Review of Design and Fabrication of four wheel Steering system

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1 Review of Design and Fabrication of four wheel Steering system S.Sundar 1, T.Sudarsanan 2, Radha Krishnan 3 1 UG Scholar, Nadar Saraswathi college of Engineering and Technology, Theni 2 Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Nadar Saraswathi college of Engineering and Technology, Theni. 3 Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering, Nadar Saraswathi college of Engineering and Technology, Theni. Abstract This review paper proposed the various methodology of the system in automobile industries. Most of the automobile industries prefer the Ackerman system. This review paper used to find out the research gab and implementation steps in a system. The system should have good vibration resistance, flexible rotation and ease of assembly. Four wheel system has developed through the study of previous work. Keywords Steering system, Fabrication, Mechanism, survey I. INTRODUCTION In current scenario most of automobile industries concentrate in system to full fill their customer requirements as a material selection in assembly modelling also influence the selection factor of system. In this paper has deal with differential.and this is mainly applicable in electric motor driving vehicle and goods carrying robots in industry. Based on this differential and differential locking we can get the following types of a) Ackerman Steering Nowadays most of the use the two wheel as their main handling system. But the efficiency of the two wheel vehicle is proven to be low compared to the four wheel. Four wheel system can be employed in some to improve response, increase vehicle stability while moving at certain speed, or to decrease turning radius at low speed. Four wheel is a technologically, tremendous effort on the part of automotive design engineers to provide near neutral. In situations like low speed cornering, vehicle parking and driving in city conditions with heavy traffic in tight spaces, speed lane changing would be very difficult due to vehicle s larger wheelbase and track width which brings inertia and traction into consideration. Hence there is a requirement of a which result in less turning radius and it can be achieved by implementing four wheel instead of regular two wheel.4wheel Steering System is not a new technology but it has not gained popularity over 2Wheel Steering System even though experiments have proved that it has excellent maneuverability, stability and it is a solution to over steer under steer DOI: /IJRTER THDB 1

2 b) Four Wheel Steering Four-wheel, 4WS, also called rear-wheel or all-wheel, provides a means to actively steer the rear wheels during turning manoeuvres. It should not be confused with four-wheel drive in which all four wheels of a vehicle are powered. It improves handling and helps the vehicle make tighter turns. Production-built cars tend to under steer or, in few instances, over steer. If a car could automatically compensate for an under steer /over steer problem, the driver would enjoy nearly neutral under varying conditions. 4WS is a serious effort on the part of automotive design engineers to provide near-neutral. The front wheels do most of the. Rear wheel turning is generally limited to half during an opposite direction turn. When both the front and rear wheels steer toward the same direction, they are said to be in phase and this produces a kind of sideways movement of the car at low speeds. When the front and rear wheels are steered in opposite direction, this is called anti-phase, counter-phase or opposite-phase and it produces a sharper, tighter turn. c) Crab Steering The Crab is a mode of operation which could be improved in presently known systems. Crab is a mode of operation which could be improved in presently known systems. As described, crab permits the tractor and attached implement to move laterally or sideways for going around a wet spot in a field, closing up an overlap in the field, working closer to fence rows and the like. When working on hillsides, crab permits the wheels to be turned up slope to offset any implement side draft or jack knifing which reduces the possibility of the tractor sliding down the hill. A problem with known systems is that the operator may not be able to react quickly enough to counteract the undesirable tractor sliding because he must perform certain manual procedures before the crab mode can be actuated. Thus, there has been a need for a more versatile control system which will automatically position the tractor drive wheels for crab in response to implement side All Rights Reserved 2

3 d) Zero Radius Steering Zero degree turning radius vehicle implies the vehicle rotating about an axis passing through the centre of gravity of vehicle i.e. the vehicle turning at the same place, where it is standing. No extra space is required to turn the vehicle. So vehicle can be turned in the space equal to the length of the vehicle itself. Today most of the use the two wheel system as their main system. The two wheel system has the low efficiency as compared to four wheel system. The four-wheel system can be employed in some to increase their response, increase vehicle stability when moving at certain speed, or to decrease turning radius at low speed. Four-wheel is a technically, marvelous effort on the part of automotive design engineers to provide near-neutral. In situations like vehicle parking, low speed turning and driving in city conditions with heavy traffic in tight spaces, speed lane changing would be very problematic because of vehicle s larger wheelbase and track width. It gives inertia and traction into consideration. Therefore there is need of a which result in less turning radius. This can be achieved by using four wheel system instead of conventional. II. LITERATURE REVIEW Sl.No AUTHOR/YEAR TITLE MECHANISM APPLICATIONS EFFICIENCY 1) 1) sanjay Kumar Singh 2)sanjay Kumar Sharma 3)akhilesh Kumar All wheel system Four wheel 1)lane changes 2)gentle curves 3)junctions 4)narrow roads 5)u-turns compared to two All Rights Reserved 3

