatic Tyres (Passenger Vehicle), Revision 3/Amendment 4. 9 th February ) FMVSS No. 109 New Pneumatic and Certain Specialty Tires