Spectrum of Infrasound and Low-frequency Noise in Passenger Cars
|
|
- Grace Dina Gallagher
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Journal of the Korean Physical Society, Vol. 55, No. 6, December 2009, pp Spectrum of Infrasound and Low-frequency Noise in Passenger Cars Sung Soo Jung, Yong Tae Kim and Yong Bong Lee Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon Ho Cheol Kim Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon Su Hyun Shin and Cheolung Cheong Busan National University, Busan (Received 14 July 2009) The interior sound pressure spectrum of modern passenger cars running at various speeds on various road conditions was analyzed in terms of a 1/3 octave band over a frequency range of 1 to 250 Hz. The car speed varied from standing idle to a motorway speed of 110 km/h on a flat asphalt road and a cement road and in a tunnel. The 1/3 octave spectrum consisted of a nearly flat sound pressure level in the infrasound region up to 10 Hz, followed by a gradual decrease with frequency. The spectrum contained several humps, which corresponded to the resonance frequencies of engine firing and rambling noise. The spectrum profile suggests that much of the noise energy is in the infrasound region and increases with car speed. The levels of infrasound and audible sound pressures in modern Hyundai cars were shown to be significantly lower than those in the equivalent cars of 1970 models due to the incorporation of new materials with improved structural design. PACS numbers: Dm, Lj Keywords: Low-frequency noise, Infrasound, Sound pressure level, Passenger car DOI: /jkps I. INTRODUCTION Recent development in car design incorporating with the use of advanced materials for structural components are making significant improvements in all aspects of performance, including noise quality. Aspinall [1] initiated the works on periodic noise of wind throb and rattling by traveling cars to understand the mechanism of such noise generation with a view of helping vehicle designers reduce the effects. He found that transportation noise includes airborne combustion sound and mechanical/aerodynamic noises of inaudible infrasound of 20 Hz and audible vibration and sound of between 20 Hz and 20 khz. The sound pressure level inside the car exceeded 120 db when the speed of the vehicle was varied. This is coupled to the interior of the car, which with an open window acts as the neck of a Helmholtz resonator [2]. Tempest and Bryan [3] extended the frequency range of the sound pressure level to the octave band over a frequency range of 2 Hz to 16 Hz to establish the levels of infrasound to which passengers and drivers are subjected in the passenger seat. The microphone recorded for a period of approximately 1 minute for a speed range from 64 jss@kriss.re.kr km/h upwards. Generally, the pattern of the spectrum reported indicates that a nearly flat spectrum for 2 32 Hz is followed by a progressive reduction in octave band levels at high frequencies [3, 4]. The infrasound is also thought to be a hazardous environmental issue. Extended exposure is known to have a physiological impact on the human body and psychological trauma via neurological interference, including medical disorders, such as nausea, haziness, disorientation, and potential internal organ damage as the amplitude is increased [5-9]. The 7-Hz infrasound is believed to have the most profound effects and is commonly associated with the resonant frequency of the body s organs. Since the early works in the 1970 s, further work available in the open literature is rare for some reason. However, the noise pollution arising form traffic systems has become a serious social problem with escalating increase in the number of cars and speed on the road. Recently, Onusic and Mizutani [10] reported an experimental work on the infrasound pressure levels in commercial vehicles and passenger cars. Microphones were positioned near the driver s ear, and acoustic data were obtained using a FFT with a constant and narrow bandwiths of mhz above 4 Hz. The sound pressure level (SPL) in the medium passenger cars of the Santana driven at 120
2 Journal of the Korean Physical Society, Vol. 55, No. 6, December 2009 Table 1. Classification of passenger cars. Car Model Engine capacity Fuel type Cylinder Kilometer (cc) (km) number run (km) Avante 1495 gasoline NF Sonata 1998 gasoline Santa Fe 1991 diesel Equus 3342 gasoline km/h showed a number of spectral humps of 85 db for frequencies 20 Hz, then decreased with increasing frequency with a sharp hump of 78 db at 38 Hz. The SPL increased more than 20 db for an open left window compared to a closed window while driving at 120 km/h. The present work is concerned with the interior noise spectra of infrasound and low-frequency noise in modern small passenger cars at various car speeds ranging from idling to motorway speeds under different road conditions. The noise spectra of modern cars are also compared with those published in the last decade to see the improvements made in noise reduction. II. EXPERIMENT The tested passenger cars of Korean Hyundai Co. are listed in Table 1 with their characteristics. They have automatic transmissions and spring coils. The road tests were carried out by varying driving speeds from 80 to 110 km/h and idling on flat asphalt and cement roads, and for ascending and descending slopes. The interior noise of cars was measured with a precision sound level meter (B&K 2231) with a low-frequency condenser microphone (B&K 4193) and was recorded on a digital recorder (Sony PC 208Ax) at the middle of the rear seats. The noise spectrum was analyzed with a spectrum analyzer (B&K 3550) for the narrow band and a real-time frequency analyzer (B&K 2144) for the 1/3-octave band spectrum over a frequency range from 1 to 250 Hz. III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The noise transferred to the car body and interior has the characteristics of engine type and mechanical vibration of rotating tire/road and of aerodynamic sources varying with capacity, car speed, and age of the car. Tire conditions, such as groove geometry and depth, and tire pressure are also important variables affecting the noise characteristics. 