12th June 2018 Frankfurt

Transcription

1 Eidgenössisches Departement für Umwelt, Verkehr, Energie und Kommunikation UVEK Health and Safety in the Supply Chain of Chemicals, Lithium batteries: Development of transport regulations, 12th June th June 2018 Frankfurt Dr. David Manuel Gilabert Tel /

2 Overview 1. Regulations that govern the transport of Lithium and Lithium ion cells and batteries 2. Classification of Lithium cells and batteries 3. Prescriptions and Exemptions Health and Safety in the Supply Chain of Chemicals, Lithium batteries: Development of transport regulations, 12th June

3 1. Regulations that govern the transport of Lithium and Lithium ion cells and batteries Health and Safety in the Supply Chain of Chemicals, Lithium batteries: Development of transport regulations, 12th June

4 UN Model egulations Recomendations Regulations that govern the transport of Lithium and Lithium ion cells and batteries Manual of Tests and Criteria Health and Safety in the Supply Chain of Chemicals, Lithium batteries: Development of transport regulations, 12th June

5 2. Classification of Lithium cells and batteries Health and Safety in the Supply Chain of Chemicals, Lithium batteries: Development of transport regulations, 12th June

6 Overview of the question Analysis of the potential for harm Listing of credible possible causes or conditions for harm Definition of appropriate tests for safe cells and batteries Prescriptions Health and Safety in the Supply Chain of Chemicals, Lithium batteries: Development of transport regulations, 12th June

7 Classification of the lithium cells and batteries - Beginning of the restrictions 7 July 1999 US Department of Transport published an Advisory Guidance (page of Volume 64, July 7 of the US Federal Register) In May, 1994, while being delivered to a handling agent by road, a shipment of small lithium batteries destined for Gatwick airport in London, England, was found emitting smoke from a Unit Loading Device. In July of 1999 in Edmonton, Canada, in March, 1999 in Los Angeles involving a large number of new lithium cells. After handling abuse and a passage of hours a fire broke out. Dubai, 3.09,2010 Gargo Aircraft Cargo Aircraft Philadelpha 2006 Health and Safety in the Supply Chain of Chemicals, Lithium batteries: Development of transport regulations, 12th June

8 191 incidents involving lithium or unknown battery types recorded by the FAA Office of Security and Hazardous Materials Safety until Health and Safety in the Supply Chain of Chemicals, Lithium batteries: Development of transport regulations, 12th June

9 Analysis of dangers of Lithium cells and batteries Cell components are very toxic: Thinyl chlorid decomposes with water SOCl 2 + H 2 O 2 HCl + SO 2 Sulfury choride decomposes with water 2 H 2 O + SO 2 Cl 2 2 HCl + H 2 SO 4 Oxidating agents : Lithium perchlorate LiClO 4 Heat production Release of dangerous substances Directly (Li, lithium ion, flammable or corrive electrolyte) or As sub-product of combustion (H 2, corrosive vapours) 4 Li + O 2 2 Li 2 O 4 Li + 2 H 2 O + O 2 4 LiOH Li 2 CO 3 Health and Safety in the Supply Chain of Chemicals, Lithium batteries: Development of transport regulations, 12th June

10 Classification of the lithium cells and batteries Classe 9, Packing Group II Packing instructions: type approved packagings Health and Safety in the Supply Chain of Chemicals, Lithium batteries: Development of transport regulations, 12th June

11 What does Class 9 mean? UNSCETDG devised tests and criteria to determine which substances could be indendified as dangerous goods (DG) in transport DG are assigned Criteria: Class 1 Explosives Class 2 Gases Class 3 Flammable Liquids Class 4 Flammable solids; substances liable to spontaneous combustion; substances which, on contact with water, emit flammable gases Class 5 Oxidizing substances and organic peroxides Class 6 Toxic and Infectious substances Class 7 Radioactive material Class 8 Corrosive substances Class 9 Miscellaneous dangerous substances and articles, including environmentally hazardous substances the type of containment to be used the chemical and physical characteristics of the substances and response procedures that would be most appropriate in the event of an accidental release to 9 classes Health and Safety in the Supply Chain of Chemicals, Lithium batteries: Development of transport regulations, 12th June

