Official calculation method to be used, when new railway lines, tram lines and shunting yards are to be built or renewed

Transcription

1 - Basics Official calculation method to be used, when new railway lines, tram lines and shunting yards are to be built or renewed Steering comitee: Ministry of transport Project - management: DB Systemtechnik Working group 1: Emission Working group 2: Immission, noise propagation Working group 3: Tramways Working group 4: Shunting yards About 10 experts in each working group Draft of Schall was published on The calculation method is to be introduced by an official act of the federal government

2 - basics Data collection of measurements of about trains by Kurze (MBBM) Measurement of aerodynamic and equipment emission (Barsikow) Calculations on the basis of sound power level in the octav band Reference velocity 100 km/h Number of wheel sets / wagon Minimum velocity of 70 km/h (to compensate special noise sources in stations, e.g. brake squeal

3 - Sound Emission

4 - Sound Emission for Calculation L W ' A, f, h, m, Fz nq v Fz = a + Δa + 10lg db + b lg db + c + K A, h, m, Fz f, h, m, Fz f, h, m f, h, m n v Q,0 0 a A h, m, Fz Δ n Q, A-weighted sum sound level of kthe m/length-related sound power at the reference speed v = 0 h100 on a sleeper track with an average condition of the rail surface, in db, a f, h, m, Fz n Q,0 b f h, m v Fz v 0, Speed factor, c f h, m Level difference in the octave band f in db, Number of sound sources of the vehicle unit, Reference number of sound sources of the vehicle unit, Speed, Reference speed, v = km/h, Level corrections for type of track and rail surface, K Level corrections for bridges and nuisance of noises;

5 - Sound Emission type of vehicles type of vehicle type of source partial sources high-speed traction unit rolling noise rail roughness high-speed coach aerodynamic noise wheel roughness high-speed train-set equipment noise structurborne sound of tank waggons high-speed tilting tech. propulsion noise pantograph rapid transit train set grills of cooling systems diesel trainset bogies electric locomotive ventilators diesel locomotive exhaust gas system passenger coach engine freight wagon low - floor tram high - floor tram metro

6 - Sound Emission data-sheet high-speed train Type of vehicle 1: high-speed traction unit (n Achs,0 = 4) (ICE 1) column A B C D E F G H I J K L row 1 rolling noise 2 rail roughness 1 3 wheel roughness 2 4? partial noise m f m [Hz] a A [db] Δa f [db] Δa f [db] aerodynamic noise? 6 source height 5 m 5 Δa f [db] source height 4 m 6 Δa f [db] source height 0 m 7 Δa f [db] ? 10 equipement noise? 11 source height 4 m 8 Δa f [db] source height 0 m 9 Δa f [db] ? 14 propulsion noise? Δa f [db]

7 - Sound Emission data-sheet freight train Fz-Kategorie 10: Güterwagen ( nachs,0 = 4) Spalte A B C D E F G H I J K L Teilquelle Zeile m f m [Hz] a A [db] 1 Rollgeräusche 2 Radsätze mit Grauguss-Klotzbremse (GG-Bremse) 3 Schienenrauheit 1 a f [db] Radrauheit 2 a f [db] Radsätze mit Kunststoff-Klotzbremse (K-Bremse) 6 Schienenrauheit 1 a f [db] Radrauheit 2 a f [db] Radsätze mit Wellenscheibenbremse 9 Schienenrauheit 1 a f [db] Radrauheit 2 a f [db] Radsätze mit Radscheibenbremse (nur RoLa) 12 Schienenrauheit 1 a f [db] Radrauheit 2 a f [db] Quellhöhe 4 m 15 Aufbauten von Kesselwagen mit GG-Bremse 16 Schienenrauheit 3 a f [db] Radrauheit 4 a f [db] Aufbauten von Kesselwagen mit K-Bremse 19 Schienenrauheit 3 a f [db] Radrauheit 4 a f [db] Aufbauten von Kesselwagen mit Wellenscheibenb. 22 Schienenrauheit 3 a f [db] Radrauheit 4 a f [db] Aerodynamische Geräusche 26 Quellhöhe 0 m 7 a f [db]

8 - speed factor b column A B C row source partial source m velocity factor b in the octave band, Hz rolling noise 1, 2, 3, aerodynamic noise 5, 6, equipment noise 8, propulsion noise 10, 11 20