1. Noise Spectrum of Idling and Driven Cars Fig. 1. Noise spectra of an Avante driving at 100 km/h on a flat asphalt road with a constant engine speed of 2500 rpm: (a) narrowband SPL spectrum and (b) 1/3-octave band SPL spectrum. The narrowband SPL spectrum of the Avante at idle, engine speed 2500 rpm in neutral gear, is shown in Fig. 1(a). The SPL was fluctuating 43 db on average at frequencies < 15 Hz and decreased to 23 db at 100 Hz as the frequency increased with pronounced spectral peaks of 75 db at 22 Hz and 65 db at 43 Hz and 87 Hz. All these spectral humps are identified as resonant frequencies of the engine rpm because the first resonant frequency of the 4-cylinder engine for an engine speed of 2500 rpm is about 84 Hz and the first and the second sub harmonics of 42 and 21 Hz are well matched to the measured frequencies of 43 and 22 Hz in the narrow band spectrum at the idle condition. The 1/3 octave band SPL spectrum of the same Avante driving at 100 km/h on a smooth asphalt road in Fig. 1(b) is markedly different form that at idle with the same engine speed of 2500 rpm. A nearly flat SPL of 90 db for frequencies < 4 Hz of the infrasound region was followed by a gradual and smooth decrease to 65 db at 250 Hz. The spectral humps at 40 Hz and 80 Hz corresponding to the center frequencies of the 1/3-octave band spectrum of the running car in Fig. 1(b) are identified as the sub-harmonic and the first harmonic, respectively. The spectral humps
3 Spectrum of Infrasound and Low-frequency Noise in Passenger Cars Sung Soo Jung et al Fig. 2. 1/3 octave band spectra of an Avante tested on asphalt and cement roads: (a) running at 80 km/h and (b) at 110 km/h. at 22 Hz in the narrow band of the car at idle is close to the second sub-harmonic, but was not found in the 1/3-octave band spectrum of the driven car. The hump at 12.5 Hz in the 1/3-octave band is known to be due to the rambling noise or engine rotation unbalance. 2. 1/3 Octave Band Spectrum of Cars driving on Open Flat Asphalt and Cement Roads The 1/3 octave band sound pressure spectra inside an Avante driven on flat asphalt road at 80 km/h and 110 km/h are compared in Figs. 2(a) and (b), respectively. The physico-mechanical properties and asperity geometry in terms of height and spacing are known to be markedly different between asphalt and cement roads. A greater friction noise was induced on the tire/cement than on the tire/asphalt and is considered to be the main contribution to the higher SPL. The spectral humps at 40 Hz and 80 Hz correspond to the resonant harmonics, similar to those in Fig. 1(b), for the Avante running at 100 km/h. Fig. 3. 1/3 octave band interior noise spectra of cars running on an asphalt road: (a) Equus and (b) Santa Fe. 3. Noise Spectra of Modern and 1970 s Cars The 1/3 octave band sound pressure level spectra of the Equus (3342 cc, gasoline) and the Santa Fe (1991 cc, diesel) running at 80, 90, 100, and 110 km/h on a flat road are shown in Figs. 3(a) and (b). The sound pressure level of the Santa Fe (sports utility 4-wheel-drive vehicle) is higher than that of the Equus. The sound pressure level of the Santa Fe running at 110 km/h decreased from 96 to 89 db between 2 and 10 Hz, followed by a second hump at 80 Hz corresponding to the rpm resonance. The decrease in the sound pressure level with frequency was more gradual with a much reduced hump as the car s speed decreased. The interior sound pressure levels for frequencies < 95 db in the infrasound region we obtained from the Equus and the Santa Fe running at 100 km/h on a flat road in Fig. 3 are much less than the reported sound pressure levels of a 3-liter car and 2-liter wheeldrive utility vehicle of Tempest and Bryan in 1972 [3]. 4. Variation of Interior Sound Pressure Level with Car Speed
4 Journal of the Korean Physical Society, Vol. 55, No. 6, December 2009 Fig. 4. Changes in total sound pressure levels of infrasound of an Equus with increasing car running speed. Fig. 6. 1/3 octave band spectra of an Equus running at 100 km/h on flat, ascending, and descending roads. Fig. 5. 1/3 octave band spectra of an Equus running at 100 km/h on a flat asphalt open road and in a tunnel. Fig. 7. Sound pressure level of an Avante with different fuel types. The overall interior sound pressure levels in the infrasound region of the Equus running at speeds between 80 and 110 km/h are presented in Fig. 4. The noise levels in the infrasound frequency region of the Equus increased as the car speed increased. The sound energy (E) increases with the car speed (V) with index α, such that E(p 2 ) V α. The index α can be determined from Fig. 4, where α is found to be 5.8 for the Equus. 5. Noise Spectra for a Flat Road and a Tunnel The interior sound pressure level of the running Equus decreased in the tunnel from 99 db to 83 db at frequencies between 1 Hz and 6.3 Hz while that on the open flat asphalt road remained nearly steady at about 87 db on average, as in Fig. 5. The rapid increasing sound pressure level in the < 3 Hz region in the tunnel may be due to a tunnel resonance. The spectral humps of 87 db at 12.5 Hz both in the tunnel and on an open road are persistent characteristic humps observed in Hyundai cars running at 100 km/h, as shown in Fig Noise Spectra on Flat, Ascending, and Descending Slopes The 1/3 octave band spectra of Equus running at 100 km/h on a flat, ascending, and descending slopes of almost 4 degrees for asphalt roads are compared in Fig. 6. The spectral profiles are virtually similar with regard to the SPL and spectral humps. 7. Noise Spectra of Gasoline and LPG Engines The 1/3 octave band sound pressure spectra of an Avante (1495 cc) with gasoline and liquid propane gas (LPG) engines running at 100 km/h on an asphalt road are presented in Fig. 7. The same spectral patterns were observed with nearly the same SPL and resonant peaks
