Session IV ESMAP Approach and Pilot Overview

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1 Session IV ESMAP Approach and Pilot Overview ESCBS Knowledge Exchange Workshop 04 September 2017 LUTP The World Bank

2 Why Focus on Bus Fuel Efficiency? Fuel is the largest cost item Typically 35-45% of operating/maintenance cost Cost changes can dramatically affect budgets Fuel prices can be volatile Growing world demand may mean higher prices World supply can be affected by political events The World Bank 2

3 What Are the Major Benefits? Immediate cost savings Operation of more service within same budget Lower fare levels than might be needed Lower government support than might be needed Long term sustainability Cannot control prices, but can manage consumption Improved air quality Reduction in air pollutants (e.g., PMx and NOx) and Green House Gas (GHG) emissions The World Bank 3

4 ESMAP: Supporting Efforts to Maximize Fuel Economy What is ESMAP? Energy Sector Management Assistance Program Technical assistance trust fund Administered by the World Bank Mission Increase know how and technical capacity to achieve environmentally sustainable energy solutions for poverty reduction and economic growth The World Bank 4

5 Key Fuel Consumption Factors Fixed Long Term Route characteristics Running speed, number of stops, hills Bus characteristics Engine size, bus size, transmission Operations Short Term Bus maintenance Engine, transmission, tires Drivers Acceleration, braking, shifting ESMAP practical approach: Focus attention on operations factors! The World Bank 5

6 Typical Barriers at Bus Companies Maintenance philosophies miss opportunities Focus on bus availability, not fuel efficiency Good periodic maintenance maximizes fuel economy Payoff of targeting poor performers not recognized Quality, detailed consumption data not collected Not sufficient to identify three problem areas Buses, drivers, mechanics Analysis capabilities limited Do not consider bus, route differences when identifying low fuel economy buses, drivers The World Bank 6

7 ESMAP Technical Approach Target Low Performers 5% drivers with lowest relative fuel economy 10% buses with lowest relative fuel economy Apply Protocols Classroom, onroad driver training Tier 1 and 2 bus maintenance protocols Local personnel apply approach with support from World Bank The World Bank 7

8 ESMAP Approach Used at APSRTC (Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation) % improvement (4.09 to 5.16) % reduction in FY 2015 consumption (110 million liters) The World Bank 8

9 Targeting Approach Address External Factors Affecting KMPL Route operated Number stops/km Traffic congestion Terrain (hilly/flat) Bus type Engine horsepower Transmission type, Physical size Rank buses, drivers using relative KMPL Compare individual bus (driver) KMPL to average KMPL for its route/bus type average The World Bank 9

10 Maintenance Protocols Application Steps 1. Record daily fuel consumption by bus 2. Identify 10% buses with lowest KMPL differences 3. Apply Tier 1 checks 4. Apply Tier 2 checks to buses with 3% improvement after Tier 1 The World Bank 10

11 Example Bus Targeting Calculation (Step 1) Average KMPL (Step 2) Route/Bus Type Average (KMPL) (Step 3) Relative Fuel Economy (KMPL) Bus Route Bus Type KM Liters ,435 1, ,689 1, ,325 1, Average ,449 3, ,897 1, ,478 1, ,690 1, Average ,065 4, ,890 1, ,550 1, ,724 1, Average ,164 3, Rank (1= Lowest) Use ranking to select buses Ranking The World Bank 11

12 Tier 1 Checks 19 simple checks Performed at an operating depot Do not require inspection pit or hoist Performed by junior/mid-level mechanics Efficient use of work force 1 mechanic/1 helper team can check 3 buses in 8-hour work shift The World Bank 12

13 Tier 2 Checks 19 in-depth checks Performed at equipped depot or outside facility Requires inspection pit or hoist Performed by senior mechanics Efficient use of work force 1 mechanic/1 helper team can check 1 bus in 8- hour work shift Applied to buses with 3% KMPL improvement after Tier 1 checks applied The World Bank 13

Classroom Training Motivational training on important driver role Key to improving fuel efficiency, company profitability Training focus on fuel

14 Classroom Training Motivational training on important driver role Key to improving fuel efficiency, company profitability Training focus on fuel efficiency tips Not how to drive Technical driving techniques Starting Shifting, acceleration Anticipation About ½ day in length The World Bank 14

