HYPERLOOP HAULING SYSTEM: A NOVEL WAY OF TRANSPORTION

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1 HYPERLOOP HAULING SYSTEM: A NOVEL WAY OF TRANSPORTION AJAY S. DEORE 1, AASHISH S. MEDHE 2, SAKSHI R. CHANDWADKAR 3, RAJENDRA S. NARKHEDE 4, ANIL V. KOKATE 5 AND B.S.DHANDE 6 1,2,3,4,5,6 Department Of Civil Engineering, MET Bhujbal Knowledge City (Polytechnic), Nashik, India Abstract- There are 4 conventional ways of transport namely Road, Air, Water & Rail. But these modes of transportation are either slow or expensive or both slow and expensive. Hyperloop is the newest mode of transportation which is the solution for reaching any place fast and in an economical way than other means of transport. It uses a capsule like vehicle for the transportation of both people and goods. It passes through a near vacuum tube at a speed more than that of a airline. The pods accelerate gradually using a linear electric motor. It glides about the track using air bearings or passive magnetic levitation. A low pressure tube with capsules is designed for the transportation at both low and high speed though out the length of tunnel. Cushion of air supports the capsules. It features pressurised air and aerodynamic lift. The entry and exist of passengers in hyperloop may be at the stations located at the ends of the tube or branches along the tube length. Hyperloop can change the transportation, road congestion and minimize the carbon footprint globally. With the help of hyperloop extremely fast, inexpensive intercity travel would be widely accessible. If both people and goods are able to move quickly and comparatively at a cheaper rate, a logical outcome would be the rapid growth in the city. Keywords- Hyperloop, Vacuum Tube, Passive Magnetic Levitation, Propels, Capsules, Air Bearings. I. PROBLEM DESCIPTION We all know that there are four conventional modes of transportation. First is road and water which is relatively slower another is rail which is relatively slow as well as expensive and next is air which is too expensive. Road travel has particular problem and that is carbon emission and the fluctuating price of oil. The environment endangers of the energy consumption, the situation continues to worsen the public transport in the urban areas will be crucial in the years to come. Development of high speed rail has historically delayed by the difficulties caused due to the management of friction and air resistance both which becomes important to overcome when vehicles approaches at high speed. Rail travels offers the most environment friendly and is a relatively energy efficient option but is too slow and expensive to be adopted massively. At a distance less than 900 miles supersonic travel is unfeasible, as the most of the journey would be spend in acceleration and deceleration. This issues mentions about the hyperloop to make a cost efficient high speed transportation system for the use at a moderate distance. The hyperloop tubes could be provided with the solar panels on a roof making it a clean and self powering system. II. INTRODUCTION Hyperloop is a completely new mode of transportation which has proven to be fastest yet economical. Hyperloop was firstly proposed by Elon Musk and a team of engineers from Tesla Motors and Space Exploration Tech. Corporation in August Concept of hyperloop includes the travelling of people from one place to another in a capsule propelling at a very high speed. We can also call Hyperloop as solar powered transportation system and its a an alternative for high speed train (bullet train). So basically hyperloop is a magnetically levitated train which run inside a long tube or pipe. The tube is a low pressured tube with the capsule that transport at both low and high speed. It includes 28passengers pods and is driven by linear induction motor and compressor. DOI: /IJMTER BAH6I 89