5 Spectrum of Infrasound and Low-frequency Noise in Passenger Cars Sung Soo Jung et al lower than Curve 1 except in the frequency ranges between 30 and 100 Hz, which may be a cause of complaint. This means that some passengers may have adverse feelings when they ride on cars. Curve 2 of the reference values, which was established in 2004 by Ministry of the Environment of Japan, was used to judge whether lowfrequency noise existed or not when complaints occurred [12]. Most measured noise levels were higher than Curve 2. Therefore, it is necessary to develop noise reduction methods in the low-frequency region. Fig. 8. 1/3 octave band spectra of Hyundai cars running at 100 km/h on an asphalt road. at 40 and 80 Hz, suggesting that the noise levels of the gasoline and the LPG engines are almost the same at the same car speed. 8. Sound Spectra of Various Cars of Hyundai The 1/3 octave band spectra of some typical Hyundai cars running at 100 km/h on an asphalt road are compared in Fig. 8. General spectral patterns of various Hyundai s cars are very similar, a nearly flat spectrum for 1 to 10 Hz, followed by a progressive decrease in the 1/3 octave band level with increasing frequency, regardless of engine capacity and mileage run. The smaller cars, the greater mileage runs, and rough roads are known to induce greater noise during running, and the sound pressure levels of small cars, such as Santa Fe (1991 cc, km) and Avante (1495 cc, km), are shown to be significantly higher than that of the larger Equus (3342 cc, km) in both inaudible and audible frequency ranges. In fact, the noise level of the small Santa Fe was the greatest among tested cars, suggesting that a diesel engine is much noisier than a gasoline or a LPG engine. It is also noticeable that the spectral hump at around 12.5 Hz appears persistently, regardless of car speed, and it is considered as one of the common features pertinent to Hyundai cars tested in the present work. IV. CONCLUSIONS The interior sound pressure levels of passenger cars of Hyundai that were standing idle and running at speeds of 80 to 110 km/h on flat asphalt and cement roads, including ascending and descending slopes, and tunnel roads were measured. Comparison of the narrow band noise spectrum of a car idling and the 1/3-octave band spectrum of the same car running at 100 km/h, but with the same engine speed, revealed that 1) An interior noise level of 45 db at infrasound and low frequencies of the car idling increased to 90 to 80 db for the car running at 100 km/h. The airborne rotating friction noise of tires/road may be the main source. 2) Humps at 80 and 40 Hz in the 1/3-octave band spectra of the running car corresponded to the first and the first sub-harmonics of the engine rpm resonances, respectively. There was virtually no difference in the spectral profiles between gasoline and diesel engines, ascending or descending slopes, and flat on sloping road. The interior infrasound level in the frequency range 10 Hz increased markedly with car speed, which can be a critical criterion for the assessment of ride quality. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This subject is supported by the Ministry of Environment of the Republic of Korea as The Eco-technopia 21 project. 9. Psychological Effects of Low-frequency Noise REFERENCES The psychological effects of low-frequency noise in the interior of a passenger car were invetigated by comparing the existing criteria values. Curve 1 in Fig. 8 is the Japanese psychological limiting values (oppressive and vibratory sensation and discomfort feeling) for infra- and low-frequency noise [11]. The low-frequency noise levels measured in the interior of Hyundai s passenger cars are [1] D. T. Aspinall, MIRA Report No (1996). [2] R. A. Hood and H. G. Leventhal, Acustica 25, 10 (1971). [3] W. Tempest and M. E. Bryan, Appl. Acoustics 5, 133 (1972). [4] M. J. Evans and W. Tempest, J. Sound Vib. 22, 19 (1972). [5] M. E. Bryan, Infrasound and low-frequency vibration (Academic Press, New York, 1976), p. 65.
6 Journal of the Korean Physical Society, Vol. 55, No. 6, December 2009 [6] H. E. Gierke and C. W. Nixon, Infrasound and lowfrequency vibration (Academic Press, New York, 1976), p [7] N. Broner, J. Sound Vib. 58, 483 (1978). [8] R. Guski, U. Felscher-Suhr, and R. Scheumer, J. Sound Vib. 223, 513 (1999). [9] H. G. Levanthall, Noise and Health 6, 59 (2004). [10] H. Onusic and V. S. Mizutani, J. Vehicle Design 37, 99 (2005). [11] H. Ochiai, Proceedings of Inter-noise 2001 (Hague, Netherland, 2001), p [12] K. Kamigawara, J-I. Yue, T. Saito, and T. Hirano, Proceedings of low-frequency noise 2004 (Maastricht, Netherland, 2004), p. 157.
Acoustic design of the air transparent soundproofing wall
PROCEEDINGS of the 22 nd International Congress on Acoustics Materials for Noise Control: Paper ICA2016-323 Acoustic design of the air transparent soundproofing wall Seong-Hyun Lee (a), Junghwan Kook (b),
More informationINTERIOR NOISE OF A KOREAN HIGH-SPEED TRAIN IN TUNNELS
INTERIOR NOISE OF A KOREAN HIGH-SPEED TRAIN IN TUNNELS Sunghoon Choi, Chan-Woo Lee, Jae-Chul Kim, and Joon-Ho Cho Noise and Vibration Research Group, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Woulam-dong, Uiwang-city,
More informationImprovements for reduction of the brake squeal noise at Seoul metro rolling stock on tracks
Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 23 (2009) 2206~2214 Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology www.springerlink.com/content/1738494x DOI 10.1007/s122060090518x Improvements for reduction
More informationReduction of vehicle noise at lower speeds due to a porous open-graded asphalt pavement
Reduction of vehicle noise at lower speeds due to a porous open-graded asphalt pavement Paul Donavan 1 1 Illingworth & Rodkin, Inc., USA ABSTRACT Vehicle noise measurements were made on an arterial roadway