12 Classification of the lithium cells and batteries - Beginning of the restrictions Beginning of 21th end of the grandfather clause and development of specific tests for small and bigger LiB o End of the 20 th Experts agree on the need to develop new specific tests for bigger LiB in the Manual of Tests and Criteria o Small LiB were carried safely under grandfather clause during the 20 th century the new test adapted also for small LiB should avoid to forbid their transport What are the UN tests of the Manual of Test and Criteria Health and Safety in the Supply Chain of Chemicals, Lithium batteries: Development of transport regulations, 12th June

13 3. Prescriptions and Exemptions Health and Safety in the Supply Chain of Chemicals, Lithium batteries: Development of transport regulations, 12th June

14 SP 188 for new Li-B (a) Contents of 1g Li/ 20 Wh exception from the provisions for packages Exception from marking requirements for lithium button (d) Separation to prevent short-circuits and packed in strong packagings Packed in inner packaging that enclose cell and battery. Protection against conductive materials and (e) in equipment specific provisions (f) Except Each package for packages shall be of marked button cells with in the equipment appropriate and lithium of equipment battery mark, with no as more illustrated than 4 in cells or no ; more than 2 batteries: (i) Each package shall be marked with "lithium metal" or "lithium ion" (ii) This Document requirement indicating: does not apply to: that packages (i) contain Packages lithium containing batteries only and button cell batteries installed in equipment that special procedures (including should circuit be boards); followed and by damage of the package and a telephone (ii) number Packages containing no more than four cells or two batteries installed in (iii) In Addition package equipment, and document where (g) there shall are contain: not more Indication than two that packages the package in the shall be handled with care and consignment flammability hazard by damage, inspection and repacking if necessary g) h) Each package is capable of withstanding a 1.2 m drop test applicable as from to Li cells and batteries SP188 (f), Not applicable for button cells in equipment nor for packages with > 4 or 2 batteries in equipment and 2 packages per consignment Packages 30 kg 14 Health and Safety in the Supply Chain of Chemicals, Lithium batteries: Development of transport regulations, 12th June 2018

15 SP 188 for new Li-B (a) Contents of 1g Li/ 20 Wh exception from the provisions for packages Exception from marking requirements for lithium button (d) Separation to prevent short-circuits and packed in strong packagings Packed in inner packaging that enclose cell and battery. Protection against conductive materials and (e) in equipment specific provisions applicable as from to Li cells and batteries SP188 (f), Not applicable for button cells in equipment nor for packages with > 4 or 2 batteries in equipment and 2 packages per consignment Packages 30 kg 15 Health and Safety in the Supply Chain of Chemicals, Lithium batteries: Development of transport regulations, 12th June 2018

16 Bigger Li-B According P903 and LP903 in design typed packagings For Li-B 12 in strong outer packagings or pallets or other handling devices Marking: UN Number and mark Nr. 9A according to Mark Nr. 9A Marking for Li-B UN 3090, 3091, 3480 und 3481, but for Placards according to corresponding to Mark Nr. 9 Document following ADR UN 3090 LITHIUM METAL BATTERIES, 9, (E), or UN 3480 LITHIUM ION BATTERIES, 9, (E) Health and Safety in the Supply Chain of Chemicals, Lithium batteries: Development of transport regulations, 12th June

