Managing End of Life Batteries

Transcription

1 Managing End of Life Batteries Todd Coy EVP Kinsbursky Brothers and Toxco Environmental Health & Safety International Communications Conference Santa Rosa, CA September th, 2012

2 Facilities and Processes

3 Background expanding on existing processing and business model(s) Longstanding history of battery recycling at Kinsbursky Brothers, (1970 s) Large Format Industrial Batteries, including Telecommunication Batteries. Combined Facilities in: o o Anaheim, CA Trail, British Columbia Canada Manages Over 80 M Pounds of Batteries per Year o Lancaster and Baltimore Ohio Toxco (1996) - Processor of High Energy Lithium Battery Systems. Primary Lithium Batteries Secondary Lithium Batteries

4 Other Battery Recycling Activities Lithium Battery Recycling Ni Cad Recycling

5 Battery Management Lead Acid Batteries Batteries subject to Subject to different USEPA regulations requirements based on May be managed under activity: Universal Waste Rule Part 273 Part 266 Subpart G Exempted from manifest requirements Broken batteries are typically managed as waste Leaked acid or debris clean up, could be waste Storage Transportation Reclamation Export

6 Battery System Chemistries Flooded Pb Cells Durathon Battery: Sodium Metal Halide Chemistry VRLA Batteries Sealed Lead Acid Chemistry

7 Prevent e Hydrogen Build up/thermal Runaway Battery rooms should be well ventilated Ambient temperature Controls 77 F Recommended Hydrogen Alarms Maybe Inspection system Monitoring and maintenance Cell Balance Voltage Temperature

8 Battery Room Response Management Lead Acid Batteries Maintain a hazmat spill response Labels/Markings kit at lead-acid battery storage area for leaks: Onsite container for placing clean up debris Acid resistant gloves (Butyl Rubber) A supply of polyethylene plastic bags (six millimeter or thicker, and sized to contain the largest battery expected for storage). Rags or disposable wipes (for acid leak clean-up) Other appropriate personal protection: Safety Glasses Tyvek or other appropriate PPE Boots Posted response procedures and notification call list should be available Appropriate absorbent (for spill clean-up) Don t forget to train ER staff!!!

9 Battery Management - What could Happen?

10 Battery Management Lead Acid Batteries Batteries subject to DOT s main issue: USDOT regulations Batteries must be Hazmat table in 49 CFR prepared and packaged in a manner to prevent a Batteries, wet UN 2794 dangerous evolution of Batteries, wet heat. Terminals Insulated nonspillable UN 2800 Packaging must be All caps and plugs must compliant with 49 CFR be inserted in battery and a vents. Zero tolerance

11 Battery Management Lead Acid Batteries Nonspillable batteries may Batteries wet are not subject be excepted from HMR if: to requirements if: Securely packaged in strong No other hazmat is outer packaging transported on vehicle Marked as NonSpillable Batteries must be braced to Batteries are subject to prevent damage/short circuits incident reporting Other materials must be Fire blocked and braced to prevent Violent rupture contact with batteries Explosion Transport vehicle may not Etc carry material shipped dby any other person, other than battery shipper.

12 Battery Management Lead Acid Batteries Secured and proper packaging Secured and proper packaging reduces transportation risk.

13 Battery Management Lead Acid Batteries

14 Superfund It is still there. CERCLA 1980 Simply Stated, A Federal Government's Program to Locate, Investigate and Remediate Contaminated Sites Has Broad Authority to Seek out PRP s (Potentially Responsible Parties) Over 1,000 sites on the National Priority List

15 Superfund Recycling Equity Act November 1999 Exempts Certain Persons Who Arrange for recycling of Recyclable Materials recyclable material means scrap paper, or spent lead-acid, spent nickel-cadmium, and other spent batteries... Scrap Suppliers must Exercise Reasonable Care The Recycling Facility Must be In Compliance The Supplier Must be in Compliance with Regulations Applicable to: Storage Transportation Management All of the following conditions must be met for the scrap company to take advantage of the exemption: (1) the recyclable material met a commercial specification grade; (2) a market existed for the recyclable material; (3) a substantial portion of the recyclable material was made available for use as a feedstock for the manufacture of a new saleable product; and (4) the recyclable material could have been a replacement or substitute for virgin raw material, or the product to be made from the recyclable material could have been a replacement or substitute for a product made, in whole or in part, from a virgin or raw material