More informationDefect Monitoring In Railway Wheel and Axle
IJR International Journal of Railway, pp. 1-5 The Korean Society for Railway Defect Monitoring In Railway Wheel and Axle Seok-Jin Kwon, Dong-Hyoung Lee *, and Won-Hee You * Abstract The railway system
More informationResearch and analysis of noise emitted by vehicles according to the type of surface roads and driving speed
European Journal of Environmental and Safety Sciences 2014 2(2): 71-78 ISSN 1339-472X European Science and Research Institute (Original Research Paper) Research and analysis of noise emitted by vehicles
More informationPerformance Analysis of Green Car using Virtual Integrated Development Environment
Performance Analysis of Green Car using Virtual Integrated Development Environment Nak-Tak Jeong, Su-Bin Choi, Choong-Min Jeong, Chao Ma, Jinhyun Park, Sung-Ho Hwang, Hyunsoo Kim and Myung-Won Suh Abstract
More informationExperimental NVH evaluation of a pure electric vehicle in transient operation modes
Experimental NVH evaluation of a pure electric vehicle in transient operation modes Rong Guo 1, Xiao-kang Wei 2, Jun Gao 3 Clean Energy Automotive Engineering Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, People
More informationDesign Strategy of a Piezoelectric Valve for a Color Sorter
Journal of the Korean Physical Society, Vol. 57, No. 4, October 2010, pp. 913 917 Design Strategy of a Piezoelectric Valve for a Color Sorter So-Nam Yun, Young-Bog Ham and Jung-Ho Park Environment and
More informationFigure 2 - Spreading function for the masking effect
Modified method to quantify diesel noise using masking effects Dongun YUN 1 ; Sang-Kwon LEE 2 ; Insoo JUNG 3 1 Inha University, Republic of Korea 2 Inha University, Republic of Korea 3 Hyundai motor group,
More informationA Study on the Measurement of Contact Force of Pantograph on High Speed Train
ICCAS005 June -5, KINTEX, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea A Study on the Measurement of Contact Force of Pantograph on High Speed Train Sung-Il Seo*, Yong-Hyun Cho**, Jin-Yong Mok***, Choon-Soo Park*** and Ki-Hwan
More informationThe complex analysis of tram noise in relation to changes in dynamic mobility of tram wheel
The complex analysis of tram noise in relation to changes in dynamic mobility of tram wheel Pawel KOMORSKI 1 ; Bartosz CZECHYRA 2 ; Tomasz NOWAKOWSKI 3 Poznan University of Technology, Poland ABSTRACT
More informationEffect of road surfaces on road traffic noise on the public roads of Japan. --An investigation based on tyre/road noise measurement--
Effect of road surfaces on road traffic noise on the public roads of Japan --An investigation based on tyre/road noise measurement-- Hiroshi Koike 1 ; Akiyoshi Ito 2 1,2 Japan Automobile Research Institute,
More informationAssessment of Tractor Noise Level during Tillage Operation with Rotavator
EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. III, Issue 4/ July 2015 ISSN 2286-4822 www.euacademic.org Impact Factor: 3.4546 (UIF) DRJI Value: 5.9 (B+) Assessment of Tractor Noise Level during Tillage Operation with
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF VIBRATION CONDITION MONITORING SYSTEM APPLYING OPTICAL SENSORS FOR GENERATOR WINDING INTEGRITY OF POWER UTILITIES
Advanced Materials Development and Performance (AMDP2011) International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series Vol. 6 (2012) 98-103 World Scientific Publishing Company DOI: 10.1142/S2010194512003005
More informationRIDE COMFORT EVALUATION FOR THE KOREAN EXPERIMENTAL HIGH-SPEED TRAIN. Young-Guk Kim, Sunghoon Choi, Seog-Won Kim, and Ki-Hwan Kim
ICSV14 Cairns Australia 9-12 July, 27 RIDE COMFORT EVALUATION FOR THE KOREAN EXPERIMENTAL HIGH-SPEED TRAIN Young-Guk Kim, Sunghoon Choi, Seog-Won Kim, and Ki-Hwan Kim Korea Railroad Research Institute,
More informationCharacteristics Analysis of Novel Outer Rotor Fan-type PMSM for Increasing Power Density
Journal of Magnetics 23(2), 247-252 (2018) ISSN (Print) 1226-1750 ISSN (Online) 2233-6656 https://doi.org/10.4283/jmag.2018.23.2.247 Characteristics Analysis of Novel Outer Rotor Fan-type PMSM for Increasing
More informationBriefing on Automotive NVH Technique
Briefing on Automotive NVH Technique APMP TCAUV Workshop The application of acoustics, vibration and ultrasound metrology in transportation industry Bangkok, Thailand Tsung-Hsien TU CMS/ITRI 2016/06/01
More informationAnalysis of Generator Stator Remaining Breakdown Voltage for Power Plant
American Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems 2016; 5(3): 22-27 http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/epes doi: 10.11648/j.epes.20160503.11 ISSN: 2326-912X (Print); ISSN: 2326-9200 (Online)
More informationSTUDY OF THE AERODYNAMIC NOISE CHARACTERISTICS OF BLUFF BODIES AS A PANTOGRAPH MEMBER
STUDY OF THE AERODYNAMIC NOISE CHARACTERISTICS OF BLUFF BODIES AS A PANTOGRAPH MEMBER PACS REFERENCE: 43.5.Lj IKEDA Mitsuru Railway Technical Research Institute -8-38, Hikari-cho, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo,
More informationCore Loss Effects on Electrical Steel Sheet of Wound Rotor Synchronous Motor for Integrated Starter Generator
Journal of Magnetics 20(2), 148-154 (2015) ISSN (Print) 1226-1750 ISSN (Online) 2233-6656 http://dx.doi.org/10.4283/jmag.2015.20.2.148 Core Loss Effects on Electrical Steel Sheet of Wound Rotor Synchronous
More informationKenta Furukawa, Qiyan Wang, Masakazu Yamashita *
Resources and Environment 2014, 4(4): 200-208 DOI: 10.5923/j.re.20140404.03 Assessment of the Introduction of Commercially Available Hybrid Automobiles - Comparison of the Costs of Driving Gasoline-fueled
More informationNoise Reduction of Accumulators for R410A Rotary Compressors
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Compressor Engineering Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2008 Noise Reduction of Accumulators for R410A Rotary Compressors Ling Li Guangdong Meizhi
