Airo National Research Journal Volume XIV, ISSN: April, 2018 Impact Factor 0.75 to 3.19 UGC Approval Number 63012

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2 DESIGN OF SOLAR POWERED GRASS CUTTERS 1 Rahul Sharma, 2 Ankit Dwivedi, 3 Deepshikha Agarwal 1,2,3 Electronics & Communication Engineering, Rajasthan Institute of Engineering And Technology, Jaipur 1 Srahul00795@gmail.com, 2 ankitdwivedi318@gmail.com, 3 agarwaldeepshikha9@gmail.com A. Declaration of Author: I hereby declare that the content of this research paper has been truly made by me including the title of the resear ch paper/research article, and no serial sequence of any sentence has been copied through internet or any other source except references or som e unavoidable essential or technical terms. In case of finding any patent or copy right content of any source or other author in my paper/article, I shall always be responsible for further clarification or any legal issues. For sole right content of different author or different source, which was unintentionally or intentionally used in this research paper shall immediately be removed from this journal and I shall be accountable for any further legal issues, and there will be no responsibi lity of Journal in any matter. If anyone has some issue related to the content of this research paper s copied or plagiarism conten t he/she may contact on my above mentioned ID. ABSTRACT: This research paper is based on the solar powered lawn cutters. These are based on the application of solar energy to power an electric motor which in turn rotates a blade which does the mowing of a lawn. Grass cutter or lawn mowing with a standard motor powered lawn mower is an inconvenience and no one takes pleasure in it. Cutting grass cannot be easily accomplished by elderly, younger, or disabled people. Motor powered push lawn mowers and riding lawn mowers create noise pollution due to the loud engine, and local air pollution due to the combustion in the engine. Also, a motor powered engine requires periodic maintenance such as changing the engine oil. Even though electric lawn mowers are environmentally friendly, they too can be an inconvenience. Along with motor powered lawn mowers, electric lawn mowers are also hazardous and cannot be easily used by all. Also, if the electric lawn mower is corded, mowing could prove to be problematic and dangerous. The self-propelling electric remote control Index Terms rotary mowers, automatic grass cutter system, scotch yoke mechanism, dc motor. I. INTRODUCTION The self-propelling electric remote control lawn mower is a lawn mower that has remote control capability. This prototype is robotic user friendly, cost efficient, safe to use, efficient to use, and environmentally friendly. It can save significantly on labor costs. The large sizes of lawn in the park, schools, college are maintained manually. The gardener used hand scissors used to cut and maintain lawn uniformly. Moving the grass cutters with a standard motor powered grass cutters is an inconvenience, and no one takes pleasure in it. Cutting grass cannot be easily accomplished by elderly, younger, grass cutter [1] moving with engine create noise pollution due to the loud engine, and local air pollution due to the combustion in the engine. It is not 2

3 easy and also very difficult to maintain uniform size. Also a motor powered engine requires periodic maintenance such as changing the engine oil. Even though electric solar grass is environmentally friendly, they too can be an inconvenience. Along with motor powered grass cutter, electric grass cutters are also hazardous and cannot be easily used by all. This project is an autonomous solar grass cutter that will allow the user to the ability to cut their grass with minimal effort. Hence we design to make a grass cutter without any power source due to reduce the power consumption. Design a solar powered domestic lawnmower that utilizes solar power as an energy source is meant to address a number of issues that standard internal combustion engine mowers do not. An electric lawnmower with a solar charger will be easier to use. It will eliminate those unnecessary trips to the gas station for fill-ups. The unskilled gardener is enough to operate the grass cutter. Most importantly it eliminates the emissions of an internal combustion mower which are mostly responsible for environmental pollution and causes the green house gases effect believed to be responsible for the worsening global warming of our planet. This is so because solar energy is green/renewable energy. Different designs have been made, each to suit a particular need or convenience. Making the process of cutting grass easier over the years, many individuals have added modification to the original design speed, efficiency and power of a mowing machine. The solar powered lawnmower is an improvement on cordless electric lawn mower. II. Proposed Design The lawn mower or grass cutter is made up of an induction motor, a battery, an alternator, three collapsible blades, and a link mechanism. The power and charging system comprises of an alternator which charges the battery while in operation. The D.C. motor[2] forms the heart of the machine and provides the driving force for the collapsible blades. This is achieved by the combined effect of mechanical action of the cutting blades and the forward thrust of the mower. The system is powered by an electrical switch which completes the circuit comprising the induction motor and the battery. The IR sensor is finding the path to avoid the obstacles and machine damage. The shaft fitting mechanism with which the height of cut is altered. Solar power as an energy source will address a number of issues that standard internal combustion engine mowers do not. An electric grass cutter with a solar charger will be easier to use. There is no messy dangerous gasoline to deal with Most importantly it eliminates the emissions of an internal combustion mower. A lawn mower is a device which by means of one or more revolving blades issued to cutgrass or other plants to an even length. Lawnmowers employing a blade that rotates about a vertical axis are known as rotary mowers, while those employing a blade assembly that rotates 3