9 - correction for track Spalte A B C Zeile parameter corrections c1 in db in the octavband, Hz slab track increased radiation of rail reflection on slab track slab track increased with radiation of rail absorbent 4 reflection on cover slab track railway increased rail crossing roughness reflection on slab track

10 - correction for rail grinding column A B row parameter level correction c2 in db in the octave band, Hz acoustical rail grinding (büg)

11 - correction for bridges column A B C row bridges and tracks K Br K LM db db 1 steel bridges with direct bedded rails steel bridges with ballasted track steel - bridges with slab track or special steel bridges with ballasted track bridges with slab track 4 - K Br = Correction for bridges K LM = Correction for noise mitigation measure on bridges

12 - Sound Emission default values for trains

13 - Sound Emission from Measurement Introduction of emission data from measurements Separation of sound emission caused by rail roughness and wheel roughness other noise sources have to be considered - using the emission data already known, - by measurements behind shieldings, - by measurements using unidirectional microphones or - by measurements in wind tunnels

14 - Sound Emission from Measurement Sound power level of rolling noise caused by wheel roughness using pass-by measurements according to ISO 3095: a A,2, Fz + Δa f,2, Fz = L EA, f, Fz b f,2 lg v v 0 db + 10lg 2π d d 0 db 36 db lg 1 h, m 10 0,1( L WA, f, h, m, Fz L EA, f, Fz ) v v 0 b f, m d0 2π d 44 db Coefficients for sound power level according to Schall Measured sound exposure level according ISO 3095 Subtraction of other noise sources (aerodynamic noise, propulsion noise, equipement noise) Correction of train speed, measurement distance and measurements time intervall

15 - Sound Emission from Measurement Estimation of the emission due to rail roughness Spalte A B C Zeile Surface of rail energetic component to the total emission difference to th wheel roughness 1 Very smooth 0 % -20 db 2 smooth, limits of TSI-HS] 20 % -7 db 3 smooth, limits of DIN EN ISO % -4 db

16 - Sound Emission from Measurement Corrections for calculation of average operating conditions depending on the measurement conditions Spalte A B C D Zeile 1 measuring point, mean value for different vehicles in db 3 measuring points, mean value for different vehicles in db 1 measuring point (e.g. TSI) and mean value fort he same vehicles in db 1 vehicles with disc brakes 2 vehicles with composite brakes 3 vehicles with block brakes

17 - Sound Emission Results of calculations Emissions of train types noise level at 25 m distance LpAeq in db(a) train speed v [km/h] ICE 1 ICE 3 ICE T IC NV S-Bahn Gz

18 Examples of noise mitigation SCHALL ) Effect of brakes 2.) Effect of rail - grinding 3.) Combined effect of brakes and rail grinding 4.) Effect of tracks 5.) Combined effect of tracks and rail grinding 4.) Effect of noise barriers

19 Effect of brakes and rail grinding noise level at 25 m distance L paeq [db(a)] Goods Goods trains, trains cast cast iron iron brake brake Goods trains, cast iron brake, rail grinding Goods trains, comp. brake Goods trains, comp.brake, rail grinding ICE ICE 1, 1, disk brake ICE ICE 1, 1,disk brake rail rail grinding train speed v [km/h]

20 Effect of tracks noise level at 25 m distance L paeq [db(a)] ICE 1, ballasted track ICE 1, ballasted ballested track, railgrinding ICE 1, slab track ICE 1 slab track with absorber ICE 1 slab track with rail grinding ICE 1 slab track with absorbers and rail grinding train speed v [km/h]

21 Procedure of Introduction of Innovations Types of vehicles Components of vehicles Components of railroad shunting yards or container terminals Types of tracks Bridges Maintenance methods of tracks and wheels Railway specific sound insulations Quality control of software; using DIN with test cases for calculation

22 Procedure of Introduction of Innovations Application Certification of acoustic improvements Control by authorised institution Certificate Publication

23 The model is based on octave band sound power level for 3 hights, soundpropagation follows ISO 9613 The model takes into account different noise mitigation measures, for example rail grinding, brakes, tracks and the superposition of this effects The Schall includes a procedure for introducing innovations in the calculation process Quality control of software; using DIN with test cases for calculation