More informationA Particulate Matter Sensor with Groove Electrode for Real-Time Diesel Engine On-Board Diagnostics
Journal of Sensor Science and Technology Vol. 22, No. 3 (2013) pp. 191-196 http://dx.doi.org/10.5369/jsst.2013.22.3.191 pissn 1225-5475/eISSN 2093-7563 A Particulate Matter Sensor with Groove Electrode
More informationTheoretical and Experimental Investigation of Compression Loads in Twin Screw Compressor
Purdue University Purdue e-pubs International Compressor Engineering Conference School of Mechanical Engineering 2004 Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Compression Loads in Twin Screw Compressor
More informationHi-pass Pink Noise: Its Acoustic Features and Standard Volume
, pp.229-236 http:// dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijmue.2013.8.6.23 Hi-pass Pink Noise: Its Acoustic Features and Standard Volume Doo-Heon Kyon 1, Won-Hee Lee 1, Myung-Sook Kim 2 and Myung-Jin Bae 1 1 Electronics
More informationLaboratory Alignment Procedure for Improving Reproducibility of Tyre Wet Grip Measurement
EVS28 Seoul, Korea, May 17-20, 2015 Laboratory Alignment Procedure for Improving Reproducibility of Tyre Wet Grip Measurement Kwangki Jeon 1*, Yongho Yoo 1, Jinwoo Lee 1, Dohyun Jung 1, Seolhee Lim 2,
More informationDevelopment of Pushrim-Activated Power-Assisted Wheelchair
Development of Pushrim-Activated Power-Assisted Wheelchair Yoon Heo, Ki-Tae Nam, Eung-Pyo Hong, Mu-Sung Mun Korea Orthopedics & Rehabilitation Engineering Center 26, Gyeongin-ro 10beon-gil, Bupyeong-gu,
More informationIntroduction to vehicle NVH and Acoustics
Introduction to vehicle NVH and Acoustics Realize innovation. Agenda Introduction to NVH Powertrain NVH analysis Interior vehicle NVH Exterior acoustics Conclusion Page 2 What is NVH? Noise Audible disturbance
More informationNUMERICAL STUDY OF TRANSFER FUNCTION OF COM- BUSTION NOISE ON A HEAVY DUTY DIESEL ENGINE
NUMERICAL STUDY OF TRANSFER FUNCTION OF COM- BUSTION NOISE ON A HEAVY DUTY DIESEL ENGINE Ibrahim Ciylez Ford OTOSAN A.Ş., Sancaktepe, Istanbul, Turkey email: iciylez@ford.com.tr Haluk Erol Istanbul Technical
More informationCAUSE ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC CRASHES BLACK SPOTS ON HIGHWAY LONG STEEP DOWNGRADES IN CHINA
CAUSE ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC CRASHES BLACK SPOTS ON HIGHWAY LONG STEEP DOWNGRADES IN CHINA JIAO Chengwu Research Institute of Highway (RIOH), MoT 8 Xitucheng Rd, Beijing, China E-mail: cw.jiao@rioh.cn HAO
More informationSpecial edition paper
Efforts for Greater Ride Comfort Koji Asano* Yasushi Kajitani* Aiming to improve of ride comfort, we have worked to overcome issues increasing Shinkansen speed including control of vertical and lateral
More informationREPEATABILITY OF CPX TYRE/ROAD NOISE MEASUREMENTS. Gillian Adams, Frits Kamst and Stephen Pugh ASK Consulting Engineers, Brisbane, Australia
ICSV14 Cairns Australia 9-12 July, 2007 REPEATABILITY OF CPX TYRE/ROAD NOISE MEASUREMENTS Gillian Adams, Frits Kamst and Stephen Pugh ASK Consulting Engineers, Brisbane, Australia frits@askce.com ABSTRACT
More informationPackaging Criterion for Mid-Size Sedan Based on Users Daily-Life Scenario
Industrial Engineering & Management Systems Vol 11, No 2, June 2012, pp.196-201 ISSN 1598-7248 EISSN 2234-6473 http://dx.doi.org/10.7232/iems.2012.11.2.196 2012 KIIE Packaging Criterion for Mid-Size Sedan
More informationAnalysis on the Noise Reduction of Engine with Air Intake Resonator in Engine Intake System
Analysis on the Noise Reduction of Engine with Air Intake Resonator in Engine Intake System ChangChun Xu 1 HaengMuk Cho* 2 1,2 Division of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Kongju National University
More informationImprovements of Existing Overhead Lines for 180km/h operation of the Tilting Train
Improvements of Existing Overhead Lines for 180km/h operation of the Tilting Train K. Lee, Y.H. Cho, Y. Park, S. Kwon Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang-City, Korea Abstract The purpose of this
More informationDesign and Analysis of Electromagnetic Tubular Linear Actuator for Higher Performance of Active Accelerate Pedal
Journal of Magnetics 14(4), 175-18 (9) DOI: 1.483/JMAG.9.14.4.175 Design and Analysis of Electromagnetic Tubular Linear Actuator for Higher Performance of Active Accelerate Pedal Jae-Yong Lee, Jin-Ho Kim-,
More informatione t Performance of Extended Inlet and Extended Outlet Tube on Single Expansion Chamber for Noise Reduction
e t International Journal on Emerging Technologies 7(1): 37-41(2016) ISSN No. (Print) : 0975-8364 ISSN No. (Online) : 2249-3255 Performance of Extended Inlet and Extended Outlet Tube on Single Expansion
More informationFAULT ANALYSIS IN GEARBOX USING VIBRATION TECHNIQUE
FAULT ANALYSIS IN GEARBOX USING VIBRATION TECHNIQUE Pratesh Jayaswal 1#,Sawan Arya 2#, Nidhi Gupta 3# #1Head of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Madhav Institute of Technology & Science, Gwalior,
More informationDevelopment of Noise-reducing Wheel
Introduction of new technologies Development of Noise-reducing Wheel Development of Noise-reducing Wheel Youichi KAMIYAMA* Hisamitsu TAKAGI* Katsushi ISHII* Mikio KASHIWAI** ABSTRACT Tire cavity noise
More informationinter.noise 2000 The 29th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering August 2000, Nice, FRANCE
Copyright SFA - InterNoise 2000 1 inter.noise 2000 The 29th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering 27-30 August 2000, Nice, FRANCE I-INCE Classification: 0.0 EFFECTS OF TRANSVERSE
More informationInterior Acoustics. Lecture delivered by: Kiran V. R. Asst. Prof. Dept. of AAE MSRSAS-Bangalore. M.S Ramaiah School of Advanced Studies - Bangalore
Interior Acoustics Lecture delivered by: Kiran V. R. Asst. Prof. Dept. of AAE MSRSAS-Bangalore Outline of the Presentation Introduction to acoustics Different noise sources Types of vehicle noise Human