4 about a horizontal axis are known as cylinder or reel mowers. Solar grass cutter are based on the use of small but powerful engine that provides enough torque to spin a very sharp horizontal blade[3] that cuts the grass upon contact. The blade is located in the deck that prevents grass from flying all over the place when struck. In most cases, the motor is situated at the top of the deck, which is usually mounted on four wheels. There is also a bag connected to the deck that is used to collect cut grasses the opinion that lawnmowers must be designed to reduce pollutions generated than at present. Figure 1 Solar grass cutter block diagram. Figure 2 Sketch Diagram. It uses the photovoltaic panel to generate the energy needed to power the mower. It is assumed that a lawnmower using solar as the energy source will address a number of issues that the standard internal combustion engine and electric motors lawn mowers do not. A lawnmower with solar energy will be easier to use, it eliminates down time by frequent trips to the gas station for fill-ups and danger associated with gasoline spillage. The dangerous emissions generated by the gasoline spillage and that of the internal combustion engine into the atmosphere are eliminated. The solar powered lawnmower will help to reduce air pollution as well as noise pollution produced by other types of lawnmowers. In addition, it will help to reduce the running cost of using and maintaining a lawnmower. The main components of the powered grass cutter- 12V Battery Brush less DC motor Battery charger Mechanism used Circuit breaker Blades 4

5 pattern both wheels must turn at two very different speeds with the outmost wheel moving the fastest.many types of lawn movers are there- cylinder lawn mowers, petrol lawn mowers, electric lawn mowers, hover lawn mowers, riding lawn mowers, robotic lawn mowers. PLASTIC WHEELS-The plastic wheels will be connected to the DC motors. As soon as they create the torque, these wheels will help the move. BUMPER-The physical bumper is made up of an inner square created by PVC pipe[4]. The outside has PVC pipe with attached sheet metal that is attached to the inner square with PVC pipe loaded by a spring. There is a bolt through each spring connecting the outside and inside layer of the PVC pipe. The spring allows the bumper to compress when the mower has contact with an object. The bumper also has bolts through it that are there to activate the pushbuttons. MOTORS- The Lawn Bot has a total of two motors. The blade mower came attached to the mower s body frame. Both of its terminals are attached to a specified slot on the main terminal block. The other two mowers are used to move the wheels of the mower. They are both attached to the mower s body frame with two u-bolts. The terminals for these two motors are attached to the motor driver s terminals. The lawn mower will have two types of cutting styles: spiral and random. The user will place the robot in the center of their lawn and let it cut. To achieve this cutting A DC motor is a mechanically commutated electric motor powered from direct current (DC). The stator is stationary in space by definition and therefore so is its current. The current in the rotor is switched by the commentator to also be stationary in space. This is how the relative angle between the stator and rotor magnetic flux is maintained near 90 degrees, which generates the maximum torque. DC MOTORS: DC motors have a rotating armature winding (winding in which a voltage is induced) but non-rotating armature magnetic field and a static field winding (winding that produce the main magnetic flux) or permanent magnet. Different connections of the field and armature [5] winding provide different inherent speed/torque regulation characteristics. The speed of a DC motor can be controlled by changing the voltage applied to the armature or by changing the field current. The introduction of variable resistance in the armature circuit or field circuit allowed speed control. Modern DC motors are 5