17 P903 PACKING INSTRUCTION This instruction applies to UN Nos. 3090, 3091, 3480 and The following packagings are authorized provided that the general provisions of and are met: (1) For cells and batteries: Drums (1A2, 1B2, 1N2, 1H2, 1D, 1G); Boxes (4A, 4B, 4N, 4C1, 4C2, 4D, 4F, 4G, 4H1, 4H2); Jerricans (3A2, 3B2, 3H2). Cells or batteries shall be packed in packagings so that the cells or batteries are protected against damage that may be caused by the movement or placement of the cells or batteries within the packaging. Packagings shall conform to the packing group II performance level. (2) In addition for cells or batteries with a gross mass of 12 kg or more employing a strong, impact resistant outer casing, and assemblies of such cells or batteries: (a) Strong outer packagings; (b) Protective enclosures (e.g., fully enclosed or wooden slatted crates); or (c) Pallets or other handling devices. Cells or batteries shall be secured to prevent inadvertent movement, and the terminals shall not support the weight of other superimposed elements. Packagings need not meet the requirements of (3) For cells or batteries packed with equipment: Packagings conforming to the requirements in paragraph (1) of this packing instruction, then placed with the equipment in an outer packaging; or Packagings that completely enclose the cells or batteries, then placed with equipment in a packaging conforming to the requirements in paragraph (1) of this packing instruction. The equipment shall be secured against movement within the outer packaging. For the purpose of this packing instruction, "equipment" means apparatus requiring the lithium metal or lithium ion cells or batteries with which it is packed for its operation. (4) For cells or batteries contained in equipment: Strong outer packagings constructed of suitable material, and of adequate strength and design in relation to the packaging capacity and its intended use. They shall be constructed in such a manner as to prevent accidental operation during carriage. Packagings need not meet the requirements of Large equipment can be offered for carriage unpackaged or on pallets when the cells or batteries are afforded equivalent protection by the equipment in which they are contained. Devices such as radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, watches and temperature loggers, which are not capable of generating a Health and Safety in the Supply Chain of Chemicals, Lithium batteries: Development of transport regulations, 12th June dangerous evolution of heat, may be carried when intentionally active in strong outer packagings. Additional requirement: Cells or batteries shall be protected against short circuit. P903

18 Carriage for disposal of used lithium batteries SP377 and 636 Cell / Battery in equipment yes 333 kg 2 Li cells / batteries per transport unit and carriage only up to intermediate processing facility? yes Exemption according to SP 636 b) and P909 no Cell / Battery alone (no equipment/machinery) yes SP 636 et P909 (sans disp. sup ) or Li-ion cell / battery 20 Wh / 100 Wh 1 or Li-Metal cell / battery 1 g / 2 g Li content Maximal weight of celle / Battery 500 g Damaged batteries included and SP 376 not applicable Note 1: Watt-hours = rated capacity (Ah) X nominal operating voltage (V) no no no ADR according to 377 and P909, not subject to tests nor to , mixing with non Li-B possible, Li-B in equipment allowed marked «LITHIUM BATTERIES FOR DISPOSAL» or «LITHIUM BATTERIES FOR RECYCLING» if damaged SP 376 and P908 or LP904 apply Note 2: ADR: exemption in relation to quantities per transport unit In quantities 333 kg per transport unit No orange marking of the transport unit No instructions in writing for the driver No ADR driver training certificate No safety adviser yes 333 kg 2 Li cells / batteries per transport unit and carriage only up to intermediate processing facility? yes Exemption according to SP 636 b) and P909 Health and Safety in the Supply Chain of Chemicals, Lithium batteries: Development of transport regulations, 12th June

19 Damaged or defective lithium batteries SP 376, P908 and LP04 1. Each cell or battery or equipment containing such cells and batteries to be individually packed in inner packaging; 2. Each inner packaging shall be surrounded by sufficient non-combustible and non-conductive thermal insulation material to protect against a dangerous evolution of heat 3. Sealed packagings shall be fitted with a venting device when appropriate 4. Measures be taken to prevent movement of cells or batteries within the package that may lead to damage during transport; Cushioning material that is non-combustible and non-conductive to address the concerns regarding a thermal event; 5. Absorbent materials for leaking cells or batteries; and 6. Batteries with a net mass of 30 kg or more limited to not more than one battery per outer package. 7. Cells or batteries shall be protected against short circuit 8. Mark: DAMAGED/DEFECTIVE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES or DAMAGED/DEFECTIVE LITHIUM METAL BATTERIES 9. Cells and batteries liable to rapidly disassemble, dangerously react, produce a flame or a dangerous evolution of heat or a dangerous emission of toxic, corrosive or flammable gases or vapours under normal conditions of carriage shall not be carried except under conditions approved by the competent authority of any ADR Contracting Party In this case the cells and batteries are assigned to transport category 0. Health and Safety in the Supply Chain of Chemicals, Lithium batteries: Development of transport regulations, 12th June