16 Lithium Battery Universe Diverse and High Energy

17 Lithium Batteries - Growing Market Production of lithium-battery cells grew from 625 million in 2000 to 4.4 billion in 2010, according to Gov report Total is expected to almost double by 2020, reaching about 8 billion. About half of lithium batteries are shipped on U.S. Registered aircraft, Source : Freighter Airplane Cargo Risk Model September 2011 DOT/FAA

18 Lithium Ion Battery Handling - Lithium Ion batteries may be a hazardous waste under USEPA. Lithium Ion batteries are (most likely) regulated as a California waste. Lithium Ion batteries are regulated as hazmat per USDOT Lithium Ion batteries may be shipped under the following proper DOT descriptions: o Lithium battery 9, UN 3090 PG II o Lithium ion battery UN 3480

19 Lithium Ion (and all others) All batteries are subject to the requirements of HMR. Batteries exhibit 2 types of hazards o Chemicals or other materials in the battery o The electrical lpotential of the battery

20 Batteries = Electrical Devices 49 CFR Catch all (c) Electrical devices, such as batteries and battery-powered devices, which are likely to create sparks or generate a dangerous evolution of heat, unless packaged in a manner which precludes such an occurrence

21 Lithium Battery Handling 49 CFR (d) Cells and batteries, for disposal or recycling. A lithium cell or battery offered for transportation or transported by motor vehicle to a permitted storage facility, disposal site or for purposes of recycling is excepted from the specification packaging requirements of paragraph (a)(4) of this section and the requirements of paragraphs (a)(1) and (a)(6) of this section when protected against short circuits and packed in a strong outer packaging conforming to the requirements of and a.

22 Lithium Ion Battery Handling - Strong outer packaging means the outermost enclosure that provides protection against the unintentional release of its contents. It is a packaging that is sturdy, durable, and constructed so that it will retain its contents under normal conditions of transportation. In addition, a strong outer packaging must meet the general packaging requirements of subpart B of part 173 of this subchapter but need not comply with the specification packaging requirements in part 178 of the subchapter. For transport t by aircraft, a strong outer packaging is subject to of this subchapter. The terms strong outside container and strong outside packaging g are synonymous y with strong outer packaging. g

23 Lithium Ion 18650

24 DOT/FAA Flammability Assessment - LiIon Single Cell.

25 UPS Cargo Plane: Dubai 2010

26 Lithium - Packaging

27 Battery Service Programs The Big Green Box Small Package Program. All Battery Chemistries, including lithium Meets Packing group II Meets Packing group II Specifications

28 Battery Recycling Facility What to look for? Permit Status o o Level of permitting RCRA Permits Facility Compliance History o Minimum 5 years Insurance Levels Assurance o Closure Funding Employee Training Biological Monitoring Facility Inspections Cleanliness Ati Active Mi Maintenance Programs Check With State Regulators

29 Battery Recycling Facility Arranging Shipments Facilities have differing i requirements. Examples : o o o Material Profile To be submitted prior to receipt Identify battery chemistry Quantity Purchase Order Pricing Delivery Appt. o Compliant packaging

30 Battery Safety Lithium Storage Trail, BC Canada Dedicated d Fire Suppression Supply Lines Specially Designed Concrete Explosion Proof Bunkers Alarmed Automated Suppression System

31 All Battery Handling Main Take Away Batteries MUST be insulated to prevent short circuits or generation of heat o o Can use tape Baggies o Other effective means Batteries must be packaged in sound containers and strong outer packages, that can withstand the conditions of transportation Batteries should be sent to facilities that t have sound technical abilities, environmentally compliant with good management practices.

32 Contact Todd Coy Kinsbursky Brothers 125 E Commercial St Anaheim, CA tcoy@kinsbursky.com k Tel Mr. Paul Johnson Dir. Environmental Affairs 125 E. Commercial Anaheim, CA pjohnson@kinsbursky.com