6 often controlled by power electronics systems called DC drives. MOUNTING THE MOTORS: When mounting the motor to the mower deck the most important thing was to make sure it was centered and properly secured. The motor made sure it was centered by measuring an equal distance from the sides of the motor to the outside diameter of the mower. Secured the motor to the deck with four 3/8" bolts with washers.adding washers between the motor and the deck allowed me to raise different sides of the motor to level It needed to place two washers on the front two bolts to bring the motor up to level. BLADES: A blade is that portion of a tool, weapon, or machine with an edge that is designed to cut and/or puncture, stab, slash, chop, slice, thrust, or scrape surfaces or materials. The blade is seldom sharp enough to give a neat cutting. The blade simply tears the grass resulting in brown tips. However, the horizontal blades are easy to remove. Mower blades are the cutting components of lawn mowers. They are usually made of sturdy metals as they must be able to withstand high-speed contact with a variety of objects in addition to grass. The materials used (as well as size, thickness, and design of the blades) vary by manufacturer. A blade may be made from a flaking stone, such as flint, metal (usually steel), ceramic, or other material. Here we used two blades i.e. fixed blade [6] and sliding blade. III. WORKING PRINCIPLE The working principle of solar grass cutter is it has panels mounted in a particular arrangement at an in such a way that it can receive solar radiation with high intensity easily from the sun. These solar panels convert solar energy into electrical energy. This electrical energy is stored in batteries by using a solar charger [7]. The main function of the solar charger is to increase the current from the panels while batteries are charging, it also disconnects the solar panels from the batteries when they are fully charged and also connects to the panels when the charging in batteries is low. The motor is connected to the batteries through connecting wires.between these two mechanical circuit breaker switch is provided. It starts and stops the working of the motor. From this motor, the power transmits to the mechanism and this makes the blade to slide on the fixed blade and this makes to cut the grass.it works on the principle of scotch yoke mechanism which is also known as slotted link mechanism is a reciprocating motion mechanism [8], converting the linear motion of a slider into rotational motion or vice versa. The piston or other reciprocating part is directly coupled to a sliding yoke with a slot that engages a pin on the rotating part. The shape of the motion of the piston is a pure sin wave over time given a constant rotational speed IV. CONCLUSION This paper entitled solar powered grass cutter makes easier for a common man as it 6

7 is having much more advantages i.e, no fuel cost, no pollution and no fuel residue, less wear and tear because of less number of moving components and this can be operated by using solar energy. This will give much more physical exercise to the people and can be easily handled. This system is having facility of charging the batteries while the solar powered grass cutter is in motion. So it is much more suitable for grass cutting also. The same thing can be operated in night time also, as there is a facility to charge these batteries in day light. REFERENCES [1] Mukherjee, D., Chakrabarti, S., Fundamentals ofrenewable energy systems, New Age international limited publishers, IJAEEE, Volume1, Number 1 Nor Fatima al.issn: /V1N1:9-14 IJAEEE New Delhi, [2] Sharma, P.C., Non-conventional power plants, Public printing service, New Delhi, [3] Mukherje, D., Chakrabarti, S., Nonconventionalpower plants, New Delhi, Nota, R., Barelds, R., Engineering method for road traffic and railway noise after validation and finetuning, Harmonoise WP 21-35, [5] Hamet, J.P., Besnard, F., Doisy, S., Lelong, J., New vehicle noise emission for French traffic noise prediction, 71:861 9, [4] Gagen, M.J.,Novel acoustic sources from squeezed cavities in car tires, J AcoustSoc Am, ,1999. [ 7] Makarewicz, R., Gałuszka, M., Road traffic noise prediction based on speedflow diagram. ApplAcoust; 72:190 5, [5] Makarewicz, R., Zołtowski, M., Variations of road traffic noise in residential areas, J AcoustSocAm; 124: , [ 9] Watts, G., et al., Effects of speed distribution on the Harmonoise model predictions, Inter- NoiseConference, Prague; pp 21-34, [6] Arora, C.P., Fundamentals of renewable energy systems, New Age international limited publishers, New Delhi, [7] Raja, A.K., Non-conventional power engineering, Public printing service, New Delhi, [8] Annual reports and accounts 2007, Kenya Power and Lighting Company Limited. 7