More informationRotas Mobile: Vehicle noise measurements. Optimizing test stand to vehicle correlation
Rotas Mobile: Vehicle noise measurements + FFT Ordertracks Optimizing test stand to vehicle correlation 9/12/2003 1 Correlating vehicle and test stand data In the vehicle certain speeds and torques are
More informationOptimization Design of an Interior Permanent Magnet Motor for Electro Hydraulic Power Steering
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 9(14), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i14/91100, April 2016 ISSN (Print) : 0974-6846 ISSN (Online) : 0974-5645 Optimization Design of an Interior Permanent Magnet
More informationStudy on Mechanism of Impact Noise on Steering Gear While Turning Steering Wheel in Opposite Directions
Study on Mechanism of Impact Noise on Steering Gear While Turning Steering Wheel in Opposite Directions Jeong-Tae Kim 1 ; Jong Wha Lee 2 ; Sun Mok Lee 3 ; Taewhwi Lee 4 ; Woong-Gi Kim 5 1 Hyundai Mobis,
More informationREDUCTION OF SEAT VIBRATION IN AN ATV THROUGH DESIGN MODIFICATION
REDUCTION OF SEAT VIBRATION IN AN ATV THROUGH DESIGN MODIFICATION 1 C. LAKSHMIKANTHAN, 2 DISHEED MULLANGATH, 3 NITIN KUMAR S, 4 SUBBU DHEIVARAYAN S, 5 GOUTHAMAN S 1 Assistant Professor, 2,3,4,5 Student,
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. Procedia Engineering 137 (2016 ) GITSS2015
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 137 (2016 ) 244 251 GITSS2015 Simulation Analysis of Double Road Train Adaptability of Highway in China Hao Zhang a,b,*, Hong-wei
More informationPassive Vibration Reduction with Silicone Springs and Dynamic Absorber
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Physics Procedia 19 (2011 ) 431 435 International Conference on Optics in Precision Engineering and Nanotechnology 2011 Passive Vibration Reduction with Silicone
More informationHigh-Voltage Terminal Test of Test Stand. for 1-MV Electrostatic Accelerator
High-Voltage Terminal Test of Test Stand for 1-MV Electrostatic Accelerator Sae-Hoon Park 1,2, Yu-Seok Kim 2 1 KOMAC, Korea Multipurpose Accelerator Complex, Gyenogju 780-904 2 Department of Energy & Environment
More informationDynamic characteristics of railway concrete sleepers using impact excitation techniques and model analysis
Dynamic characteristics of railway concrete sleepers using impact excitation techniques and model analysis Akira Aikawa *, Fumihiro Urakawa *, Kazuhisa Abe **, Akira Namura * * Railway Technical Research
More informationSPECTROSCOPIC DIAGNOSTIC OF TRANSIENT PLASMA PRODUCED BY A SPARK PLUG *
SPECTROSCOPIC DIAGNOSTIC OF TRANSIENT PLASMA PRODUCED BY A SPARK PLUG B. HNATIUC 1, S. PELLERIN 2, E. HNATIUC 1, R. BURLICA 1, N. CERQUEIRA 2, D. ASTANEI 1 1 Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Technical
More informationThe Effects of Chamber Temperature and Pressure on a GDI Spray Characteristics in a Constant Volume Chamber
한국동력기계공학회지제18권제6호 pp. 186-192 2014년 12월 (ISSN 1226-7813) Journal of the Korean Society for Power System Engineering http://dx.doi.org/10.9726/kspse.2014.18.6.186 Vol. 18, No. 6, pp. 186-192, December 2014
More informationSmart Power Management System for Leisure-ship
Journal of Navigation and Port Research International Edition Vol.35, No.9 pp. 749~753, 2011 (ISSN-1598-5725) DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.5394/kinpr.2011.35.9.749 Smart Power Management System for Leisure-ship
More information2. Test and Analysis Method
Indian Journal of Science and Technology, Vol 8(21), DOI: 10.17485/ijst/2015/v8i21/79077, September 2015 ISSN (Print) : 0974-6846 ISSN (Online) : 0974-5645 Flow Analysis on Formation of Back-pressure in
More informationStress Peening of Minibloc-Springs, the most Sophisticated Coil Springs
Stress Peening of Minibloc-Springs, the most Sophisticated Coil Springs E. Müller 1, O. Benning 1. B. Rhönisch 2, A. Yapi 1 1 Bochum University of Applied Sciences, Lennershofstr. 14, 4481 Bochum, Germany
More informationSpecial edition paper
Countermeasures of Noise Reduction for Shinkansen Electric-Current Collecting System and Lower Parts of Cars Kaoru Murata*, Toshikazu Sato* and Koichi Sasaki* Shinkansen noise can be broadly classified
More informationADVANCES in NATURAL and APPLIED SCIENCES
ADVANCES in NATURAL and APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN: 1995-0772 Published BYAENSI Publication EISSN: 1998-1090 http://www.aensiweb.com/anas 2017 April 11(4): pages 544-550 Open Access Journal Analysis Of Sliding
More informationVIBRATION, NOISE AND RIDE QUALITY
VIBRATION, NOISE AND RIDE QUALITY 1 Introduction 2 Road Traffic Noise Degree of throttle openness New Result Full-throttle acceleration under current test method New test method Moderate acceleration
More informationThe Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Narrow Vein and Reef 2008 P Marcotte, S Ouellette, G LeBlanc, J Boutin, B Quesnel and R Oddo
DEVELOPMENT OF AN ANTIVIBRATION HANDLE FOR PNEUMATIC JACKLEG ROCK DRILLS Pierre Marcotte (1), Sylvain Ouellette (2), Gilles LeBlanc (2), Jérôme Boutin (1), Bill Quesnel (3), Rémy Oddo (4) (1) Institut
More informationCondition Monitoring of a Check Valve for Nuclear Power Plants by Means of Acoustic Emission Technique
Transactions of the 17 th International Conference on Structural Mechanics in Reactor Technology (SMiRT 17) Prague, Czech Republic, August 17 22, 2003 Paper # O03-3 Condition Monitoring of a Check Valve
More informationA Study on the Contact Force between Catenary and Pantograph in Duplicate KTX-II Operation
IJR International Journal of Railway Vol. 6, No. 1 / March 2013, pp. 1-6 A Study on the Contact Force between Catenary and Pantograph in Duplicate KTX-II Operation Seung-Wook Kang*, Sang-Ahm Kim* and In-Chol
More informationinter.noise 2000 The 29th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering August 2000, Nice, FRANCE