2 For the purpose of proportion, magnetic accelerators are planted along the length of tubes, which helps in propelling the pods forward. The tube would create a low pressure environment which surrounds the with a cushion of air that allows a pod to travel safely at such a high speed like a puck glides over a air hockey table. The pressure built up in the front of the pod due to the tight quarters in the tube could be a problem. A system is provided to keep the air building up in this way. Musk s design recommended an air compressor on the front of the pod which will help in moving the air from the front to the tail keeping it overhead and preventing the pressure built up due to the displacement of air. A one way trip in hyper loop is projected to take only about 35 minutes (Comparatively, the same distance would take about 6 hours if travelled by a car.) The passengers may enter or exit hyperloop at stations ocated at the ends of tube or branches along the tube length. III. LITRATURE SURVEY The design of hyperloop capsule with linear induction was discussed by Ahmed Hodaib, Samar F. Abdal Fattah (May 2016). The agenda of discussion was to propulsion system which is used to decelerate and accelerates the capsule. The motors run on three phase power like rotary synchronous motor, linear motors and supported with very high speed as they studied. The motors thrust speed was reduce by the end effects. Linear The normal rotary motors for any required force output where as linear induction motor are the less energy efficient as compare to normal rotary motors. Manufacturing of linear induction motor in these paper was also discussed.[1] Mark Sakowski (2016) discussed the current maglev technology along with the theoretical evacuated tube technology and they concluded that the hyperloop is feasible and if properly designed, has the potential to be much more efficient in terms of energy usage of pods traversing down the tube.[2] N. Kayela (2014) investigated the hyperloop in a 5 th mode of transport. He discussed about the railway track for the hyperloop align with the stations. He also discussed the two version of capsule one passenger plus vehicle version and other passenger only version. [3] Mohammed Imran (2014), He discussed about the two version of the hyperloop one is passenger only and other is passenger plus vehicle version. He focused his study element on the hyperloop technology (The passenger transport system). [4] Jeffrey C. Chin, Justin S. Gray, Scott M. Jones, Jeffrey J. Berton, They discussed about the Open-Source Conceptual Sizing Models for the Hyperloop Passenger Pod in this paper. They concluded that the refined analysis illuminates several interdisciplinary couplings that alter two major aspects of the initial concept. First, the pod travel speed and the tube cross sectional area are linked, forcing the tube size to be to be roughly twice the diameter of the original specification, in order for the pod to reach Mach 0.8. Second, the steady-state tube temperature is dominated by ambient thermal interactions unrelated to the heat generated by the pod compression system.[5] IV. BASIC PRINCIPAL OF HYRELOOP Hyperloop is based on principle of magnetic levitation. The principal of magnetic levitation is that the vehicle can be suspended and propelled on a guided track which is made by the help of magnet. The vehicle on the top of the track may be propelled with the help of linear induction motor. Figure.-1.shows operation principle of All rights Reserved 90

3 V. CONSTRUCTION 5.1 TUBE Tube is made up of steel. There are 2 tubes which are welded side to side in order to allow the movement of the capsules in both the directions. The tube will be supported by pillars. There will be solar panels provided on a top of the tubes for the purpose of generation of power in the system. Figure.-2. Shows the construction of the tube for hyperloop technology. 5.2 CAPSULES The capsule can carry 28 passengers in one time and it sends them at a very high speed and it is levitated by a high pressure air cushion. The design of the capsule is aerodynamic in nature. There are two version of capsule that are being considered at the moment: 1. A passenger only version Figure.-3.Show arrangement of capsule for hyperloop technology 2. A passenger plus vehicle version. 5.3 COMPRESSOR The capsule has a compressor fitted in the front side of it. It helps in supplying the air to the air bearings that are responsible for supporting the weight of the capsule. The compressor allows the capsule to traverse the low pressure tube without choking the air flow that travels between tube walls and capsule. Figure.-4. Shows a typical view of compressor used for hyperloop All rights Reserved 91

4 5.4 SUSPENSION A very low drag and stability is offered by air bearing suspension at a very feasible rate. A stiff air bearing suspension is perfect for reliability and safety. When a gap between ski and tube wall is high then it shows a non-linear reaction and which results in restoration of a large pressure. Figure.-5: shows a Schematic of air bearing skis that support the capsule 5.5 PROPULSION A Linear Induction Motor is used to accelerate and decelerate the hyperloop system. It presents some advantages over a permanent magnet motor. To accelerate the capsules there are linear accelerators constructed on a length of the tube. To transfer momentum to the capsules via the linear accelerators, Stators are placed on the capsule. Figure.-6: Propulsion VI. WORKING OF HYPERLOOP SYSTEM Figure-7: shows a typical view of Working of hyperloop system Working of the hyperloop system is based on magnetic levitation principle. As we know that the passenger pad travel through low pressure tube which is a pylon-supported tube. An air compressor fan is fitted on front side of pod which sucks the air in the hyperloop system. It transfer high pressure air from the front side to the rear side of capsule (pod) and it propels the pod. It creates an air cushion around the pod, so that the pod is suspended in air within the tube. The pod will be propelled by the linear induction motor on the foundation of magnetic levitation principle. By the linear induction motor the capsule can be send from one place to another place at a subsonic velocity that is slower than the speed of All rights Reserved 92