On-the-Road Training Driver training Entire class taken on bus for 2-3 hours Bus driven on actual bus route Trainer first demonstrates proper driving

15 On-the-Road Training Driver training Entire class taken on bus for 2-3 hours Bus driven on actual bus route Trainer first demonstrates proper driving techniques Each driver given chance to try techniques KMPL calculated end of training trip Generally higher than company average Often > 1 KMPL! The World Bank 15

16 Follow-up Monitoring Driver Name: Driver ID No. Bus Number: Route Number: Date: KMPL of Driver during previous month (प छऱ मह न क द र न च ऱक क KMPL) (for eg. Since monitoring will be done in January 2014, KMPL of driver to be put December (उद हरण क सऱए: MONITORING जनवर 2014 म कर ग, त च ऱक क दद बर 2013 क KMPL क उल ऱ ख कर ) BUS STARTING PROCESS Description On Route Driver Performance Monitoring - CHECKLIST Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Yes (ह ) / No (नह ) Yes (ह ) / No (नह ) Yes (ह ) / No (नह ) Did the driver check BEFORE STARTING THE IGNITION whether the pressure in both the "AIR METERS" are correct? 1 इग ननशन श र करन स ऩहऱ क य च ऱक न द न "एयर म टर" म दब व सह ह य नह इसक ज च क? Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Did the driver keep the FEET ON THE FOOT REST NEAR ACCELERATOR? 2 च ऱक ACCELERATOR क ऩ स footrest ऩर ऩ र रख थ? Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Did the driver start the bus in "IDLING" condition without pressing the accelerator? 3 Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Yes (ह ) No (नह ) च ऱक एक स ऱ टर दब न क बबन IDLING CONDITION म बस श र कर ददय? Monitoring of GEAR AND ACCELERATOR usage: Did the driver set the bus in motion using FIRST GEAR WITHOUT ACCELERATOR? 4 Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Yes (ह ) No (नह ) क य च ऱक न बबन ACCELERATOR दब य ऩहऱ गगयर म बस क गत म ऱ कर आय? Did the driver use SECOND GEAR for driving upto a speed of 20kmph and keep the ACCELERATOR at 1/4th position? 5 Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Yes (ह ) No (नह ) क य ड र इवर न 20kmph क रफ र क ड र इवव ग क लऱए द सर गगयर क उऩय ग ककय और ¼ ग थथत ऩर ACCELERATOR रख थ? Did the driver use THIRD GEAR for driving upto a speed of 30kmph and keep the ACCELERATOR at 1/2 position? 6 Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Yes (ह ) क य ड र इवर न 30kmph क रफ र क ड र इवव ग क लऱए सर गगयर क उऩय ग ककय और ½ ग थथत ऩर ACCELERATOR रख थ? No (नह ) Did the driver use FOURTH GEAR for driving upto a speed of 40kmph and keep the ACCELERATOR at 3/4 position? 7 Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Yes (ह ) No (नह ) क य ड र इवर न 40kmph क रफ र क ड र इवव ग क लऱए च थ गगयर क उऩय ग ककय और ¾ ग थथत ऩर ACCELERATOR रख थ? Did the driver use FIFTH GEAR for driving at TOP SPEED and keep the ACCELERATOR in FULL position? 8 Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Yes (ह ) No (नह ) क य ड र इवर न TOP SPEED ऩर ड र इवव ग क लऱए ऩ चव गगयर क उऩय ग ककय और ACCELERATOR क ऩ र दब रह थ? Depending upon road or traffic condition, did the driver use the POWERPOINT POSITION on the ACCELERATOR when driving at maximum speed? 9 Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Yes (ह ) No (नह ) सड क य य य क ग थथत ऩर तनर भर, क य ड र इवर न अगधक म गत स ग ड चऱ एक स ऱ टर ऩर ऩ वरऩ इ ट ग थथत क उऩय ग ककय थ? Did the driver use his / her TOES for PRESSING THE ACCELERATOR? 10 Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Yes (ह ) क य ड र इवर न ACCELERATOR दब न क लऱए ऩ र क उ गलऱय क उऩय ग ककय? 11 Did the driver REMOVE THE FEET FROM THE ACCELERATOR 100 meters BEFORE the stoppage point such as bus stops, traffic signals etc. and for slowing down at speed breakers and turnings? क य ड र इवर न STOPPAGE POINT, ज स बस थट ऩ, SIGNAL इत य द, स 100 म टर ऩहऱ थ गत - र धक अथव म ड ऩर बस क गत क ध म करन क लऱए ACCELERATOR स ऩ र हट य? Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Did the driver DRIVE WITHOUT PRESSURE AND WITH CONCENTRATION? 12 Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Yes (ह ) No (नह ) दब व क बबन और एक ग र क स थ ड र इवर न ड र इव ककय थ? KMPL Achieved (KMPL ह स ऱ क ): -> Additional Comments of Trainer (ट र नर क अततररक त द प णणय ): No (नह ) Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Yes (ह ) No (नह ) Weekly checks made for 3 weeks after training The World Bank 16 Signature of Trainer : Signature of Driver: Name of the Trainer: Name of the Driver:

17 FEAT Tool Developed for Analysis Cleans input data Checks for bad data Calculates relative/ absolute fuel efficiency Drivers, buses, routes Simple program Uses Excel data input The World Bank 17

18 First India Pilot ( ) Demonstrate at one depot in 4 cities Different operating environments BHOPAL MIRA BHAYANDAR CHANDIGARH JAIPUR The World Bank 18

supporting partners Chennai: Petroleum Conservation Research

19 Second India Pilot (2016) Chennai Jaipur Demonstrate at one depot in each city A different depot in Jaipur from first pilot New supporting partners Chennai: Petroleum Conservation Research Association (PCRA) Jaipur: Safety Circle Private Limited (SCPL) The World Bank 19

20 Driver Second Pilot Results Driver Training Second Pilot Results Month Drivers % Change KMPL of Training Trained Analyzed Average Maximum Round 1 Chennai Jan % 71.1% Jaipur Jan % 34.5% Round 2 Chennai Mar % 10.3% Jaipur Apr Average results varied About 13% Low -7% to high 25% Higher than first pilot (4%); previous ESMAP 6%-8% Maximum results > 10% Low 10%, high 71% Shows potential gains The World Bank 20 20

21 Why Varied Results? Changing behavior takes time! True for all depots in two pilots Learning curve for trainers Chennai: Experienced trainer, new material Varied follow-up monitoring Absence of driver incentives The World Bank 21 21

22 Bus Maintenance Pilot Results % Change KMPL Number Month Before/After Month(s) of Tier Applied of Tier (1/2) Maintenance 1 2 Buses Average Maximum Chennai January 2016 X Round 1 X % 64.8% Jaipur January 2016 X X % 32.3% Round 2 Chennai March 2016 X X % 44.0% Jaipur April 2016 X X Average improvement = 11% Lower than first pilot (20%) Maximum results > 30% Chennai applied Tier 2 checks to all buses The World Bank 22 Bus Maintenance Second Pilot Results 22

23 Data Management Data Recording Data Validation Data Analysis Good Fair Fueling data routinely recorded in all cities in both pilots Data error-checking Not part of existing procedures Limited analysis performed Query data, Perform special analyses The World Bank 23

24 Data Analysis Skills Analysts need special program to conduct pilot analyses Use FEAT or develop in-house MIS module The World Bank 24

25 Senior Management Commitment Key Piece in Success Puzzle Success depends on senior managers! Consistent with prior pilot, ESMAP findings/principles True for any introduction of new procedures, analysis The World Bank 25

Putting the Pilot Pieces Together Results Frequency Technical Lessons Management Improvement opportunities exist all environments Conduct driver,

26 Putting the Pilot Pieces Together Results Frequency Technical Lessons Management Improvement opportunities exist all environments Conduct driver, maintenance protocols every 2-4 months Special analysis program needed Data validation is important Success depends on senior management support The World Bank 26

27 Thank You! N. S. Srinivas Brian McCollom The World Bank 27

Improving Fuel Economy

Operational and Maintenance Approach for Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Improving Fuel Economy in City Bus Transport Supplementary Guidance Note Public Disclosure Authorized