Copyright SFA - InterNoise 2000 1 inter.noise 2000 The 29th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering 27-30 August 2000, Nice, FRANCE I-INCE Classification: 5.3 THE COUNTERMEASURE
More informationCorresponding Author, Dept. of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, Kongju National University, South Korea
International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering IJMME-IJENS Vol:15 No:04 62 A Study on Enhancing the Efficiency of 3-Way Valve in the Fuel Cell Thermal Management System Il Sun Hwang 1 and
More informationThe effect of grinding and grooving on the noise generation of Portland Cement Concrete pavement
The effect of grinding and grooving on the noise generation of Portland Cement Concrete pavement T. Wulf, T. Dare and R. Bernhard Purdue Univ., 140 Martin Jischke Dr., Herrick Lab., West Lafayette, IN
More informationA Study on the Efficiency of Tapered Roller Bearings
A Study on the Efficiency of Tapered Roller Bearings IN WOOK LEE*, DAE YONG LEE*, HEE CHEOL KIM**, KWANG HYUN KIM***, and CHUL KI SONG**** *R&D center, Schaffler Korea, Changwon, Gyeongnam,Korea ** Yongdong
More informationSTUDY OF FEASIBILITY OF PLASTIC GEAR TO REDUCE NOISE IN A GEAR PUMP
http://dx.doi.org/10.14743/apem01..137 Advances in Production Engineering & Management 7 (01), 143-149 ISSN 1854-650 Scientific paper STUDY OF FEASIBILITY OF PLASTIC GEAR TO REDUCE NOISE IN A GEAR PUMP
More information1614. Dynamic experiment of active accelerator pedal system with a coreless tubular electromagnetic linear actuator
1614. Dynamic experiment of active accelerator pedal system with a coreless tubular electromagnetic linear actuator Jae Yong Lee 1, Ki Bum Lee 2, Jin Ho Kim 3 1 Korea Textile Machinery Research Institute,
More informationAnalysis on Steering Gain and Vehicle Handling Performance with Variable Gear-ratio Steering System(VGS)
Seoul 2000 FISITA World Automotive Congress June 12-15, 2000, Seoul, Korea F2000G349 Analysis on Steering Gain and Vehicle Handling Performance with Variable Gear-ratio Steering System(VGS) Masato Abe
More informationAIR QUALITY DETERIORATION IN TEHRAN DUE TO MOTORCYCLES
Iran. J. Environ. Health. Sci. Eng., 25, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 145-152 AIR QUALITY DETERIORATION IN TEHRAN DUE TO MOTORCYCLES * 1 M. Shafiepour and 2 H. Kamalan * 1 Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran,
More informationExperimental Study on 3-Way Catalysts in Automobile
, pp.44-48 http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2016.130.10 Experimental Study on 3-Way Catalysts in Automobile S. W. Lee 1, Jongmin Kim 2, Doo-Sung Baik 3 1, 2 Graduate School of Automotive Engineering, Kookmin
More informationNoise Emissions At the Chicago Fuller Car Wash
Specialists in Hearing and Acoustics 12172 Route 47 - #218, Huntley, Illinois 60142 Tom Thunder, AuD, FAAA, INCE Principal Office: 847-359-1068 Fax: 847-359-1207 Greg Andorka, BSEE - Senior Field Engineer
More information2292. Numerical computation of aerodynamic noises of the high speed train with considering pantographs
2292. Numerical computation of aerodynamic noises of the high speed train with considering pantographs Ya-hui Wang 1, Jian-ting Wang 2, Liu-qiang Fu 3 North China University of Water Resources and Electric
More informationJournal of Advanced Mechanical Design, Systems, and Manufacturing
Pneumatic Valve Operated by Multiplex Pneumatic Transmission * Yasutaka NISHIOKA **, Koichi SUZUMORI **, Takefumi KANDA ** and Shuichi WAKIMOTO ** **Department of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama
More informationACTIVE NOISE CONTROL EXPERIMENTS IN A FORK-LIFT TRUCK CABIN
Abstract ACTIVE NOISE CONTROL EXPERIMENTS IN A FORK-LIFT TRUCK CABIN L. Andrén, S. Johansson, M. Winberg and I. Claesson Department of Signal Processing Blekinge Institute of Technology SE-37 5 Ronneby,
More informationRoad vehicle noise reduction by low noise road surfaces in Japan
Road vehicle noise reduction by low noise road surfaces in Japan 1 Integrated noise reduction measures Road vehicle running noise Road vehicle Tyre Pavement Traffic management Integrated Measures Road
More informationMARINE FOUR-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE CRANKSHAFT MAIN BEARING OIL FILM LUBRICATION CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS
POLISH MARITIME RESEARCH Special Issue 2018 S2 (98) 2018 Vol. 25; pp. 30-34 10.2478/pomr-2018-0070 MARINE FOUR-STROKE DIESEL ENGINE CRANKSHAFT MAIN BEARING OIL FILM LUBRICATION CHARACTERISTIC ANALYSIS
More informationNCHRP Project 1-44: Measuring Tire-Pavement Noise at the Source APPENDIX C. Results of Test Parameter Evaluation
NCHRP Project 1-44: Measuring Tire-Pavement Noise at the Source APPENDIX C Results of Test Parameter Evaluation Introduction As a portion of the overall research work, an examination of test variables
More informationRemarkable CO 2 Reduction of the Fixed Point Fishing Plug-in Hybrid Boat
Journal of Asian Electric Vehicles, Volume 13, Number 1, June 215 Remarkable CO 2 Reduction of the Fixed Point Fishing Plug-in Hybrid Boat Shigeyuki Minami 1, Kazusumi Tsukuda 2, Kazuto Koizumi 3, and
More informationEnhance the Performance of Heat Exchanger with Twisted Tape Insert: A Review
Enhance the Performance of Heat Exchanger with Twisted Tape Insert: A Review M.J.Patel 1, K.S.Parmar 2, Umang R. Soni 3 1,2. M.E. Student, department of mechanical engineering, SPIT,Basna, Gujarat, India,
More informationSuppression of chatter vibration of boring tools using impact dampers
International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture 40 (2000) 1141 1156 Suppression of chatter vibration of boring tools using impact dampers Satoshi Ema a,*, Etsuo Marui b a Faculty of Education, Gifu
More informationINVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS AND HEART RATE VARIABILITY BY ROAD DRIVING TEST
INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PAVEMENT ROUGHNESS AND HEART RATE VARIABILITY BY ROAD DRIVING TEST Jinxi Zhang Professor of Key Laboratory of Traffic Engineering, Beijing University of Technology,