20 Challenge: Damaged vehicles Health and Safety in the Supply Chain of Chemicals, Lithium batteries: Development of transport regulations, 12th June

21 P911 a The following criteria, as relevant, may be considered to assess the performance of the packaging: a) The assessment shall be done under a quality management system(as described e.g. in section (e)) allowing for the traceability of tests results, reference data and characterization models used; b) The list of hazards expected in case of thermal runaway for the cell or battery type, in the condition it is transported (e.g. usage of an inner packaging, state of charge (SOC), use of sufficient non-combustible, electrically non-conductive and absorbent cushioning material etc.), shall be clearly identified and quantified the reference list of possible hazards for lithium cells or batteries (rapidly disassemble, dangerously react, produce a flame or a dangerous evolution of heat or a dangerous emission of toxic, corrosive or flammable gases or vapours) can be used for this purpose. The quantification of this hazards shall rely on available scientific literature; c) The mitigations effects of the packaging shall be identified and characterized, based on the nature of the protections provided and the construction material properties. A list of technical characteristics and drawings shall be used to support this assessment (Density [kg m -3 ], specific heat capacity [J kg -1 K -1 ], heating value [kj kg -1 ], thermal conductivity [W m -1 K -1 ], melting temperature and flammability temperature [K], heat transfer coefficient of the outer packaging [W m -2 K -1 ], ); d) The test and any supporting calculations shall assess the result of a thermal run-away of the cell or battery inside the packaging in the normal conditions of transport; e) In case the SOC of the cell or battery is not known, the assessment used, shall be done with the higher possible SOC corresponding to the cell or battery use conditions; f) The surrounding conditions in which the packaging may be used and transported shall be described (including for possible consequences of gas or smoke emissions on the environment, such as ventilation or other methods) according to the gas management system of the packaging; g) The tests or the model calculation shall consider the worst case scenario for the thermal runaway triggering and propagation inside the cell or battery: this scenario includes the worst possible failure in the normal transport condition, the maximum heat and flame emissions for the possible propagation of the reaction; h) The scenario consequences shall be assessed over a period covering all possible consequences (i.e. a period of 24 hours) Health and Safety in the Supply Chain of Chemicals, Lithium batteries: Development of transport regulations, 12th June

22 ADR applicable as from to Li cells and batteries SP188 (f), Not applicable for button cells in equipment nor for packages with > 4 or 2 batteries in equipment and 2 packages per consignment as from applicable to Li cells and batteries Marking for Li-B UN 3090, 3091, 3480 und 3481, but for Placards according to corresponding to Mark Nr. 9 Li-B shall meet the requirements of in vehicles SP 240, 312 and 385 and in machinery SP 363, except when otherwise provided for in these Regulations (e.g. for prototype batteries and small production runs under special provision 310 or damaged batteries under special provision 376). Health and Safety in the Supply Chain of Chemicals, Lithium batteries: Development of transport regulations, 12th June

23 Summary Li-B are dangerous goods The UN Model Regulations allow the safe multimodal transport of Li-B through: Correct classification and identification of the danger Compliance with international agreed standards and tests laid down in the Manual of Tests and Criteria Exemptions are foreseen: Multimodally in the UN Model Regulations and Completed in the modes (RID/ADR/ADN) for specific purposes (SP 636, , etc ) The disposal of Li-B is the future challenge of the regulations Health and Safety in the Supply Chain of Chemicals, Lithium batteries: Development of transport regulations, 12th June

24 Merci de votre attention Health and Safety in the Supply Chain of Chemicals, Lithium batteries: Development of transport regulations, 12th June