4 verma 2) 1)A.Padma rao 2)Manzoorhadi 3) 1)xiaodong wu 2)min xu 3)wang lei (2013) 4) 1)dingxia zhang 2)li gao 3)yongqiang zhu (2016) 5) 1)P.L.Ramalingm 2)M.Prabhu 3)S.Subramaniyan 4)R.Vigithra (2016) 6) 1)P.F.Flippo 2)D.P.Miller (2013) 7) 1)yuhon toe 2)yongchai ton 3)Boonyew teoh 4)Engbeng tan 5)Zhenyeng wong (2010) 8) 1)Er.Amitesh Kumar 2)Dr.dinesh.N.kamble (2014) 9) 1)yuan shen 2)biao chu 3)dongcai liu 4)chang anzhu Chain drive for a four wheeler Differential speed control for four-wheel independent driving electric vehicle Study on control schemes of flexible system of a multi axle all-n wheel robot Implementation of variable turning radius by combining Ackerman and reverse Ackerman Turning efficiency prediction forskid via single wheel testing A compact design of zero radius autonomous amphibious vehicle with direct differential drive-utar- AAV Zero turn four wheel system Optimization of system of fork lift vehicle for idle 1)Ackerman 2)Davis differential steered Centre of rotation (or) angle of wheels Ackerman Ackerman Direct differential Linkage 6)parallel parking 1)commercial 2)domestic 1)motor driving electrical vehicle 1)lateral movement 2)situ rotation 3)multi mode 1)commercial and domestic 2) speed 1)commercial and domestic vehicle to avoid skidding 1)commercial 1)commercial low low Crank Fork All Rights Reserved 4

5 10) 1)Qiang li 2)Xiao-li yu 3)Hua zhang 4)Rui huang performance Study on differential assist system with double in wheel motors with intelligent controller Differential Parallel hybrid electric vehicle III. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP Based on the literature survey we can get the information about the system and its types and methodology. Steering system consist of small gear, shaft, crown wheel and pinion set up. In fig (1) shows the detail structure of the All Rights Reserved 5

6 In fig (2) shows the differential is converted as system IV. FUTURE SCOPE Based on this, we can apply to any vehicle which is used in sandy surfaces and hills stations. and to apply the goods caring robots to get crab and zero radius by using differential locking. V. CONCLUSIONS In this review paper give the detailed structure of the. Based on the review details we can re modify the design and performance and efficiency. the four can utilized the special process and the safety environment. The following with previous study and future purpose can modify the four wheel. REFERENCES I. B. Radha Krishnan, et al. "Design and Analysis of Modified Idler in Drag Chain Conveyor." In International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology,Volume 9, Issue 1, pp II. Sano, Shoichi, Yoshimi Furukawa, and Shuji Shiraishi. Four wheel system with rear wheel steer angle controlled as a function of wheel angle. No SAE Technical Paper, III. Wenzel, Philip, and David Giere. "Steering for four wheel lawn mower." U.S. Patent No. 5,529, Jun IV. Furukawa, Yoshimi, et al. "A review of four-wheel studies from the viewpoint of vehicle dynamics and control." Vehicle system dynamics (1989): V. Snipes, Terry L. "Four wheel." U.S. Patent No. 5,174, Dec VI. Matsumoto, Goichi, and Yoichi Hayakawa. "Torque transfer with hydraulic control system for a four wheel drive vehicle." U.S. Patent No. 4,369, Jan VII. Ono, Eiichi, et al. "Vehicle dynamics integrated control for four-wheel-distributed and four-wheeldistributed traction/braking systems." vehicle system dynamics 44.2 (2006): VIII. Iwata, Hideyuki. "Control system for split axle drive in part-time four-wheel drive vehicle." U.S. Patent No. 4,915, Apr IX. Kawamoto, Mutumi, et al. "Control apparatus for four-wheel drive vehicle with center differential." U.S. Patent No. 4,765, Aug X. Nakajima, Shuro. "Concept of a novel four-wheel-type mobile robot for rough terrain, RT-mover." Intelligent Robots and Systems, IROS IEEE/RSJ International Conference on. IEEE, XI. Prasath, N. Eswara, et al. "Development Of Three Axes Lifting Modern Trailer." International Journal of Emerging Technology and Innovative Engineering All Rights Reserved 6