5 The capsule will be self-powered. There will be solar panel fitted on the top of the tube. By these solar panels there will be enough energy stored in the battery packs to operate at night and in cloudy weather for some period. The energy will also be stored in the form of compressed air. The air between the capsules will act as a cushion to prevent two capsules from colliding within the tube. Figure-8: Air through bypass tunnel In the above figure it is shown that the air through the compressor is send into a bypass nozzle that is present at the rear end of the capsule. If the capsule covers too much area of the tube then, the air doesn t flows around the capsule and ultimately the entire column of air in the tube is being pushed ahead of the capsule and because of this there is friction between the air and tube walls that increases tremendously. Therefore in order to avoid this problem a compressor is fitted at the front of the capsule through which the air flows which will not flow around the capsule and send it to the bypass nozzle directly. VII. COST OF HYPERLOOP The total cost of hyperloop passenger only version is as follows: Figure 7: Hyperloop Cost And another version i.e. passenger plus vehicle version is estimated to be $7.5 billion USD. VIII. MERITS AND DEMERITS OF HYPERLOOP TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM 8.1 VIRTUES 1. It saves the time of travelling. 2. Problem of traffic is completely vanished. 3. It is Self-Powered system. 4. It is an eco-friendly system as it solar energy as main All rights Reserved 93

6 5. It can travel in any kind of weather. 6. Cost of hyperloop is low. 7. Not troublesome to those along the route. 8. More convenient. 9. Resistant to earthquake. 8.2 DEMERITS 1. Turning at the turns will be critical. 2. A lesser amount of movable space will be available for passenger. 3. High pace of the hyperloop might cause giddiness in some passenger. 4. Punctured tunnel could cause shockwaves. IX. CONCLUSION 1. A high speed transportation system known as Hyperloop has been reviewed in this report. 2. Hyperloop transportation system can be used over the usual modes of transportation that are rail, road, water and air. 3. At very high pace it provides better comfort and is cheap too. 4. By dropping the pressure of air in the tube it results in reduction of air drag and allows the capsule to move quicker than through a tube at atmospheric pressure. X. FUTURE SCOPE This is a new technology and hence it welcomes further development for inventors. Improve the passenger capacity. Detailed station designs with loading and unloading of passenger Safety features improvement. It can be used in material handling devices. REFERENCES [1] Ahmed Hodaib, Samar, et al, international journal of mechanical, aerospace, industrial, mechatronics and manufacturing engineering Vol:10 No:5, (May 2016) [2] Paper by Mark Sakowski, The Next Contender in High Speed Transport Elon Musks Hyperloop, 2016 [3] N. Kayela, editor of scientific and technical department, Hyperloop: A Fifth Mode of Transportation, 2014 [4] Mohammed Imran, international journal of engineering research, 2016 [5] Chin, Jeffrey C.; Gray, Justin S.; Jones, Scott M.; Breton, Jeffrey J. (January 2015). Open-Source Conceptual Sizing Models for the Hyperloop Passenger Pod (PDF). 56th AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. January 5 9, Kissimmee, Florida. doi: / [6] Musk, Elon (August 12, 2013). "Hyperloop Alpha"(PDF). SpaceX. Retrieved August 13, [7] A. Kantrowitz, Proceeding of International Conference of lasers 87 F. J. Duarte, Ed. (STS Press, Mc Lean, VA, 1988). [8] Hyperloop One. Hyperloop One. Retrieved November 25, All rights Reserved 94