More informationinter.noise 2000 The 29th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering August 2000, Nice, FRANCE
Copyright SFA - InterNoise 2000 1 inter.noise 2000 The 29th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering 27-30 August 2000, Nice, FRANCE I-INCE Classification: 1.3 CURVE SQUEAL OF
More informationBeyond the Specifications: Best Practices for OBSI Measurement
Beyond the Specifications: Best Practices for OBSI Measurement Dana M. Lodico, PE Lodico Acoustics LLC TRB 89 th Annual Meeting Washington D.C. January 10, 2010 Topics Results of OBSI parameter testing
More informationSafety and Fatigue Risk Factors among Online Motorcycle Drivers in Depok City, Indonesia
International Conference of Occupational Health and Safety (ICOHS-2017) Volume 2018 Conference Paper Safety and Fatigue Risk Factors among Online Motorcycle Drivers in Depok City, Indonesia Tiara Nurhafizhah,
More informationPassenger Vehicle Interior Noise Reduction by Laminated Side Glass. Abstract
The 22 International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering Dearborn, MI, USA. August 19-21, 22 Passenger Vehicle Interior Noise Reduction by Laminated Side Glass Jun Lu Solutia Inc. 73 Worcester
More informationIn-use Vehicle Data Collection in Korea for WLTP/DHC
WLTP-DHC-05-07 In-use Vehicle Data Collection in Korea for WLTP/DHC 14 th Oct. 2010 Transportation Pollution Research Center National Institute of Environmental Research Ministry of Environment, Republic
More informationRailway Noise Reduction Technology Using a Damping Material
Railway Noise Reduction Technology Using a Damping Material Günther Koller 1, M.T. Kalivoda 2, Martin Jaksch 2, Martin Muncke 3, Takashi Oguchi 4, and Yoshifumi Matsuda 4 1 koocoo technology & consulting
More informationInvestigation of Benzene and Diesel Economizers Performance
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) e-issn: 2278-1684,p-ISSN: 2320-334X, Volume 14, Issue 5 Ver. II (Sep. - Oct. 2017), PP 26-31 www.iosrjournals.org Investigation of Benzene and
More informationISSN: SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF PASSIVE SUSPENSION SYSTEM FOR DIFFERENT ROAD PROFILES WITH VARIABLE DAMPING AND STIFFNESS PARAMETERS S.
Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences www.jchps.com ISSN: 974-2115 SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF PASSIVE SUSPENSION SYSTEM FOR DIFFERENT ROAD PROFILES WITH VARIABLE DAMPING AND STIFFNESS PARAMETERS
More informationSilencers. Transmission and Insertion Loss
Silencers Practical silencers are complex devices, which operate reducing pressure oscillations before they reach the atmosphere, producing the minimum possible loss of engine performance. However they
More informationAbstract. 1. Introduction. 1.1 object. Road safety data: collection and analysis for target setting and monitoring performances and progress
Road Traffic Accident Involvement Rate by Accident and Violation Records: New Methodology for Driver Education Based on Integrated Road Traffic Accident Database Yasushi Nishida National Research Institute
More informationInterim report on noise in F2C, October 2010 Rob Metkemeijer
1 Interim report on noise in F2C, October 2010 Rob Metkemeijer 1. Introduction. At the 2010 CIAM plenary it was decided that in 2010 a strategy for noise control in F2C team race will be prepared, aiming
More informationEnergy Saving and Emission Reduction Estimations of Electrified Railways in China
ADVANCES IN CLIMATE CHANGE RESEARCH 2(4): 211 217, 2011 www.climatechange.cn DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1248.2011.00211 ARTICLE Energy Saving and Emission Reduction Estimations of Electrified Railways in China
More informationVehicle noise functional performance indicators using tire sound intensity
Vehicle noise functional performance indicators using tire sound intensity Paul Donavan 1 ; Carrie Janello 2 1,2 Illingworth & Rodkin, Inc., USA ABSTRACT Tire noise plays an important role in the noise
More informationLoad Analysis and Multi Body Dynamics Analysis of Connecting Rod in Single Cylinder 4 Stroke Engine
IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development Vol. 3, Issue 08, 2015 ISSN (online): 2321-0613 Load Analysis and Multi Body Dynamics Analysis of Connecting Rod in Single Cylinder 4
More informationPreliminary vibration testing and analysis for automotive electronic control units
S. Jovanovic et alii, 9 th YSESM, Trieste, Italy, July 7-9, 2010; ISBN 978-88-95940-30-4 Preliminary vibration testing and analysis for automotive electronic control units S. Jovanovic, M. Milovanovic,
More informationThe Experimental Study of the Plateau Performance of the F6L913 Diesel Engine
Sensors & Transducers 2013 by IFSA http://www.sensorsportal.com The Experimental Study of the Plateau Performance of the F6L913 Diesel Engine 1 Weiming Zhang, 2 Jiang Li 1, 2 Dept. of Petroleum Supply
More informationNoise and vibration due to rotor eccentricity in a HDD spindle system
DOI 10.1007/s00542-014-2139-2 Technical Paper Noise and vibration due to rotor eccentricity in a HDD spindle system Sangjin Sung Gunhee Jang Kyungjin Kang Received: 7 October 2013 / Accepted: 8 March 2014
More informationParameters Matching and Simulation on a Hybrid Power System for Electric Bulldozer Hong Wang 1, Qiang Song 2,, Feng-Chun SUN 3 and Pu Zeng 4
2nd International Conference on Electronic & Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology (EMEIT-2012) Parameters Matching and Simulation on a Hybrid Power System for Electric Bulldozer Hong Wang
More informationDetection of Fault in Gear Box System using Vibration Analysis Method
Research Article International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology E-ISSN 2277 4106, P-ISSN 2347-5161 2014 INPRESSCO, All Rights Reserved Available at http://inpressco.com/category/ijcet Detection
More information